Research on Deep-Site Failure Mechanism of High-Steep Slope under Active Fault Creeping Dislocation

The reverse thrust in the deep site causes the upward propagation of stress and displacement in the overlying soil. The displacement field around the fault zone is maximum. As the spatial location becomes shallower, the soil displacement gradually becomes smaller. The deformation of the overlying soil is mainly affected by the vertical dislocation of the fracture zone. The monitoring curve showed no abrupt change value, indicating that the top surface of soil did not rupture, and only the influence of fault on the displacement transfer of the top surface of the soil. When a creeping dislocation occurs in the bottom fracture zone, the maximum principal stress of the upper boundary of the deep site is dominated by compressive stress. The maximum principal stress of the soil on both sides of the fracture zone has a maximum value, and the soil on the right side of the fracture zone has a significant compression effect. The maximum principal stress monitoring curve varies greatly, indicating the plastic failure development of soil, which is the same as the research results of the plastic failure zone in the following paper. When the bottom fracture zone starts to move, the plastic zone first appears at the junction area between the front end of the bottom fracture zone and the overlying soil. As the amount of dislocation of the fracture zone increases, the plastic zone continues to extend into the inner soil. The left and right sides of the fracture zone show tensile failure and compression failure, respectively. The development of the upper envelope curve in the plastic zone of the overlying soil satisfies the Boltzmann equation with a first-order exponential growth, while the development of the lower envelope curve satisfies the Gauss equation with a second-order exponential growth. The development curve equation of the plastic zone is verified according to the residual figures of the fitting result and the correlation parameters.

Bojongmanik Formation Sedimentation Mechanism in the Middle to Late Miocene (N9-N17) in the Rangkasbitung Basin

The Rangkasbitung Basin, is a part of Banten Depression which was formed by a normal fault, and then fi lled by marine deposits. This research carried out to understand the sedimentation process of Middle Miocene Bojongmanik deposits, the age, paleoenvironment and lithology (sediment sequence). In this research, 55 samples were taken from the study area, approximately 595 km2. Measurement of the stratigraphic section is carried out to determine the correlation both vertically and horizontally. The residue of dissolving peroxide method was carried out during the samples preparation. Then genus and species of planktonic and benthonic foraminifera were identifi ed and determined. The foraminifera analysis guide has been used to determine the age and depositional environment. The sequences of Bojongmanik Formation were deposited in Middle to Upper Miocene (N9 to N17). Based on the planktonic foraminifera distribution, the succession of each sequence can be correlated. During Middle Miocene (N9 - N12), the lowest part of Bojongmanik Formation is deposited at 100m-200m and 100m-80m depth, while in the other site, the correlated sequence is recorded that deposited at 80m-20m depth (outer to edge of inner neritic facies). In late Middle Miocene (N13 - N14), the regression process was happened. Almost the succession was deposited on land, while in deep site, a less part of sediments was formed as land facies but the most of it deposited as marine facies. In Upper Miocene (N 15 - N 17), the sedimentation continued in the transitional to edge neritic in back mangrove to mangrove environmental setting (upper to lower delta plain), and in other sites the sediment is no longer formed. Based on distribution of benthonic foraminifera there are observed the biofacies changes laterally. In bathymetric of depositional environment maps it can be depicted two higher paleoenvironmental sites (Cigudeg and Muncang highs) and two lower sites (Leuwiliang and Jasinga basins).

On the Efficiency and Equilibria of Rich Ads

Search ads have evolved in recent years from simple text formats to rich ads that allow deep site links, rating, images and videos. In this paper, we consider a model where several slots are available on the search results page, as in the classic generalized second-price auction (GSP), but now a bidder can be allocated several consecutive slots, which are interpreted as a rich ad. As in the GSP, each bidder submits a bid-per-click, but the click-through rate (CTR) function is generalized from a simple CTR for each slot to a general CTR function over sets of consecutive slots. We study allocation and pricing in this model under subadditive and fractionally subadditive CTRs. We design and analyze a constant-factor approximation algorithm for the efficient allocation problem under fractionally subadditive CTRs, and a log-approximation algorithm for the subadditive case. Building on these results, we show that approximate competitive equilibrium prices exist and can be computed for subadditive and fractionally subadditive CTRs, with the same guarantees as for allocation.

