Numerical Simulation of Fractional Zakharov–Kuznetsov Equation for Description of Temporal Discontinuity Using Projected Differential Transform Method

The core aim of this study is to propose a novel computational procedure, namely, Elzaki transform iterative method to work out two-dimensional nonlinear time-fractional Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation numerically. We execute the suggested iterative procedure on two models and results are presented graphically in the form of surface plot and absolute error is compared with the VIM and HPM to show that the method is more powerful than VIM and HPM and deduce that the offered numerical pattern is more efficient in simulating linear and nonlinear fractional order models.

Climatic characterization and evaluation of the need for supplementary irrigation for cacao in southern Bahia, Brazil

Cacao is a typical plant of a tropical climate and demands ample water. Thus, in periods of water deficit, the need for supplementary irrigation can influence crop development. This study aimed to characterize the climate and evaluate the need for supplementary irrigation for cacao crops in the south of the state of Bahia (Brazil). For this research, historical data (2001-2017) for climate variables were obtained that are available at the weather station of the Executive Commission for Cacao Cultivation Planning (CEPLAC), located in southern Bahia. With the complete database, the monthly values for each variable were calculated and subjected to descriptive statistical analyses. Subsequently, the mean values for rainfall and air temperature were used to calculate potential evapotranspiration. The climatological water balance was then calculated, defining the periods of water deficit and surplus and whether supplementary irrigation was necessary or not, based on the total monthly water deficit. Overall, the region had a favorable climate for the development of cacao. However, this pattern did not continue throughout the historical series of climatic data, which showed temporal discontinuity, especially in February. The main months requiring supplementary irrigation for the cultivation of c hern Bahia were February and December.

Yesterday’s News: A Temporal Discontinuity in the Sting of Inferiority

Reactions to other people who get desirable outcomes should be a simple function of how much one desires those outcomes. Four studies ( N = 4,978) suggest that one’s reactions depend on the temporal location of outcome acquisition: Observers care more (e.g., feel more envy) right before, versus right after, other people have identical experiences (Studies 1, 2a, and 2b). For example, participants’ envy in February rose as Valentine’s Day approached (as a peer’s enviable date loomed in the future) but abruptly plateaued come February 15 onward (after the date occurred). Further, the passing of time specifically assuaged the pain of comparison (whereas positive reactions, such as feeling inspired, remained high; Studies 3a, 3b, and 3c); therefore, taking a past perspective can be used to regulate negative emotions in the present (Study 4). Time asymmetrically shapes the experience of upward comparison, despite other people’s desirable outcomes indeed being achieved. Other people’s good lives sting less if they have already lived them.

Desperate Responsibility

The temporally inflected theme of “desperate responsibility” predominates when day laborers describe their incessant work searches and arbitrary treatment by employers. For day laborers, temporal uniformity fostered by anxiety about insufficient work mingles with extreme temporal discontinuity whenever jobs and employers’ demands shift. In a contradictory response, day laborers affirm a time-conscious work ethic of personal responsibility even while their self-avowed desperation precludes independent choice. This predicament reflects migrant workers’ exceptional exposure to neoliberal crises and the deportation regime. Yet desperate responsibility also references contradictions experienced by working people in general due to the postindustrial work ethic, affective labor, and digital work. As work bleeds into every waking moment while undergoing severe temporal fragmentation, workers are pressed to embrace responsibility freely under conditions that undermine capacities for free action. This critical-popular investigation thus spurs militant demands to end deportation and to reject the self-destructive temporalities of our contemporary work culture.

The recent developments in spatio-temporally continuous snow cover product generation

The snow cover products of optical remote sensing systems play an important role in research into global climate change, the hydrological cycle, the energy balance, and so on. However, cloud cover results in spatial and temporal discontinuity for long-term snow monitoring. In the last few decades, a large number of cloud removal methods for snow cover products have been proposed. In this paper, our goal is to make a comprehensive summarization of the existing algorithms for generating spatio-temporally continuous snow cover products, and to expose the development trends. The methods of generating spatio-temporally continuous snow cover products are classified into spatial methods, temporal methods, spatio-temporal methods, and multi-source fusion methods. Experiments were conducted to validate the reconstruction effect of the representative methods.

