Use of fibre waste as a binder

Introduction. The need for a more efficient and varied use of waste from the pulp and paper industry dictates the need to search for new directions for the use of such waste in construction materials science technologies.Materials and methods. In the studies the fibre waste of the Perm Cardboard LLC company with a moisture content after washing of 300% by weight was used. Currently, many issues of theory and practice the production of materials from the fibre waste are not entirely solved, resulting in a number of provisions borrowed from the theory of the production of concrete mineral aggregates, as well as the production of pulp and paper industry.Results. Due to its chemical and material composition, the possibility of using the fibre waste in construction materials science technologies as an independent air binder is shown. The studies have established that the initial moisture content of the fibre waste as a binder affects the final quality indicators of a dry material. Thus, the lowest dry material density of 350 kg/m3 is observed at the initial humidity of the mixture in the range of 650% by weight. At a density of 350 kg/m3, the hygroscopicity of the material is 4.3%, the shrinkage from 10 to 25%. The drying time of the product is within 11 hours. A leveling high shrinkage is achieved by introducing light aggregates with a rough surface during the molding process.Discussion and conclusions. The obtained data on the structure, the composition of the fibre waste, as well as the dependence and regularities of the behavior of a highly concentrated dispersed system of the ‘fibre waste-water’ type show the possibility of using the fibre waste for the production of thermal insulation materials, both as a main component and in a composition with aggregates as an independent air binder. At the same time, the final density indicators of thermal insulation products are within the limits established by regulatory documents.

A study on comfort properties of oak Tasar silk waste and acrylic blended fabrics

Oak Tasar is wild silk with natural golden brown colour and unique texture available in Himalayan region of India. A lot of fibre waste is generated during hand spinning of oak Tasar silk yarn which can be utilized by blending it with compatible fibre to incorporate the properties of both fibres in the yarn. The present study aimed to develop Oak Tasar silk waste and acrylic blended fabrics and study their comfort properties. The oak Tasar silk and acrylic blended plain weave and twill weave fabrics were prepared with five different blend ratios viz. 100:0, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 0:100. The prepared fabrics were studied for comfort properties like thermal insulation (clo, TIV %), Q-max (warm/cool feeling), air permeability, water vapour transport rate and were statistically analysed. Results revealed that thermal insulation and clo value were found to be increased with increasing acrylic content in the fabric whereas Q- max, air permeability, water vapour permeability values were reduced with the addition of oak Tasar silk fiber in the blend. The 50:50 blended plain weave fabric among the blended fabrics had the highest clo value, i.e. 0.52 and 50:50 blended twill weave fabric had highest Q max value i.e. 0.109W/cm2. It was found from the study that the developed fabrics are comfortable and can be used for light winters.

Sludge Fiber Waste and Kraft Lignin Powder as Fillers in Polylactic Acid Biocomposites: Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties

In this investigation, sludge fibre waste (SFW) and Kraft lignin powder (KLP) are introduced into polylactic acid (PLA) matrix biocomposites. These alternative materials allow for both the reuse of fibre waste from paper mill sludge and a reduction in the amount of high-cost biopolymer used in the same volume. Proportions from 10 to 40 wt.% of SFW with the addition of 2.5% and 5% of KLP are incorporated in PLA by extrusion and injection moulding. The thermogravimetric properties, water absorption, tensile and flexural properties, and morphology of the fabricated biocomposites were investigated. According to the results, KLP contributes to thermically stabilising the loss resulting from the incorporation of SFW. Flexural and tensile tests reveal a more pronounced decrease in strength with an SFW ratio above 10%. The modulus of elasticity increases significantly with an SFW ratio above 20%. The strength properties are stabilised with the addition of 5% KLP. The addition of KLP presents a tendency to reduce water absorption obtained by the incorporation of SFW into biocomposites. Scanning electron micrographs evidence that KLP improves the interfacial adhesion by reducing the voids between fibres and PLA.

Sustainable Approach for Mélange Yarn Manufacturers by Recycling Dyed Fibre Waste

The aim of this paper is to study a sustainable approach of recycling different fibre waste for the mélange yarn industry and to suggest a sustainable strategy of mixing dyed fibre waste for use by yarn supply chain engineers. Fibre waste was added to a Blow room or draw frame and compared in terms of properties. It was found that the mechanical properties of cotton mélange yarn manufactured by adding waste are suitable to be marketed. Various qualitative parameters such as the spun length, tenacity, elongation %, short fibre index (SFI), yarn evenness analysis, nep count analysis and waste assessment were discussed and compared in both kinds of mixing strategies i.e. mixing in the form of flocks in a blow room and in the form of slivers on a draw frame; as followed by the Mélange yarn Industry. The effect of increasing the number of passages on yarn quality was also analysed.

Energy from domestic refuse by enzymatic degradation of cellulosic fibre waste into sugars and ethanol: initial laboratory studies

The search for commercially viable biogenic sources of transport fuel, such as ethanol, is nowa priority among developed countries. Sugar- and starch-containing crops currently supportmature industries producing ethanol by yeast fermentation. The potential of bulk plantmaterials (biomass crops, agricultural wastes and domestic refuse) is enormous, but suchligno-cellulosic compounds are difficult to degrade into simple sugar molecules. In the USAand Canada, commercial development programmes are under way to develop new enzymaticand fermentation technologies and to reduce process costs.We investigated the potential of processed waste material derived from domestic refuse as asource of simple sugars for conversion to ethanol. "Pure" cellulose was almost completelydegraded to reducing sugars by cellulase C0I3L, a mixed enzyme preparation, and byTrichoderma viride cellulase, whereas enzymes from other fungal species performed lesswell. T viride achieved less than I 0% (by weight) conversion of waste material to reducingsugars in 2 hour incubations, whereas C013L cellulase gave sugar yields of up to 35%.Extended incubation times gave little increase in yield. These results support the feedstockpotential of this material. Alternative techniques, such as pre-treatment with ferulic acidesterase to improve the effectiveness of degradation, are discussed.