Carbon processing by the benthic ecosystem and benthic C fixation in methane-rich sediments on the South Georgia margin

As bottom water warms, destabilisation of gas hydrates may increase the extent of methane-rich sediments. The authors present an assessment of organic carbon processing by the benthic community in methane-rich sediments, including one of the first investigations of inorganic C fixation in a non-hydrothermal vent setting. This topic was previously poorly studied, and there is much need to fill the gaps in knowledge of such ecosystems. The authors hypothesized that benthic C fixation would occur, and that a high biomass macrofaunal community would play a substantial role in organic C cycling. Experiments were conducted at a 257 m deep site off South Georgia. Sediment cores were amended with13C and15N labelled algal detritus, or13C labelled bicarbonate solution. In the bicarbonate experiment, labelling of bacteria-specific phospholipid fatty acids provided direct evidence of benthic C fixation, with transfer of fixed C to macrofauna and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In the algae experiment, macrofauna played an active role in organic carbon cycling. Compared to similar experiments, low temperature supressed the rates of community respiration and macrofaunal C uptake. While benthic C fixation occurred, the biological processing of organic carbon was dominantly controlled by low temperature and high photic zone productivity.

STRAW (STRings for Absorption length in Water): pathfinder for a neutrino telescope in the deep Pacific Ocean

Recently, an opportunity for a pathfinder mission towards a new neutrino telescope appeared in the Pacific Ocean. An existing deep-sea electrooptical infrastructure maintained by Ocean Networks Canada could pose as the base towards a potential new large-volume neutrino telescope. Two groups from Technical University Munich and the University of Alberta pursued the optical characterization of the 2.6 km deep site calledCascada Basinwithin the scope of the “Strings for Absorption length in Water” (STRAW) project. We present a summary of the 1-year construction timeline, impressions of the detector performance and first results.

Bait-attending amphipods of the Tonga Trench and depth-stratified population structure in the scavenging amphipod Hirondellea dubia Dahl, 1959

Background The hadal zone encompasses the deepest parts of the world’s ocean trenches from depths of ∼6,000–11,000 m. The communities observed at these depths are dominated by scavenging amphipods that rapidly intercept and consume carrion as it falls to the deepest parts of the trenches. New samples collected in the Tonga Trench provide an opportunity to compare the amphipod assemblages and the population structure of a dominant species, Hirondellea dubia Dahl, 1959, between trenches and with earlier data presented for the Tonga Trench, and other trenches in the South Pacific. Methods Over 3,600 individual scavenging amphipods across 10 species were collected in seven baited traps at two sites; in the Horizon Deep site, the deepest part of the Tonga Trench (10,800 m) and a site directly up-slope at the trench edge (6,250 m). The composition of the bait-attending amphipods is described and a morphometric analysis of H. dubia examines the bathymetric distribution of the different life stages encountered. Results The amphipod assemblage was more diverse than previously reported, seven species were recorded for the first time from the Tonga Trench. The species diversity was highest at the shallower depth, with H. dubia the only species captured at the deepest site. At the same time, the abundance of amphipods collected at 10,800 m was around sevenfold higher than at the shallower site. H. dubia showed clear ontogenetic vertical structuring, with juveniles dominant at the shallow site and adults dominant at the deep site. The amphipods of the deeper site were always larger at comparable life stage. Discussion The numbers of species encountered in the Tonga Trench is less than reported from the New Hebrides and Kermadec trenches, and six species encountered are shared across trenches. These findings support the previous suggestion that the fauna of the New Hebrides, Tonga and Kermadec Trenches may represent a single biogeographic province. The ontogenetic shift in H. dubia between the two Tonga Trench sites supports the hypothesis of interspecific competition at the shallower bathymetric range of the species, and the presence of competitive physiological advantages that allow the adults at the trench axis to exploit the more labile organic material that reaches the bottom of the trench.

The Foundation Pit Deep Site Ground State Design Modelling

Numerical modelling of the ground, based on the application of the MIDAS GTX NX multifunctional software complex has been carried out by constructing a computational model with analysis of physical and mechanical properties and nonlinear behaviour of engineering-geological elements.

Anatomical repair for Kommerell diverticulum with deep site in-situ fenestration

An 83-year-old woman with a Kommerell diverticulum was treated by anatomical endovascular repair with a deep site in-situ fenestration instead of complex debranching techniques. The main component of the thoracic stent-graft was deployed just distal to the third cervical branch to completely exclude the Kommerell diverticulum. A deep site in-situ fenestration was made on the main component using a radiofrequency needle through the left subclavian artery, and a stent-graft was deployed to bridge the main component to the left subclavian artery. Six months postoperatively, the Kommerell diverticulum was completely excluded with excellent left subclavian artery patency.