THE CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION IN MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL, UNDER THE OPTICS OF GOOGLE EARTH

The center pivot irrigation in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, under the optics of Google Earth EDUARDO PINHEIRO DE FREITAS1 AND WAGNER ALVES DE ANDRADE2 1 IFSP campus Barretos, Barretos – SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] UCS, Caxias do Sul - RS, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 1 Abstract The Southeast region has the highest water demand and the largest irrigated area in Brazil, with emphasis on the central pivots in the state of Minas Gerais. However, the reliability of this information is poor, which limits its use to such management. As an alternative to obtain more consistent data, especially regarding central pivots, there is the use of remote sensing with satellite images to the mapping of irrigated areas in spatial and temporal scales, with some technical and financial difficulties as barriers. Google Earth solves part of these barriers, but the temporal discontinuity is a point to be evaluated. In this context, this work aimed to use Google Earth to visually identify areas irrigated by center pivot in Minas Gerais, from an overflight in the state at an altitude of the viewpoint of 4,000 meters, characterize and register them, which resulted in 4,607 areas totaling 295,059.76 ha, with the municipality of Paracatu presenting the largest number with 598 areas, and Unaí, the greatest extent, with 42,846.04 ha. Data available in the literature of 2010 indicated 4,432 areas occupying 303,368 ha with 570 areas in Paracatu and 44,258 ha in Unaí, confirming the functionality of the method. Keywords: GIS, water resources, remote sensing. FREITAS, E. P. DE; ANDRADE, w. a. DE A irrigação por pivô central no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, sob a óptica do Google Earth 2 Resumo A região Sudeste tem a maior demanda de água no Brasil e a maior extensão irrigada, com destaque para os pivôs centrais no estado de Minas Gerais, contudo, a confiabilidade destas informações é precária e limitam seu uso para a referida gestão. Como opção à obtenção de dados mais consistentes, principalmente quanto aos pivôs centrais, tem-se a utilização do sensoriamento remoto com imagens de satélites para o mapeamento em escalas espacial e temporal, tendo como entraves algumas dificuldades técnicas e financeiras. O Google Earth soluciona parte destes entraves, tendo na descontinuidade temporal um dos pontos a ser avaliado. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar o Google Earth para identificar visualmente áreas irrigadas por pivô central em Minas Gerais, a partir de um sobrevoo no estado a uma altitude do ponto de visão de 4000 metros, caracterizá-las e cadastrá-las, o que resultou em 4607 áreas que totalizaram 295059,76 ha, com o município de Paracatu apresentando o maior número, com 598 áreas, e Unaí a maior extensão, com 42846,04 ha. Dados disponíveis do ano de 2010 indicam 4432 áreas ocupando 303368 ha, com 570 áreas em Paracatu e 44258 ha em Unaí, ratificando a funcionalidade do método. Palavras-chave: SIG, recursos hídricos, sensoriamento remoto.

Female Creativity and Temporal Discontinuity: Slips and Skips of Remembrance in Nietzsche and Freud

Both Nietzsche and Freud offer accounts of temporal disturbances in the processes of cognition, whilst also “forgetting” to notice women’s contributions to the history of culture. Both writers link women’s creative incapacity to their reproductive physiology and also to bodily shame. This paper argues, however, that Nietzsche’s descriptions of cognitive delay and collective forgetfulness are useful to feminist historians and theorists, providing a resource for theorising the belated recognition of women’s forgotten cultural achievements which the Freudian account lacks. The paper distinguishes between two contrasting modes of delayed recognition in Nietzsche, and compares Nietzsche on the temporal discontinuities of the nachträglich with Freud on the slips and skips in memory that derive from trauma, Nachträglichkeit and psychoneurotic repression. Another mode of temporal slippage - that of the Hopsasa - found in Nietzsche is also considered, as is also the potential of “the filigree art” of focusing as a remedy for cultural disappearances.