Evaluation of Suitable IPM Module for Management of YMV Disease in Mungbean under West Central Table Land Zone of Odisha

Background: YMV disease in mungbean is one of the major disease causing heavy losses annually throughout the country. As the disease is transmitted by insect vector, management of vector is important to check the YMV disease that can minimise the losses. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate different IPM modules for management of YMV disease of mungbean. Methods: Field experiments were carried out during Rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at the Research Farm of Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Chiplima, Sambalpur, Odisha, India. Population of whitefly was recorded on three leaves selected from top, middle and bottom canopy of the plant. Disease severity was recorded by using 0-9 scale. Result: The IPM module i.e. seed treatment with Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 5 gm kg-1 of seed, installation of yellow sticky trap @ 50 ha-1 and spraying of Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 0.3 gm l-1 of water was found as the most effective among all other modules. Pooled analysis of two years data revealed that 65.5% YMV disease control and 59.3% reduction of white fly population over control were performed by the said IPM module. A maximum increase in yield (84.8%) and highest cost benefit ratio (1.77) were also achieved with the module.

Population Abundance of Flies Collected in Different Traps in Small Ruminants in Ladang Pasir Akar, Besut, Terengganu

Flies are common ectoparasites to livestock. Some species of flies are important to small ruminants because they can spread disease and cause disturbance to animals, thus lowering their productivity. Considering the impact of flies to the productivity of small ruminants, it is important to identify the species of flies that occur in an area for early control actions. The study was aimed to determine the species of flies in Diptera family that occur in Ladang UniSZA Pasir Akar and their population abundance. The flies were collected using three types of traps: Malaise trap, yellow pan trap and yellow sticky trap for three consecutive weeks. The traps were set up in three different locations in small ruminants rearing area in the farm. Nine Diptera families significant to livestock were identified: Calliphoridae, Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae, Muscidae, Psychodidae, Rhiniidae, Sarcophagidae, Simuliidae and Tabanidae. The family Sarcophagidae recorded the highest abundance in the farm (26.57%), while the lowest of flies count was from the family Tabanidae (0.82%). The most diverse family of Diptera was collected by Malaise trap and the lowest diversity was recorded from yellow pan trap. The results from this study had provided the first insight of the flies important to small ruminants occurred in this farm.

An Enhanced Insect Pest Counter Based on Saliency Map and Improved Non-Maximum Suppression

Accurately counting the number of insect pests from digital images captured on yellow sticky traps remains a challenge in the field of insect pest monitoring. In this study, we develop a new approach to counting the number of insect pests using a saliency map and improved non-maximum suppression. Specifically, as the background of a yellow sticky trap is simple and the insect pest object is small, we exploit a saliency map to construct a region proposal generator including saliency map building, activation region formation, background–foreground classifier, and tune-up boxes involved in region proposal generation. For each region proposal, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is used to classify it as a specific insect pest class, resulting in detection bounding boxes. By considering the relationship between detection bounding boxes, we thus develop an improved non-maximum suppression to sophisticatedly handle the redundant detection bounding boxes and obtain the insect pest number through counting the handled detection bounding boxes, each of which covers one insect pest. As this insect pest counter may miscount insect pests that are close to each other, we further integrate the widely used Faster R-CNN with the mentioned insect pest counter to construct a dual-path network. Extensive experimental simulations show that the two proposed insect pest counters achieve significant improvement in terms of F1 score against the state-of-the-art object detectors as well as insect pest detection methods.

Diversity of Hemipteran families at Agri-biodiversity park, Hyderabad, India

The diversity and abundance of Hemipteran families at Agri-biodiversity park of Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India was studied from September 2019 to January 2020. A total of 12,575 individuals under 22 families of Hemiptera were recorded by using five different collection methods viz. pitfall trap, yellow pan trap, manual collection, light trap and yellow sticky trap. Family Cicadellidae was found to be the most abundant family (RA=32.70%), followed by Aleyrodidae (RA=12.47%) and Delphacidae (RA=12.30%), while Eurybrachidae (RA=0.10%), Flatidae (RA=0.10%) and Scutelleridae (RA=0.11%) were the least abundant families. Among the five different collection methods, light trap recorded the maximum number of individuals (6010) followed by yellow sticky trap (3815) whereas, manual collection method (313) recorded the least number of individuals. The Shannon-Weiner diversity Index, Margalef’s species richness index and Pielou’s evenness index for the Hemipteran fauna of the study area were 2.252, 2.225 and 0.728 respectively.

