A Dual Approach of an Oil–Membrane Composite and Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode to Mitigate Biofluid Interferences

Electrochemical biosensors promise a simple method to measure analytes for both point-of-care diagnostics and continuous, wearable biomarker monitors. In a liquid environment, detecting the analyte of interest must compete with other solutes that impact the background current, such as redox-active molecules, conductivity changes in the biofluid, water electrolysis, and electrode fouling. Multiple methods exist to overcome a few of these challenges, but not a comprehensive solution. Presented here is a combined boron-doped diamond electrode and oil–membrane protection approach that broadly mitigates the impact of biofluid interferents without a biorecognition element. The oil–membrane blocks the majority of interferents in biofluids that are hydrophilic while permitting passage of important hydrophobic analytes such as hormones and drugs. The boron-doped diamond then suppresses water electrolysis current and maintains peak electrochemical performance due to the foulant-mitigation benefits of the oil–membrane protection. Results show up to a 365-fold reduction in detection limits using the boron-doped diamond electrode material alone compared with traditional gold in the buffer. Combining the boron-doped diamond material with the oil–membrane protection scheme maintained these detection limits while exposed to human serum for 18 h.

EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF MACROALGAE COLLECTED FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MEXICO

Objective: This study aimed to establish the anti-inflammatory potential of macroalgae from Baja California Sur, Mexico. Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts from 10 macroalgae species was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Dichloromethane, ethanolic, and aqueous extracts were obtained from each species. The criteria used to determine anti-inflammatory activity included 1) the membrane protection of human red blood cells (HRBCs) against hemolysis induced by hypotonicity, 2) the inhibition of heat-induced protein denaturation (IDP), and 3) the inhibition of mouse ear edema and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme. Results: The dichloromethane extracts of Gracilaria vermiculophylla and Opuntiella californica were the most active, both in vitro and in vivo. These extracts resulted in values of HRBC membrane protection above 95%, which were similar to those obtained with diclofenac sodium. And reduce the inflammation with edema inhibition percentage up to 60 % while the control indomethacin was able to inhibit edema by 82.3 %. Conclusion: The bioprospection of several macroalgae species from Bahía de La Paz, Mexico, allowed the identification of two species with promising anti-inflammatory activity. Gracilaria vermiculophylla showed interesting topical anti-inflammatory effects and a profile of compounds (flavonoids and terpenes) that may contribute to the potential biological properties of this seaweed. This study represents the first report of the anti-inflammatory potential of O. californica.

Strategy of membrane protection in pharmacotherapy of vascular cognitive impairment

The article considers modern views on the problem of vascular cognitive dysfunction, in particular, on the nature and options of treatment of mild cognitive impairment syndrome as one of the most common forms of cognitive decline in the elderly and senile patients. From this point of view, the requirements for the selection of the optimal pharmacological tool for pharmacotherapy and pharmacoprophylaxis of this syndrome, especially the strategy of membrane protection, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of action and features of clinical use of Lira (citicoline) — a drug with unique clinical and pharmacological properties that allow implementing a strategy of pathogenetically sound neuro- and geroprotective pharmacotherapy in cerebrovascular disorders. Mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy of Lira (citicoline), safety characteristics and recommendations for practical use of the drug are considered in detail.

Efektivitas Sukrosa sebagai Proteksi Aktif Membran Ekstraseluler Spermatozoa Sapi Bali pada Zona Pre-Freezing

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas kinerja sukrosa dalam Tris kuning telur sebagai krioprotektan untuk perlindungan aktif ekstraseluler membran plasma utuh spermatozoa sapi Bali. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sperma sapi Bali terpilih dan bahan pengencer semen. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan A (Kontrol) = Tris 80%+20% Kuning telur + Gliserol; Perlakuan B = 0,2% Sukrosa + Tris 80%+20% Kuning telur + Gliserol; Perlakuan C = 0,3% Sukrosa + Tris 80%+20% Kuning telur + Gliserol; Perlakuan D = 0,4% Sukrosa + Tris 80%+20% Kuning telur + Gliserol; Perlakuan E = 0,5% