scholarly journals The importance of moral framing in pro-environmental behaviour – a field study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vanags
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Moral Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Attitude ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Actual Behaviour ◽  
Attitude Inventory ◽  
Moral Framing

Pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) amongst the general public is recognised as an important part of solutions to long-term human sustainability, but describing and predicting it is complex and further experimental evidence is required to do so reliably. This research takes one model, the Comprehensive Action Determination Model (CADM), and tested it for predictive validity in a field experiment by linking covertly observed, anonymous data on domestic thermostat usage to values, attitudes, beliefs and behavioural intentions. An experimental manipulation was employed in order to demonstrate causality of predictor variables on behaviour.The well established ‘attitude-behaviour gap’ is observed as expected, but results provide support for the CADM in terms of predicting actual behaviour. Within this, the moralising of an issue (or not) showed the greatest correlation with actual behaviour ie. those who regard thermostat setting as a moral issue are more likely to show the pro-environmental behaviour above all other predictor variables, including intention. The experimental manipulation did not show a significant effect, demonstrating the difficulties of producing real-world behaviour change. Other key findings suggest that, contrary to other studies, in this case self-control does not increase pro-environmental behaviour. In addition, despite criticism of the New Environmental Paradigm as a scale to measure general environmental attitudes this study shows that it performs very similarly to its main alternative, the Environmental Attitude Inventory. Implications and future research are considered, in particular the need to further understand the mechanisms by which certain issues become moralised whilst other do not.

Parasympathetic Concomitants of Habitual, Spontaneous, and Instructed Emotional Suppression

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmir Gračanin ◽  
Igor Kardum ◽  
Jasna Hudek-Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Emotion Experience ◽  
Similar Relation

Abstract. The neurovisceral integration model proposes that different forms of self-regulation, including the emotional suppression, are characterized by the activation of neural network whose workings are also reflected in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). However, most of the previous studies failed to observe theoretically expected increases in RSA during emotional suppression. Even when such effects were observed, it was not clear whether they resulted from specific task demands, a decrease in muscle activity, or they were the consequence of more specific self-control processes. We investigated the relation between habitual or trait-like suppression, spontaneous, and instructed suppression with changes in RSA during negative emotion experience. A modest positive correlation between spontaneous situational and habitual suppression was observed across two experimental tasks. Furthermore, the results showed greater RSA increase among participants who experienced higher negative affect (NA) increase and reported higher spontaneous suppression than among those with higher NA increase and lower spontaneous suppression. Importantly, this effect was independent from the habitual suppression and observable facial expressions. The results of the additional task based on experimental manipulation, rather than spontaneous use of situational suppression, indicated a similar relation between suppression and RSA. Our results consistently demonstrate that emotional suppression, especially its self-regulation component, is followed by the increase in parasympathetic activity.

Law enforcement investigation of non-sexual child abuse: Physical abuse, neglect and Abusive Head Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-92
Author(s):  
Sarah Shaffer ◽  
Nadja Schreiber Compo ◽  
J Zoe Klemfuss ◽  
Joanna Peplak ◽  
Julio Mejias
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Abusive Head Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Interviewing Techniques ◽  
Case Characteristics

This study examined the experiences of law enforcement in investigating physical abuse, neglect and Abusive Head Trauma (AHT). Law enforcement ( N = 388) in the United States were surveyed regarding case characteristics, investigative strategy, interrogative approaches, frequency/content of perpetrator admissions and interagency interaction across cases of physical abuse, neglect and AHT. Results revealed that exposure rates matched those of national statistics. AHT perpetrators reported to admit guilt less often than suspects of physical abuse and neglect. Participants reported that suspects explain physical abuse and AHT by referencing poor self-control as a common cause. Lack of financial resources was commonly reported as the explanation for neglect. Potentially coercive interviewing techniques were reported across abuse types but were more frequent in cases of AHT. AHT cases were reportedly hardest to prove/prosecute partially due to conflicting medical diagnoses. Potential implications for law enforcement investigative (interviewing) policies and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Self-Control on Subjective Well-Being: Examining the Moderating Role of Trait and State Motivation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Zhao ◽  
Fusen Xie ◽  
Yuchen Luo ◽  
Yixuan Liu ◽  
Yuan Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Motivation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Moderating Role

It is well documented that self-control has a positive effect on individuals’ subjective well-being. However, little research has focused on the moderators underlying this relationship. The present research used two studies to examine the moderating role of both trait and state motivation on the relationship between self-control and subjective well-being using psychometric and experimental models, respectively. In Study 1, we explored whether trait motivation (including promotion vs. prevention motivation) moderated the relationship between trait self-control and subjective well-being using a psychometric model. In Study 2, we examined the moderating effects of both trait and state motivation on the effect of state self-control (measured via ego depletion) on subjective well-being using an experimental model. Our results indicated that self-control had a positive effect on subjective well-being, with this relationship being primarily moderated by prevention motivation. When state and trait prevention motivations were congruent, self-control had the most obvious impact on subjective well-being. This study suggests that current understandings around the association between self-control and happiness is limited, implying that motivation should be the focus of future research.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Models of COVID-19 Cases in the United States: A Study of Initial Lockdown and Reopen Regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11227
Author(s):  
Arnold Kamis ◽  
Yudan Ding ◽  
Zhenzhen Qu ◽  
Chenchen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
The United States ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Variance Explained

