scholarly journals Immobilized enzymes: a comprehensive review

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafiq Khan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Engineering ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Engineering Conference ◽  
Proposed Modification

Abstract Background This article is a comprehensive review of the events recorded in the history of enzymology from twentieth century to the recent work of author’s groups on different biochemical aspects of the immobilized enzymes. The review differs from those presented before on the basis that it is not limited to one or few aspects. It extends its spectrum to a large number of aspects from the definition to biomedical applications of immobilized enzymes. Main body The author and his associates have proposed modification of classification of immobilized enzymes by Enzyme Engineering Conference 1971. His groups have worked on cell bound proteases of medicinal seeds and have given them the name of “naturally immobilized enzymes”. Thus, the author proposes that the enzymes may be basically classified into “naturally immobilized enzymes” and “artificially immobilized enzymes”. The artificially immobilized enzymes may be further sub-classified as done in 1971. Conclusion The classification suggested above sounds logical and thus acceptable to the author and his associates. The author and his associates also suggest some applications on the basis of their results on naturally immobilized enzymes.

scholarly journals Current and future role of immobilized enzymes in medical field

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafiq Khan
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Current Century ◽  
History Of

Although the history of immobilized enzymes and their applications in different fields are traced back to the second half of the twentieth century, their importance in bioreactors and biosensors highlighted at the turn of the current century is under active consideration in these days for broad-spectrum applications in different medical fields. Thus, this article presents a review of the literature concerning the current and future role of the immobilized enzymes in different medical fields. As the author and his supervised research groups have also been actively involved in research on immobilized enzymes, he has also made some input with a recommendation to revise the current classification of immobilized enzymes basically into “Naturally Immobilized” and “Artificially Immobilized Enzymes”, keeping the sub-classification intact. He has also suggested the development of some medical products based on the results of his research groups.

The History of Scottish Theology, Volume III

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
International Team ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

A three-volume work, The History of Scottish Theology surveys in diachronic perspective the theologies that have flourished in Scotland from early monasticism until the end of the twentieth century. Written by an international team of specialists, these volumes provide the most comprehensive review yet of the theological movements, figures, and themes that have shaped Scottish culture and exercised a significant influence in other parts of the world. Particular attention is given to different traditions and to the dispersion of Scottish theology through exile, migration, and missionary activity. Volume I covers the period from the appearance of Christianity around the time of Columba to the era of Reformed Orthodoxy in the seventeenth century. Volume II begins with the early Enlightenment and concludes with late Victorian Scotland. In Volume III, the ‘long twentieth century’ is examined with reference to changes in Scottish church life and society.

scholarly journals When natives became Africans: A historical sociolinguistic study of semantic change in colonial discourse

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Susan Fitzmaurice
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Colonial

AbstractThe word native is a key term in nineteenth-century British colonial administrative vocabulary. The question is how it comes to be central to the classification of indigenous subjects in Britain’s southern African possessions in the early twentieth century, and how the word is appropriated by colonial citizens to designate the race of indigenous subjects. To answer the question, I construct a semasiological history of native as a word that has to do with the identification of a person with a place by birth, by residence or by citizenship. I track the manner in which speakers invest old words with new meanings in specific settings and differentiate among them in different domains. In the case of native, a signal keyword is recruited to do particular work in several contemporaneous discourses which take different ideological directions as the nature of the involvement of their speakers changes. The result is a particularly complicated word history, and one which offers a clue to the ways in which colonial rhetoric is domesticated in specific settings at the very same time as the colonising power eschews it in the process of divesting itself of its colonies.

From Buddhist Icons to National Antiquities: Cultural Nationalism and Colonial Knowledge in the Making of Thailand's History of Art

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1520-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURIZIO PELEGGI
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Art History ◽  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
Close Linkage ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ideological Context ◽  
Canonical Status

AbstractIn the mid 1920s Prince Damrong Rajanubhab and George Coedès jointly formulated the stylistic classification of Thailand's antiquities that was employed to reorganize the collection of the Bangkok Museum and has since acquired canonical status. The reorganization of the Bangkok Museum as a ‘national’ institution in the final years of royal absolutism responded to increasing international interest in the history and ancient art of Southeast Asia, but represented also the culmination of several decades of local antiquarian pursuits. This paper traces the origins of the art history of Thailand to the intellectual and ideological context of the turn of the twentieth century and examines its parallelism to colonial projects of knowledge that postulated a close linkage between race, ancestral territory and nationhood.

Chronologies of the Early Twentieth Century

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Glacial Epoch ◽  
History Of

Dr Allen Sturge spelled out some of the problems facing researchers who worked on the British Palaeolithic in his first Presidential Address to the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia. For the Drift period, the main task was ‘to ascertain the relative ages of the humanly-worked stones, and the number of the periods concerned’.1 In 1908, when Sturge made this suggestion, he was troubled by suspicions that the French divisions—Chellean, Acheulian, and Mousterian—were too broad to encompass the variety of British tools. He called on the younger school of geologists to help solve the dificulty. A few elderly Wgures, familiar from previous chapters, would accompany Sturge’s younger school of geologists as they worked on various sequences that could give a date to the stone tools of Britain. James Geikie published The Antiquity of Man in Europe in 1914, still defending his sequence of interglacials. 2 Harmer was inspired to take up the glacial researches of his old friend Wood as the twentieth century dawned. The refiection left by the Glacial epoch in East Anglia also led the young geologist Percy Boswell (1886–1960) to consider the connections between boulder clays and Palaeolithic industries. Dawkins continued to promote his classification of Quaternary mammals and to attack Geikie’s views, but two newcomers took a different approach to the palaeontological sequence. Martin A. C. Hinton and Alfred Santer Kennard used the bones of smaller mammals and the shells of molluscs to reconstruct the geological history of the Thames Valley. They maintained the traditional antagonism of palaeontologists towards the theories of glacial geologists by suggesting controversial links between the river drifts and the glacial sequence.3 Meanwhile, Warren, the eolith sceptic, developed his own opinions about the British Palaeolithic sequence and its place in geological time as he worked on Palaeolithic sites around Essex. Several different answers to Sturge’s question about the relative ages of stone tools would be extracted with the help of these sequences of glacial deposits, bones and shells, and river sediments.

