Data transformations when constructing a composite system quality index

The features of the data distribution can significantly affect the composite characteristics of objects, so composite indexes of objects must necessarily take into account the features of the data. Some types of data are characterized by distributions with a significant anomaly, when the vast majority of observations are concentrated near the boundary values. This type of data cannot always be characterized by an asymmetry coefficient. In addition, if the values of a variable are approximately symmetric with respect to zero or are concentrated near zero, the sample cannot also be characterized by the coefficient of variation. The paper proposes a transformation that allows us to identify the anomalous nature of variables using the signal-to-noise ratio. Variables are evaluated in the standard range, which is shifted to the right relative to zero. If it is necessary to logarithm, such a transformation will avoid the pressure of small values of variables that, after direct logarithm, would have large negative values. The application of logarithmic correction for the detected anomalous variables redistributes the values of the obtained weighting coefficients in the direction of a more correct interpretation and, in particular, solves the problem with the negativity of the weighting coefficients.

A simple, effective distance and density based outlier detection algorithm

Outliers are eccentric data points with anomalous nature. Clustering with outliers has received a lot of attention in the data processing community. But, they inordinately affect the quality of the results obtained in case of popular clustering algorithms during the process of finding an optimal solution. In this work, we propose a novel method to classify the data points with grouping characteristics as either an outlier or not. We use both distance and density of a particular data point with respect to the rest of the data points for this process. Distances are used to find the points at the extremities while the densities are used to identify the data points at the sparsest spaces. Further, every data model has to take into account the aspect of generalization in order to work robustly even in out of the box situations. Hence, our approach provides a generalization aspect to the model. The accuracy of the proposed work is measured using area under curve (AUC) was found the highest for cardioto data set -AUC value-0.90 and second highest AUC value was obtained for Spambase data set -0.52 and several other datasets are used to demonstrate the usage of the model proposed.

Studies of Thermodynamical and Electronic Transport Properties of Na–Sn Alloy

The concept of complex formation has been incorporated in the structure of the Faber–Ziman formula for the purpose of studying the composition dependence of the electrical resistivities of Zintl alloys, which possess the anomalous nature and exhibit a large deviation from the metallic behavior around a specific composition

Enhancement of anomalous boundary current by high temperature

Recently it is found that Weyl anomaly leads to novel anomalous currents in the spacetime with a boundary. However, the anomalous current is suppressed by the mass of charge carriers and the distance to the boundary, which makes it difficult to be measured. In this paper, we explore the possible mechanisms for the enhancement of anomalous currents. Interestingly, we find that the anomalous current can be significantly enhanced by the high temperature, which makes easier the experimental detection. For free theories, the anomalous current is proportional to the temperature in the high temperature limit. Note that the currents can be enhanced by thermal effects only at high temperatures. In general, this is not the case at low temperatures. For general temperatures, the absolute value of the current of Neumann boundary condition first decreases and then increases with the temperature, while the current of Dirichlet boundary condition always increases with the temperature. It should be mentioned that the enhancement does not have an anomalous nature. In fact, the so-called anomalous current in this paper is not always related to Weyl anomaly. Instead, it is an anomalous effect due to the boundary.

Исследование пространственного распределения люминесценции в диапазоне 0.44-0.75 мкм CVD-ZnSe, легированного алюминием и железом

Spatial distribution of luminescence characteristics of CVD-ZnSe doped with Aluminum and both Aluminum and Iron by thermal diffusion were studied. The diffusion method leads to formation of two areas in crystal volume: (1) area with high aluminum concentration in which the luminescence of defective-impurity centers (DICs) dominates and exciton luminescence is absent and (2) area with low aluminum concentration in which exciton luminescence dominates. The border of two areas recognized on luminescence map is sharp that not corresponded to diffusion nature. The result is explained by assuming the anomalous nature of aluminum diffusion, leading to a sharp change in the aluminum concentration at a certain distance from the doping surface. Method of aluminum doping process applied in present paper leaded to weakens of well-known luminescence suppression effect by iron ions in ZnSe.

Analysis of Debris Signature Characteristics and Evolution in the 24 May 2016 Dodge City, Kansas, Tornadoes

On 24 May 2016, a supercell that produced 13 tornadoes near Dodge City, Kansas, was documented by a rapid-scanning, X-band, polarimetric, Doppler radar (RaXPol). The anomalous nature of this storm, particularly the significant deviations in storm motion from the mean flow and number of tornadoes produced, is examined and discussed. RaXPol observed nine tornadoes with peak radar-derived intensities (ΔVmax) and durations ranging from weak (~60 m s−1) and short lived (<30 s) to intense (>150 m s−1) and long lived (>25 min). This case builds on previous studies of tornado debris signature (TDS) evolution with continuous near-surface sampling of multiple strong tornadoes. The TDS sizes increased as the tornadoes intensified but lacked direct correspondence to tornado intensity otherwise. The most significant growth of the TDS in both cases was linked to two substantial rear-flank-downdraft surges and subsequent debris ejections, resulting in growth of the TDSs to more than 3 times their original sizes. The TDS was also observed to continue its growth as the tornadoes decayed and lofted debris fell back to the surface. The TDS size and polarimetric composition were also found to correspond closely to the underlying surface cover, which resulted in reductions in ZDR in wheat fields and growth of the TDS in terraced dirt fields as a result of ground scouring. TDS growth with respect to tornado vortex tilt is also discussed.

The Anomalous Nature of the Fecal Swab Data, Receptor Binding Domain and Other Questions in RaTG13 Genome

RaTG13 (a bat derived SARS-like CoV) is the closest relative sequence of SARS-CoV-2 reported till date. The sample from which RaTG13 was sequenced was a bat fecal swab collected in 2013 from Tongguan, Mojiang, Yunnan province, China. The Illumina based sequence of RaTG13, MN996532.1, was deposited on 27th Jan 2020 and the raw data (Illumina), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRX7724752[accn]. There are discrepancies in dates about when the metagenome sequencing of RaTG13 sample was done (2018 or 2020), both stated by the same corresponding author. Comparison of the RNA Seq data of RaTG13 fecal swab to the corresponding data from the bat fecal swabs deposited by the same working group using the same methods indicated that the RaTG13 raw data seemed to be different in various aspects. The fecal swab sample showed abnormally less read of bacterial reads in the swab was exceptionally low, i.e. 0.7%, compared to the 20-90% abundance in other fecal swabs from bats processed by similar methods. Also, another raw data in the form of amplicon sequences was deposited in May 2020; however, the dates mentioned on the files of the sequenced amplicons were older (2017, 2018). The genome assembly of RaTG13 could not be done de-novo and the average coverage of the genome ~8%. Also, literature indicates that RaTG13 RBD cannot bind to Rhinolophus ACE-2 receptors. Collectively, the anomalies in the raw data of RaTG13 and other issues pose an important question about the overall authenticity of the RaTG13 genome sequence.

Dust Covered Privilege: White Women’s Experiences of the Dust Bowl

In this article, I utilize a white privilege framework to analyze white women’s experiences of the Dust Bowl. In particular, I focus on the question: What do white women’s experiences of the Dust Bowl tell us about privilege and inequality? Using oral histories housed in the University of Oklahoma’s archive, “Dust, Drought, and Dreams Gone Dry: Oklahoma Women in the Dust Bowl Oral History Project,” I engage in a qualitative analysis of the women’s experiences that expand our understanding of the dominant narratives of this era. By focusing on the anomalous nature of the sample, I examine the multifaceted way in which race, gender, and class shape these women’s experiences of this era. Ultimately, these women’s narratives reveal the complex system of privilege and oppression that these white women experienced in a time of economic and environmental crisis.

Estimation of the residual strength resource of machines

For objective reasons, machines experience short-term overload, which can lead to damage or destruction of the structure. Under these conditions, it is important to estimate the residual resource of machine fatigue characteristics. For this purpose in engineering practice the method of single overloads (from a high level to low) is widely used. The method allows simulating a mode of adverse irregular loading. Single overload at a level exceeding the initial endurance limit for a certain number of cycles reduces the endurance limit and the residual resource of the structure durability. The empirical dependences proposed in the literature for estimating the relative decrease in endurance limits from the overload coefficient and the cyclic ratio give a complete decrease in the secondary endurance limit at a cyclic ratio equal to one. This is inconsistent with experimental results indicating the existence of a marginal reduction in secondary endurance limits. The formula allowing to correct slightly these dependences and to describe marginal decrease of secondary endurance limits, also under some conditions gives full decrease of secondary endurance limits or loses physical sense. Although the dependence proposed for titanium alloys gives a marginal reduction in the secondary endurance limits other than zero, it determines the anomalous nature of the asymptotic curve which does not correspond to numerous experimental data and mathematical models of damage. Earlier, the author has developed a mathematical model of single overloads and on its basis he has performed an estimation of the residual resource of machine durability based on the results of statistical tests of laboratory samples. In this paper, this model is used to estimate the residual structural strength of machines. The calculated dependences are proposed that satisfactorily describe the experiment and are free from the above shortcomings. These relations can be recommended for implementation in the practice of engineering calculations.

Anomalous nature of gravity at quantum realm

Gravity is a long range force, however, we studied its behavior at the scale where quantum effect comes in act by applying quantum — gravitational effect on this force. We reported, under this effect the classical gravity doesn’t quantized instead its inverted and contrary to classical gravity it doesn’t bind matter together and behaves anomalously.