The purpose of this paper is to model the cases of COVID-19 in the United States from 13 March 2020 to 31 May 2020. Our novel contribution is that we have obtained highly accurate models focused on two different regimes, lockdown and reopen, modeling each regime separately. The predictor variables include aggregated individual movement as well as state population density, health rank, climate temperature, and political color. We apply a variety of machine learning methods to each regime: Multiple Regression, Ridge Regression, Elastic Net Regression, Generalized Additive Model, Gradient Boosted Machine, Regression Tree, Neural Network, and Random Forest. We discover that Gradient Boosted Machines are the most accurate in both regimes. The best models achieve a variance explained of 95.2% in the lockdown regime and 99.2% in the reopen regime. We describe the influence of the predictor variables as they change from regime to regime. Notably, we identify individual person movement, as tracked by GPS data, to be an important predictor variable. We conclude that government lockdowns are an extremely important de-densification strategy. Implications and questions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The role of self-control, self-efficacy, metacognition, and motivation in predicting school achievement

Psihologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Vladimir Dzinovic ◽  
Rajka Djevic ◽  
Ivana Djeric
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
Eighth Grade Students

Self-control and self-regulated learning refer to those processes and strategies whereby individuals exert agency in facing educational demands. This study tested a structural model which predicts that self-control has direct effect on school achievement, as well as mediated by metacognitive self-regulation, academic self-efficacy, and regulatory motivational styles as the variables related to self-regulated learning. The research was carried out on a stratified random sample of 575 eighth grade students. It was shown that the effect of self-control on achievement is mediated by self-efficacy. In other words, students who have heightened selfcontrol and believe in their own ability to meet school demands will be successful in school regardless of the complexity of their learning or whether they are autonomously motivated. The implications of such a finding were considered, as well as the limitations of the research and the indications for future research.

Do differences matter? A typology of emerging adult romantic relationship

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia N. E. Roberson ◽  
Jerika Christine Norona ◽  
Jessica N. Fish ◽  
Spencer B. Olmstead ◽  
Frank Fincham
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Latent Class Analyses ◽  
Group Variation

Romantic relationships among emerging adults (individuals aged 18–25 years) are typically homogenously classified both theoretically and empirically as “exploratory” and “unstable.” With a sample of college students ( N = 340), we examined within-group variation among romantic relationships in emerging adulthood using latent class analyses. Four predictor variables indicated four types of romantic relationships among emerging adult college students: the committers (38%), the casual daters (23%), the settlers (30%), and the volatile daters (8%). Classes varied according to background variables such as gender and infidelity. Additionally, there was class variation for outcome variables such as breakup status and loneliness. Future research and implications are discussed.

Strain, Criminal Propensity, and Violence: Examining the Role of the Composite Moderator in Agnew’s Extension to GST

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Street Youth ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Criminal Propensity ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
General Strain ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Recent Extension

Utilizing a sample of 400 homeless street youth, this article examines Agnew’s recent extension to General Strain Theory and the identification of a composite moderator. Using an amalgamated moderator composed of low self-control, violent peers, and street code adherence, the study investigates how this combination increases the likelihood that individuals will respond to strain with violence. Findings indicate that four forms of child abuse and neglect, vicarious violent victimization, homelessness, and anger are all more likely to lead to violent offending when conditioned by the moderator. Findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered.

Attitudes and behaviour towards organic products: an exploratory study

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efthimia Tsakiridou ◽  
Christina Boutsouki ◽  
Yorgos Zotos ◽  
Kostantinos Mattas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Food ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Actual Behaviour ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Organic Products

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to identify consumers' attitudes and behaviour towards organic products in Greece.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on a non‐probability quota sample of 660 respondents to explore the attitudes and behaviour of Greek consumers towards organic food products.FindingsGreek consumers seem to be informed about environmental and health issues. They seek information about the nutritional value of food and demand more products free from chemical residues. The results show that most consumers associate organic consumption mainly with fruit and vegetables. Although demographics seem to affect attitudes towards organics, their value in explaining actual behaviour is minimal.Research limitations/implicationsIt is recognized that the data gathered in this study focus on the metropolitan area of Thessaloniki, Greece. The specific area though, is considered to be representative of the total Greek population. The results confirm that health, concern for the environment, animal welfare and support of the local economy are drivers of organic consumption. However, there is an indication that the importance of motives and barriers may vary for different product categories and perhaps future research should focus on product segmentation.Practical implicationsAlthough certain similarities in consumers' attitudes towards organic food products have been identified, this paper records the variation in behaviour towards organics among the various consumer groups examined in Greece, and highlights the gap between attitudes and actual behaviour. Given the complexity of consumer decision making, future research should explore the other value trade‐offs that consumers make.Originality/valueThis paper attempts to provide evidence on the relatively under researched area of organics attitudes and behaviour in Greece.

Self-Control as a Coordination Problem

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Asael Y. Sklar ◽  
Kentaro Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Mind

This chapter presents an analysis of self-control from a motivational perspective, modeling it as the resolution of a conflict between proximal and distal concerns. It briefly reviews “divided-mind” models that suggest that self-control entails competition between opposing elements of the mind, and discusses some of the empirical and conceptual challenges to these conceptual frameworks. The authors then propose an alternative account that addresses these challenges, suggesting that coordination of (rather than competition between) elements of the mind is key to self-control. They review empirical evidence for the new model, and then conclude by outlining some of its implications for future research and theory.

Values Activation and Present Bias

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Onna Brewer ◽  
Orhan Erdem
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Values Clarification ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Present Bias ◽  
Writing Activity

Present bias—difficulty resisting instant gratification over a future and larger reward (also called delay discounting)—has been associated with various suboptimal behaviors and health outcomes. Several methods have been proposed to produce reductions in this bias and promote self-control. In this randomized experimental study of 137 undergraduate college students, the authors examined the effect of a 10-minute values clarification writing exercise on present bias in a monetary decision-making task compared with a neutral writing activity. While participants in the values clarification condition showed less present-biased behavior, this finding was not statistically significant at the .05 level. Thus, they place emphasis on implications for future research and practice with the aims of reducing present bias and building better communities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document