Psychological theories of aggression

This paper aimed to provide a short exposition of the main theories of aggression. The choice of the theories reflected, in part, the historical progression and rising complexity of the theories over time. A brief overview of the following theoretical perspectives on aggression was presented: Freud’s psychoanalytic theory; Lorenz’s ethological theory; Behaviorist theory; Frustration-aggression hypothesis; Cognitive neo-association theory; and Social learning theory. These theories are representatives of the traditional perspective, which posits that by piecing together fragments of data gained through research, we arrive at the truth about aggression. A radically different perspective was offered through the constructivist perspective, which argues that any theory is just one way of organizing the data. Drawing from personal construct theory, a different psychological perspective on aggression was proposed.

The Behaviorism Perspectives on English Learning: Its Theorical and Implications for Foreign English Learner in Online Learning Era

The successful of teaching learning process not only focus on the technique and the materials. Especially to learn English Subject the lecturer should attend in linguistic perspective especially in this case discuss about behaviorism perspective. Behaviorism is one of the learning perspectives centered on instructors for a long time, as an education regulator, shaping every aspect of the curriculum and commands. This paper presents an explanation of the characteristics of behavior, its philosophical and basic theory and the application of behaviorist theory to teach foreign language learner in Campus 7 Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang in Environmental Health Department in online era. which has connection with theory which under pines the widely used Audio lingual Method by lecturers. In line, behaviorism perspective also has a close relationship with the audio lingual method to give reinforcement and encouragement to the students. So the important application in this case is the psychological aspects of students in the online era learning and is supported by the appropriate learning method.

The Process of Acquiring Declarative Sentence on Aphasia

The present study investigates the process of acquiring declarative sentences in aphasia language learners. This study seeks to address the question of how the process of an aphasia language learner to acquire declarative sentences. Using a case study, the process of interview was implemented to explore the subject's response toward this issue. The subject is an adult language learner who is 69 years old. The data were obtained from interviews and documents. The interview section was used to explore the process of acquiring declarative sentences, and the documents were used to check the validity of the interview. The data analysis of acquiring declarative sentences showed: (1) the process of acquiring the language on an adult is through behaviorist theory that consists of subject's routinizes in reading books, newspapers, and comics. (2) In adult language learners, the duration of acquiring the language is not too long and challenging. The subject takes a significant effort to deal with various activities, and it is the characteristic of an adult in acquiring the language. (3) In the construction of declarative sentences, the subjects could produce six sentences correctly and no grammar errors. He also could interact with others through those sentences. The challenge is on the way he produces, which is slowly mouth movement. Additionally, we open the gate of future research with pieces of evidence. It was recommended the future research on this study might be conducted in a quantitative method with more adult language learners involved.

Manifestaciones de comportamientos en niños antes, durante y después del proceso de adaptación en la iniciación deportiva de la natación

En la presente investigación se mencionará las manifestaciones de comportamientos en niños antes, durante y después del proceso de adaptación, en la iniciación deportiva en Natación, se buscó información en distintos repositorios y fuentes académicas confiables para lograr determinar conceptos como iniciación deportiva en Natación, generalidades, desarrollo de independencia y autonomía en niños de 5 años, desarrollo de la autoconfianza, beneficios de la natación, estimulación temprana, Teoría Behaviorista, adaptación al medio acuático y tipos de comportamiento de los niños en la natación. PALABRA CLAVE: iniciación deportiva; natación; adaptación; método socializador. Manifestations of behavior in children, before, during and after the adaptation process in the sports inciation of swimming ABSTRACT In this research, the manifestations of behaviors in children will be mentioned before, during and after the adaptation process, in the sports initiation in Swimming, information was sought in different repositories and reliable academic sources to determine concepts such as sports initiation in Swimming, generalities, development of independence and autonomy, development of self-confidence, benefits of swimming, early stimulation, Behaviorist Theory, adaptation to the aquatic environment and types of behavior of children in swimming. KEYWORDS: sports initiation; swimming; adaptation; socializing method.

Is Specialized Training a Basic Necessity for Special Students Teaching?

Every individual irrespective of their profession, requires requisite training to enable them to do a particular job with reasonable accuracy, achieving desired results. Mid-school is the stage between primary basic education and the tertiary level and in Kenya it is referred to as secondary education that is evaluated with a national examination (KCSE) at the end of the four years. Teachers’ role in a students’ performance cannot be underestimated where students with or without disabilities are subjected to the same national examinations. Performance in the national special schools in Kenya does not compare favorably with that of ordinary national schools irrespective of same caliber of teachers in both. This necessitated an empirical inquiry into whether there is need for extra training for teachers in special schools. The study sought to establish the influence of teacher training on the performance of special schools in Kenya. The performance of a school is measured based on the overall mean attained in KSCE examinations. The study focused on the national schools that are in the category of special schools in Kenya. The study is anchored on Behaviorist theory which states that learning is a function of change in overt behavior. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out where data was collected using a self-administered semi structured questionnaire. Study findings indicate that 76.6% of variation in performance is predicted by training implying that relevant training of teachers in special schools is critical in achieving the expected learning outcomes with quality grades in KCSE that are pivotal in determining learners’ career paths. The study recommends creating an enabling environment and support to teachers willing to pursue training in special education. Further research should be done to determine how the subsector can be adequately funded both for initial and on-the-job special teacher training for special needs schools.

English for Students in Faculty of Economic Studies IAIN Curup

Since the issue upon ASEAN as a single market and production base becomes tangible, people in business field are encouraged to compete with others. According to this, the working competition will be very tight. In finding a job, they will not only compete with people in their countries but also in South East Asia. Therefore, a good communicative skill in English is needed to broad their networking and knowledge. The issue does not only affect businessmen, but also other people from other fields regarding business, for instance, education. In this case, students from economic major should prepare themselves to face the competition. Thus, the present paper aims to discuss a new curriculum design for students in faculty of economic studies in IAIN Curup through conducting R and D. The writers believe that students are better taught using PPP method which is one of the methods in Audio-lingual approach. This approach derives from behaviorist theory in which students are deductively taught English since they have low level of English proficiency. The design also generates a module which is especially designed for students in faculty of economic studies in IAIN Curup. The curriculum are in the form of syllabus employs PPP method which uses communicative function as the orientation.Keywords: R and D, Audio-lingual, behaviorist, PPP, and ESP

Hypermedia-Based E-Book

<span class="ShortAbstract"><em><span>E-book is a digital form of printed book which includes digital information in the form of text, image, audio and video. Hypermedia-based e-book is a digital book with text, image, audio, video and animation where these multimedia components are connected. Thus it enables someone to access information provided from different places quickly. In order to develop hypermedia-based E-book, some learning theories can be taken into consideration such as behaviorist theory, cognitive theory, constructivist theory and system learning approach. The advantages of hypermedia-based e-book are (1) enabling students to work on assignment individually or in group, (2) monitoring learning progress, (3) attractive size and composition, (4) the content can be customized to suit the learner’s context, (5) learners can be active in constructing the content, (6) mental involvement and higher-order thinking process development, (7)the content of E-book is relevant with the learner’s prior knowledge, (8) the content enables the learners to work together to comprehend the information, (9) teachers can be supervisors, (10) the questions are challenging and realistic for learners, (11) learners can interact with E-book. Besides, E-book also possesses some disadvantages such as (1) special skills to make and design hypermedia-based E-book, (2) special tools needed to access E-book, (3) for inexperienced user, accessing E-book can be quite difficult.</span></em></span>