A product form for the general stochastic matching model

We consider a stochastic matching model with a general compatibility graph, as introduced by Mairesse and Moyal (2016). We show that the natural necessary condition of stability of the system is also sufficient for the natural ‘first-come, first-matched’ matching policy. To do so, we derive the stationary distribution under a remarkable product form, by using an original dynamic reversibility property related to that of Adan, Bušić, Mairesse, and Weiss (2018) for the bipartite matching model.

Fast Motion Model of Road Vehicles with Artificial Neural Networks

Nonlinear optimization-based motion planning algorithms have been successfully used for dynamically feasible trajectory planning of road vehicles. However, the main drawback of these methods is their significant computational effort and thus high runtime, which makes real-time application a complex problem. Addressing this field, this paper proposes an algorithm for fast simulation of road vehicle motion based on artificial neural networks that can be used in optimization-based trajectory planners. The neural networks are trained with supervised learning techniques to predict the future state of the vehicle based on its current state and driving inputs. Learning data is provided for a wide variety of randomly generated driving scenarios by simulation of a dynamic vehicle model. The realistic random driving maneuvers are created on the basis of piecewise linear travel velocity and road curvature profiles that are used for the planning of public roads. The trained neural networks are then used in a feedback loop with several variables being calculated by additional numerical integration to provide all the outputs of the original dynamic model. The presented model can be capable of short-term vehicle motion simulation with sufficient precision while having a considerably faster runtime than the original dynamic model.

Petryfikacja i zakotwiczenie. O legalizacji etyki prawniczej

The title of this essay relates to two features that are unique to legal ethics and, as one might say, set legal ethics apart from law itself. Each particular ethical norm is genetically and praxeologically rooted in the so-called prime directive, i.e. in an abstract understanding of what is moral in a universal (common) sense and in one’s understanding what role lawyers play in society. This rooting is dynamic in its nature. The idea of petrification, however, appears to work in the opposite direction: legal ethics practitioners note a certain tendency to perceive legal ethics as if it was law, albeit a specific portion of it and the one addressed to specific (non-general) audience. This idea is manifested in the silent incorporation of legal concepts (substantive and procedural) – originally existing in criminal law – into legal ethics, thus ‘petrifying’ it and altering its original dynamic nature. However, such ‘legalisation’ of legal ethics cannot succeed as long as the rooting mechanism remains active.

Older Listeners' Perception of Speech With Strengthened and Weakened Dynamic Pitch Cues in Background Noise

Purpose Dynamic pitch, which is defined as the variation in fundamental frequency, is an acoustic cue that aids speech perception in noise. This study examined the effects of strengthened and weakened dynamic pitch cues on older listeners' speech perception in noise, as well as how these effects were modulated by individual factors including spectral perception ability. Method The experiment measured speech reception thresholds in noise in both younger listeners with normal hearing and older listeners whose hearing status ranged from near-normal hearing to mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. The pitch contours of the target speech were manipulated to create four levels of dynamic pitch strength: weakened, original, mildly strengthened, and strengthened. Listeners' spectral perception ability was measured using tests of spectral ripple and frequency modulation discrimination. Results Both younger and older listeners performed worse with manipulated dynamic pitch cues than with original dynamic pitch. The effects of dynamic pitch on older listeners' speech recognition were associated with their age but not with their perception of spectral information. Those older listeners who were relatively younger were more negatively affected by dynamic pitch manipulations. Conclusions The findings suggest the current pitch manipulation strategy is detrimental for older listeners to perceive speech in noise, as compared to original dynamic pitch. While the influence of age on the effects of dynamic pitch is likely due to age-related declines in pitch perception, the spectral measures used in this study were not strong predictors for dynamic pitch effects. Taken together, these results indicate next steps in this line of work should be focused on how to manipulate acoustic cues in speech in order to improve speech perception in noise for older listeners.