A Motor-Driven and Computer Vision-Based Intelligent E-Trap for Monitoring Citrus Flies

Citrus flies are important quarantine pests in citrus plantations. Electronic traps (e-traps) based on computer vision are the most popular types of equipment for monitoring them. However, most current e-traps are inefficient and unreliable due to requiring manual operations and lack of reliable detection and identification algorithms of citrus fly images. To address these problems, this paper presents a monitoring scheme based on automatic e-traps and novel recognition algorithms. In this scheme, the prototype of an automatic motor-driven e-trap is firstly designed based on a yellow sticky trap. A motor autocontrol algorithm based on Local Binary Pattern (LBP) image analysis is proposed to automatically replace attractants in the e-trap for long-acting work. Furthermore, for efficient and reliable statistics of captured citrus flies, based on the differences between two successive sampling images of the e-trap, a simple and effective detection algorithm is presented to continuously detect the newly captured citrus flies from the collected images of the e-trap. Moreover, a Multi-Attention and Multi-Part convolutional neural Network (MAMPNet) is proposed to exploit discriminative local features of citrus fly images to recognize the citrus flies in the images. Finally, extensive simulation experiments validate the feasibility and efficiency of the designed e-trap prototype and its autocontrol algorithm, as well as the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed detection and recognition algorithms for citrus flies.

PKM Penanggulangan Hama Kutu Kebul Pada Cabai Rawit Menggunakan Perangkap Likat Kuning di Desa Ayuhula Kabupaten Gorontalo

Hama kutu kebul merupakan salah satu persoalan yang cukup sering terjadi di Kabupaten Gorontalo. Minimnya pengetahuan petani cabai rawit mengenai hama kutu kebul merupakan salah satu sebab banyaknya hama kutu kebul yang menyerang tanaman cabai rawit maupun hortikultura lainnya. Fokus utama kegiatan ini adalah menjawab persoalan kutu kebul pada cabai rawit melalui pemantauan secara partisipatif melalui pendekatan citizen science. Tujuannya adalah untuk meningkatkan skill dan pengetahuan petani mengenai pemantauan, pencegahan, serta pengendalian hama kutu kebul pada cabai rawit. Kegiatan ini menggabungkan dua aspek, dimana aspek pertama adalah kegiatan peningkatan kemampuan petani dalam pemantauan, pencegahan, dan pengendalian hama kutu kebul, dan aspek kedua yaitu pemantauan partisipatif berbasis citizen science. Kegiatan ini terlaksana dalam bentuk pelatihan tiga sesi, dimana sesi-1 yaitu mengenai pengenalan hama kutu kebul termasuk ciri-ciri serta penanggulangannya. Lalu pada sesi-2, yaitu praktek pembuatan dan pemasangan alat perangkap yellow sticky trap, dimana petani mempelajari cara membuat perangkap hama kutu kebul. Kemudian pada sesi-3, peserta belajar mengenai prosedur field work, yakni pengamatan, pencatatan, serta input data. Kegiatan ini memberikan pemahaman kepada petani mengenai pentingnya penggunaan perangkap kuning, serta keterampilan kepada petani agar dapat membuat dan menggunakan perangkap kuning sehingga mengurangi serangan hama. Sebelum kegiatan, petani belum mengetahui bahwa mereka dapat membuat sendiri perangkap sederhana dengan menggunakan bahan yang mudah ditemukan disekitar dan memberikan dampak yang baik bagi tanaman mereka. Setelah kegiatan ini, petani menyadari pentingnya pemantauan hama dan juga memahami cara pembuatan perangkap untuk menanggulangi hama kutu kebul sehingga hasil panen dapat dimaksimalkan.

DETEKSI SERANGGA HAMA PADA GUDANG PENYIMPANAN BIJI PINANG (Areca catechu) MENGGUNAKAN BEBERAPA METODEPENGAMBILAN SAMPEL

The research aims to detect insect in betel nut storage (Areca catechu) using some sampling methods. The research was conducted by survey method using three sampling methods, namely hand sampling method, yellow sticky trap method, and dome trap method. The parameters observed were types of insect pests found, insect populations obtained, and abundance of pest insect populations. The research was conducted from July to October 2018 in four betel nut storagesin Jambi City and Muaro Jambi District. Insects found in the betel nut storages with three sampling methods were 28 pest species. In the hand sampling method found 16 types of pest insects, in the yellow sticky trap trap method found 21 types of insect pests, and in the dome trap method found 21 types of insect pests. The dominant insects found in the three sampling methods were Ahasverus advena, Araecerus fasciculatus, Callosobruchus spp., Carpophilus dimidiatus, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus, Hypothenemus hampei, Lasioderma serricorne, Lophocateres pusillus, Oryzaephilus mercator, Typhaea stercorea, and Tribolium castaneum.

KEANEKARAGAMAN ARTHROPODA PADA PERTANAMAN MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.) DENGAN SISTEM PHT DAN KONVENSIONAL DI KECAMATAN MANTUP, LAMONGAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengelolaan lahan mentimun dengan PHT dan konvensional terhadap keanekaragaman arthropoda dan intensitas serangan hama Aulacophora similis, serta mengetahui kelayakan usahatani dari dua sistem tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Mantup, Kecamatan Mantup, Kabupaten Lamongan, Jawa Timur. Pengamatan arthropoda dilakukan dengan 3 metode (visual, yellow sticky trap, dan yellow pan trap) dan hasilnya dianalisis menggunakan uji T, kemudian dilakukan perhitungan Indeks keragaman (H’), Indeks Kekayaan Jenis (R), Indeks Kemerataan Jenis (e’) dan Indeks Dominansi (C). Kelayakan usahatani dihitung menggunakan parameter R/C Ratio dan BEP Harga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara jumlah spesies arthropoda yang ditemukan di kedua sistem. Nilai H' pada sistem PHT dan konvensional berada pada kategori sedang. R dan e' memiliki kategori serupa, tinggi pada PHT, tetapi sedang pada sistem konvensional. Pada saat yang sama, nilai C pada kedua sistem tidak menunjukkan dominasi. Hasil intensitas serangan A. similis terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara PHT dan sistem konvensional. R / C Ratio masing-masing menunjukkan 1,38 dan 1,37 pada sistem PHT dan konvensional, sehingga kedua sistem tersebut layak untuk dijalankan. Berdasarkan nilai BEP, harga minimum mentimun kg-1 pada sistem PHT adalah Rp 3.615,97 sedangkan pada sistem konvensional adalah Rp 3.644,94.

INTEGRASI PADI MERAH DAN TERNAK LEMBU MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN DI TAPANULI SELATAN

Sumatera Utara sebagai sumber penghasil beras teridentifikasi kekurangan energi protein, dapat dikendalikan melalui konsumsi beras merah dan daging lembu. Di Sumatera Utara, lahan tanam beras merah diidentifikasi pada 7 Kabupaten, diantaranya adalah Tapanuli Selatan. Penanaman beras merah spesifik lokal terdapat di Desa Tanjung Dolok, Kec.Marancar, Kab.Tapsel, manakala pengelolaan ternak lembu sebagai sumber protein hewani yang potensial di Desa Sijungkang, Kec. Angkola Timur, Kab. Tapsel, Sumatera Utara. Oleh sebab itu, sangat penting dilakukan kegiatan Pengabdian Pengembangan Desa Mitra (PPDM) selama 3 tahun dengan menganalisis kedua faktor (internal dan eksternal), strategi penting, konservasi, pengelolaan pertanian beras merah dan ternak lembu lokal terpadu mendukung ekowisata sebagai upaya menumbuhkembangkan kegiatan ekonomi kreatif. Sistem tani ternak (tanter), salah satu alternatif pemecahan masalah strategis dan efektif dengan keuntungan ekonomi, sosial dan ekologi. Induksi pengetahuan tentang pola tanam tepat guna, Pengendalian Hama Terpadu menggunakan Sweep Net (perangkap jaring), Yellow Sticky Trap (perangkap pelikat kuning), pestisida nabati, dan pakan prebiotik bagi ternak lembu diharapkan meningkatkan produktivitas hasil pertanian dan peternakan. Tanter sebagai sumber pangan protein produktif diharapkan mendukung peningkatan ketahanan pangan di Sumatera Utara.Kata kunci: Integrasi, Beras Merah, Ternak Lembu, Ketahanan Pangan, Sumatera Utara.

Evaluation of the ambrosia beetles traps on Pterocarpus indicus in Indonesia

Tarno H, Setiawan Y, Rahardjo BT, Wang J. 2021. Evaluation of the ambrosia beetles traps on Pterocarpus indicus in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1332-1339. Angsana, Pterocarpus indicus Willd., is a native tree of Southeast Asia. This tree is commonly planted in large numbers as an ornamental or shade plant along the roads, in parks, and in residential areas in Malang and Batu Cities of Indonesia. Ambrosia beetles Euplatypus parallelus (F.) and Treptoplatypus micrurus (Schedl.) have been reported to attack P. indicus trees in Malang and Batu Cities. Therefore, effective traps are required for early detection and monitoring of the spread of ambrosia beetles. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different traps and to investigate the diversity of ambrosia beetles on P. indicus trees in Malang and Batu Cities. This research was conducted along the roads in Malang and Batu Cities using four types of traps: funnel trap, window flight trap, bottle trap, and yellow sticky trap. Eleven ambrosia beetle species were collected in this research. The most abundant species were E. parallelus and Cryphalus laticollis (Browne). The funnel trap was the most effective for capturing ambrosia beetles, whereas the bottle trap was the least effective trap. The funnel trap captured more E. parallelus and C. laticollis individuals than other traps. The ambrosia beetles captured using different traps were categorized as having low diversity. The ambrosia beetles collected from Malang and Batu Cities were categorized as having moderate diversity.