Pemberian Jus Apel Hijau Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol Pada Pasien Hiperkolesterolemia Di Kota Metro

ABSTRAK Pada penduduk >15 tahun didapatkan kolesterol total abnormal 35,9% (≥200 mg/dl), HDL rendah 22,9% yang kurang dari 40 mg/dl, LDL tidak optimal dengan kategori gabungan near optimal dan borderline tinggi 60,3% serta kategori tinggi dan sangat tinggi 15,9% (≥190 mg/dl), trigliserida abnormal kategori borderline tinggi 13,0% serta kategori tinggi dan sangat tinggi 11,9% (≥500 mg/dl). Kolesterol adalah suatu zat berlemak yang diperlukan di dalam tubuh manusia untuk sintesa berbagai steroida. Cara mengatasi kelebihan kolesterol dalam darah dengan farmakologi dan nonfarmakologi. Cara nonfarmakologi menurunkan kadar kolesterol dengan mengonsumsi jus apel hijau. Tujuan untuk mendapatkan pengalaman yang nyata dan kompetensi lebih dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan komprehensif pemberian jus apel hijau terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol. Adapun intervensi yang dilakukan dengan pemberian jus apel hijau sebanyak 200 ml selama 7 hari, diminum rutin satu kali sehari sesudah makan berbuka puasa. Terdapat penurunan kadar kolesterol setelah diberikan jus apel hijau pada klien kolesterol. Dengan demikian, pemberian jus apel hijau efektif dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol. Kata Kunci: Kolesterol, Jus Apel Hijau ABSTRACT In the population of >15 years are obtained abnormal total cholesterol 35,9% (≥200 mg/dl), low HDL 22,9% which is less than 40 mg/dl, LDL is not optimal with the category of combined near-optimal and high borderline 60,3% as high category and very high 15,9% (≥190 mg/dl), abnormal triglycerides category high borderline 13,0% as high category and very high 11,9% (≥500 mg/dl). Cholesterol is a fatty substance in the human body for the synthesis of various steroids. The method to reduce hyper cholesterol in the blood can be pharmacological and non-pharmacological. The nonpharmacological method was consuming green apple juice. The purpose was to get real experience and more competence in providing comprehensive nursing care. The intervention was given green apple juice as much as 200 ml for 7 days, taken routinely once a day after iftar. There was cholesterol levels reduction of cholesterol client after gave green apple juice. Thus, green apple juice effectively reduces cholesterol levels. Keywords: Cholesterol, Green Apple Juice

The Schwann cell

Theodor Schwann, a German physiologist and one of the founding fathers of cellular theory, was the first to hypothesize the association between myelin (the insulating fatty substance surrounding peripheral nerve axons) and the cells that later took his name. In addition to their central role in facilitating the conduction of fast axon potentials, there exist a number of Schwann cell subtypes that are responsible for maintaining normal neural function and signalling at the neuromuscular junction. This chapter provides an overview of the development of the Schwann cells from their neural crest origin and the molecular changes associated with formation of the diverging myelinating and non-myelinating phenotypes. The role of Schwann cells in assisting peripheral nerve axon regeneration is also discussed.

Levels of Hydroquinone, Selected Heavy Metals (Hg, Pb, As) and Chemical requirements in Some Skin Lightening Creams Sold in Mbarara Municipality

In this study, Skin-lightening creams commonly sold in Mbarara municipality were analyzed for chemical parameters (pH, thermal stability and fatty substance content), total hydroquinone, Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic contents. Total heavy metal content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The levels of hydroquinone were determined using High Performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All the creams showed detectable mean levels of mercury, ranging from 0.07±0.01ppm to 0.33±0.01ppm. Only 26.31% of the creams showed detectable levels of lead and 15.79% creams recorded detectable levels of arsenic. The mean levels of hydroquinone ranged from 0.54±0.02% to 4.47±0.02%. All the creams passed the thermal stability and fatty substance content tests. However, all the creams had very low pH values below the recommended 4.5- 8.5 pH ranges by Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS). The levels of mercury, arsenic and lead in the samples were less than the UNBS, European Union and US Food and Drug Administration’s acceptable limits. Only 84.2% of the cream samples analyzed contained hydroquinone levels higher than the recommended WHO limit of 2%. The use of such creams may lead to serious health hazards. While the low concentrations of heavy metals detected in the cream samples analyzed do not pose any potential risk to consumers, repeated application of these creams may cause a cumulative effect over prolonged exposure. The low pH values may cause skin irritations. Therefore, the community needs to be sensitized on the implications of using skin lightening creams and UNBS should conduct periodic analysis to ascertain the levels of hydroquinone, heavy metals, and chemical requirements of skin lightening creams sold in Uganda as well as encourage manufacturers to state the exact bleaching agents in their creams.

Dincharya for Shodhan Snehapan-a review

Snehan is the therapy by which different types of fatty substances are administered to the body both internally and externally. The entire snehan processes may be classified into, a) external snehan and b) internal snehan .Primarily the oral administration of sneha is understood as it is the pillar among the heading Panchakarma. Oral intake of fatty substance in certain dose for a scheduled duration is advised before undergoing shodhan procedures viz.Vaman and Virechan. After having sneha daily certain rules has to be followed. The one who has taken sneha should be very particular about the below mentioned guidelines for proper absorption. Dincharya (daily regimen) is one of the principles mentioned in Ayurveda .life style refers to dietary and behavioural pattern of an individual followed daily.

FABRY DISEASE

Fabry Disease comes under hereditary familial diseases called lysosomal storage disorders. It is a genetic disease resulting from the accumulation of fatty substance in the cell, which is known as globotriaosylceramide.

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE STRUCTURE OF HUMAN SKIN

The success of handprints examined by experts depends on many factors, the main of which is the receipt of dactyloscopic information by qualified detection, fixation and removal of handprints during the inspection of the scene. To do this, the future expert needs knowledge about the mechanism of papillary patterns, types of handprints, general rules for their detection, and so on. The fact is that the multicomponent nature of the fatty substance creates ample opportunities for the detection of handprints and provides many potential opportunities for chemical exposure. In addition, the substrate of the fatty substance has some physical properties that can be used in the process of visualization of traces.

Disclosure of latent fingerprints on large-sized items in specialized tents

During contact of the skin of the hand with another surface, man leaves traces of fingerprints on a variety of subjects. Covering our hands and transferred to a substrate is a sudoral-fatty substance mirroring the epidermal ridges. Thanks to the fact that the arrangement of these ridges is different for each person, the identity of a person can be established.