scholarly journals On the History of the Soviet Byzantine Studies: The Correspondence of M. Ja. Sjuzjumov to Z. V. Udal’tsova

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 318-392
Author(s):  
Tatiana Viktorovna Kushch ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Body ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This publication comprised the letters of Mikhail Jakovlevich Sjuzjumov, the founder of the Ural school of Byzantine Studies, to Zinaida Vladimirovna Udal’tsova, the head of the Soviet Byzantinology, with appropriate comments. The traces of their long-lasting epistolary communication reside in the Russian Academy of Sciences Archive and the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk Region as 55 letters by M. Ja. Sjuzjumov and 6 letters by Z. V. Udal’tsova. This almost 30-year-long correspondence enabled the Ural scholar to keep abreast of all what happened in the Soviet Byzantinology and to deal efficiently with organisational matters. The correspondence in question covered various topics related to Sjuzjumov’s scholarly and educational works: the organization of the defence of his doctoral dissertation, the preparation and publication of his articles and books, the discussion of his published academic works, the organization of conferences and his participation in them, the work in the editorial boards of Vizantiiskii Vremennik and collective volumes of the History of Byzantium, relations with colleagues, patronage of students, current university matters, etc. These letters also uncover Sjuzjumov’s concept of the genesis of feudalism and his position related to some disputable issues of the Byzantine and Mediaeval Studies. The publication of the main body of correspondence of the two twentieth-century Byzantologists sheds additional light on many pages in the history of Soviet Byzantine studies.

scholarly journals PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE CLASSIFICATION: CLASSIFICATION THEORY POSTSTRUCTURALISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Сергей Александрович Гашков
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Problem ◽  
Classification Theory ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Knowledge Classification

В статье ставится вопрос о классификации знания как философской проблеме, и сопоставляются некоторые подходы, имеющие место в философии науки (Кедров, Мейен) с подходами, распространёнными во французской эпистемологии (Гобло, Мейерсон, Кангийем), и особенно «постструктурализме» второй половины ХХ в. (Барт, Деррида, Делёз, Лакан, Фуко, Касториадис). Автор приходит к выводу, что классификация в истории философии присутствует в нескольких связанных друг с другом смыслах: классификации наук, критического концепта «классификации» и классификации (периодизации) самой философской мысли. The article raises the question of the classification of knowledge as a philosophical problem, and compares some of the approaches that take place in the philosophy of science (Kedrov, Meyen) with the approaches prevalent in French epistemology (Goblot, Meyerson, Canguilhem), and especially «poststructuralism@ of the second half of the twentieth century (Barthes, Derrida, Deleuze, Lacan, Foucault, Castoriadis). The author comes to the conclusion that the classification in the history of philosophy is present in several interconnected senses: the classification of sciences, the critical concept of «classification» and the classification (periodization) of philosophical thought itself.

To Understand the Informal (on the Book BY V. L. Tambovtsev “Economics of Informal Institutions”)

2015 ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
A. Zaostrovtsev
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Classification

The review considers the first attempt in the history of Russian economic thought to give a detailed analysis of informal institutions (IF). It recognizes that in general it was successful: the reader gets acquainted with the original classification of institutions (including informal ones) and their genesis. According to the reviewer the best achievement of the author is his interdisciplinary approach to the study of problems and, moreover, his bias on the achievements of social psychology because the model of human behavior in the economic mainstream is rather primitive. The book makes evident that namely this model limits the ability of economists to analyze IF. The reviewer also shares the author’s position that in the analysis of the IF genesis the economists should highlight the uncertainty and reject economic determinism. Further discussion of IF is hardly possible without referring to this book.

Hard Objects in George Oppen's Discrete Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-517
Author(s):  
Ned Hercock
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Discrete Series ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
John Ruskin ◽  
Gerard Manley Hopkins ◽  
Marcel Duchamp ◽  
The World ◽  
Production History ◽  
History Of

This essay examines the objects in George Oppen's Discrete Series (1934). It considers their primary property to be their hardness – many of them have distinctively uniform and impenetrable surfaces. This hardness and uniformity is contrasted with 19th century organicism (Gerard Manley Hopkins and John Ruskin). Taking my cue from Kirsten Blythe Painter I show how in their work with hard objects these poems participate within a wider cultural and philosophical turn towards hardness in the early twentieth century (Marcel Duchamp, Adolf Loos, Ludwig Wittgenstein and others). I describe the thinking these poems do with regard to industrialization and to human experience of a resolutely object world – I argue that the presentation of these objects bears witness to the production history of the type of objects which in this era are becoming preponderant in parts of the world. Finally, I suggest that the objects’ impenetrability offers a kind of anti-aesthetic relief: perception without conception. If ‘philosophy recognizes the Concept in everything’ it is still possible, these poems show, to experience resistance to this imperious process of conceptualization. Within thinking objects (poems) these are objects which do not think.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document