An Analysis of the 4th Movement of György Ligeti’s Musica Ricercata based on Information Theory and Number Partitioning

In this paper we present a mathematically oriented analysis of the 4th Movement of György Ligeti’s Musica Ricercata (MR). The pitch analysis is based on Theory of Information and rhythm is analyzed through the Theory of Partitions of integer numbers. After a brief historical review of Musica Ricercata and its structure we make an analysis of the pitch distribution along the whole MR4 score, as well the Left and Right hand separately, through Theory of Information. We calculate two Information measures, namely, the Shannon’s Entropy and the Kullback-Leibler Divergence for the three cases. In the second part, about rhythm, we introduce a simple notation for coding rhythm patterns in terms of partitions of an integer number. We show that, with few exceptions, Ligeti used the partitions of number 6 to get rhythm variations on the Right hand against the ostinato on the Left one. In addition, we show the usefulness of the so called Hasse Diagram as a pre-compositional device to generate rhythm patterns.

Pengaruh Perubahan Pitch dan Formant Terhadap Hasil Identifikasi Kepemilikan Suara Dengan Metode Audio Forensik

Audio forensics is a field of science that analyzes audio such as sound recordings. Voice recordings always have information in the form of frequency characteristics, the identities of these frequencies can be identified. Furthermore, an analysis of changes in pitch and formant will be carried out. This study used pitch analysis and analysis of variance on formants. With the correct procedure for handling recorded sound evidence which is then followed by procedural examination and analysis, it is hoped that the results of the voice recognition examination can scientifically show the ownership of the voice in the recording. Based on the results of the overall analysis of the sound recordings of evidence and comparison after carrying out various stages of analysis, the voice recordings are "not identical" from the same person. The thing that causes the inequality in voice identification is the difference in intonation or tone of the subject's speech when the voice is recorded.

Effects of Three Common Choral Configurations on Acoustic and Perceptual Measures of a Soprano Section’s Sound

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of three choral configurations on a soprano section’s sound. The first configuration resembled a choir section without an assigned standing position, the second configuration grouped singers by timbre, and the third used acoustic-compatibility placement. Three conductors configured a university soprano section ( N = 13) who were audio-recorded singing in each configuration and answered questions about their perceptions. Audio recordings were analyzed acoustically using long-term average spectra and perceptually through pitch analysis and listener perceptions. Results indicated that participants sang with significantly increased spectral energy in the acoustic-compatibility configuration ( p < .001), and both singer and listener participants preferred intentional standing configurations over the random standing configuration. Findings from this study suggest that choral directors can use intentional configurations in conjunction with 2 ft intersinger spacing to improve singer comfort and overall sound.

Signal periodicity detection using Ramanujan subspace projection

Signal periodic decomposition and periodic estimation are two crucial problems in the signal processing domain. Due to its significance, the applications have been extended to fields like periodic sequence analysis of biomolecules, stock market predictions, speech signal processing, and musical pitch analysis. The recently proposed Ramanujan sums (RS) based transforms are very useful in analysing the periodicity of signals. This paper proposes a method for periodicity detection of signals with multiple periods based on autocorrelation and Ramanujan subspace projection with low computational complexity. The proposed method is compared with other signal periodicity detection methods and the results show that the proposed method detects the signal period correctly in less time.

Challenging Misogyny on and off the Pitch: Analysis of Selected Sports Movies

Purpose: The present study is an attempt to analyze selected sports movies with reference to discrimination and misogyny against sportswomen. The aim is to explore how Indian sportswomen face misogyny and discrimination in sport institutions and society at large. Approach/Methodology/Design: The study is based on thematic analysis to destabilize the notion that sports are the sole realm of men alone. Feminist film theory is also used in the analysis of the movies. Two movies were selected; Chak de! India (2007) and Dil bole Hadippa! (2009). Findings: The results of the analysis indicate that these movies despite having their own drawbacks exhort that society cannot deny women equal rights of participation and opportunity in sports. Both of the movies project their protagonists struggling to achieve success in sports. It is revealed that despite the progress that has been achieved in sports, misogyny is deep-rooted in sport institutions. Practical Implications: The paper throws light on various types of barriers, socio-cultural, biological and psychological, which women players have to cross, in addition to dealing with a bizarre and weird kind of treatment which their male counterparts do not normally confront. It depicts how family pressures and restrictions, cultural inhibitions, lack of support and biased attitude of society can ultimately thwart the ambitions of women players. Originality/value: The paper suggests that sports can be used as an effective tool for women empowerment. As part of the feminist inquiry, the attempt here is to expose the inequalities and discrimination against sportswomen.

Effects of Three Common Choral Performance Movement Conditions on Acoustic and Perceptual Measures of Choral Sound

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of three commonly observed choral singer performance conditions (no movement, slight swaying, full-body swaying) on acoustic and perceptual measures of choral sound. We audio recorded an established university choir ( N = 29 singers) performing a memorized piece while viewing the same conductor video and participating in one of the three performance conditions. We analyzed data through long-term average spectrum (LTAS), overall pitch deviation, and singer and listener (singer-listeners, expert-listeners) perceptions. LTAS results showed significant differences ( p < .001) in spectral energy between all three conditions. The full-body swaying condition averaged a noticeable difference of 2.50 dB across the spectrum when compared to the other two conditions. Pitch analysis indicated the least overall pitch deviation during the slight swaying condition (−27.67 cents) and the most pitch deviation during the no-movement condition (−58.31 cents). Results indicated singer and singer-listener preferences for the full-body swaying condition and expert-listener preferences for the slight swaying condition. We discuss results in terms of future research and practical application for choral music educators.