Coda: Flipping the Electoral World Upside-Down

This chapter summarizes the lessons learned about Homo Suffragator and the psychology of voters. Do personality, memory, and identity shape citizens' electoral experience and behaviour, and elections' capacity to bring democratic resolution; and what are the main determinants of each model? Has the book's attempt to turn electoral science upside-down by switching the dependent variable been successful? It may be of greater consequence to know whether elections make people happy, and whether they offer a continuous peaceful resolution to divergent preferences and beliefs, than to know whom people and nations vote for. Beyond summarizing the results of the static models explored so far, the chapter also reintegrates the original dynamic expectations into the model, and assesses the reciprocal causality between the three interrelated dependent variable sets—behaviour, experience, and resolution—using the panel study design in the US case.

Impact of heterogeneous distribution of immunization probability on recurrent epidemic outbreaks

The heterogeneous distribution of immunization probability has been proven to suppress the recurrent epidemic outbreaks effectively, but the reason for this interesting phenomenon is still unclear. To solve this problem, the effects of immunization probability on the maximal infected density and the average infected density are investigated, and it’s found that large immunization probability will depress the maximal infected density sharply. Moreover, it’s proved that small immunization probability is of great importance, which could not only reduce the cost of immunization at low risk but also decrease the outbreak risk of the next year by making the average infected density larger in the current year. Besides, a generalized immunization strategy is presented, which makes the immunization strategy easy to carry out and meanwhile keeps the maximal and the average infected density almost as good as those in the original dynamic immunization strategy. Moreover, the control effects in eight real networks are also investigated, which proves the usefulness of the modified dynamic immunization strategy. Our work proves the usefulness of the heterogeneous distribution of immunization probability and may present theoretical guidance for the government and the public to control the recurrent epidemic outbreaks.

Selected Shariah Issues in Sukuk Structures: A Comparative Approach

The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent of Shariah compliance in the contracts underlying sukuk structures and their conformity to the objectives behind such contracts. It does this by exposing the prevalent opinions to a maqasid matrix to judge their validity. The Shariah issues underlying sukuk structures are divided into four primary issues that pertain to a certain category of sukuk or most sukuk regardless of the category and focus on the most important and prevalent issues as identified by Islamic economists, jurists and other researchers. The most important findings are that the issues as they relate to important principles and elements of muamalat or Islamic contracts law exist and are real including, but not limited to: possession and legal or beneficial ownership of assets, the debt nature of sale-based sukuk, lack of PLS considerations, and the loss of contact with the real economy. The literalists approach does not incorporate Shariah objectives as ideal standards for sukuk structuring, and similarly, the alternative approach features reductionist tendencies to certain principles. This research provides a theoretical basis on which to judge, from an objective perspective, sukuk issuances and so does not provide practical steps to implementation. This paper takes a much-needed comprehensive look at sukuk structuring in light of the means and objectives of the structuring practice and is expected to provide an original dynamic alternative for scrutinizing structuring practice.

The Application of the Human Body Link Stress Analysis Method in the Basketball Movement

“Link stress analysis method” is a method to determine to cause the original dynamic muscle of the body movements. In the basketball sports and training, it gets more and more attention. The writer tries to base the teaching practice, to make some supplement and discussion of the theoretical definition, the methods of the analysis of the original muscle and the problems that should be noticed.

An evolutionary approach to solve the dynamic multihop ridematching problem

The multihop ridesharing system generates a ridematching solution with an arbitrary number of transfers that respects personal preferences of the users and their time constraints with detour willingness. As it is considered to be NP-complete, an efficient metaheuristic is required in the application to solve the dynamic multihop ridematching problem. In this context, a novel approach, called Metaheuristics Approach Based on Controlled Genetic Operators ( MACGeO), which is supported by an original dynamic coding, is developed to address the multihop ridematching problem. The performance of the proposed approach is measured via simulation scenarios, which feature various numbers of carpool drivers (vehicles) and riders (passengers). Experimental results show that the multihop ridematching could greatly increase the number of matched requests while minimizing the number of vehicles required.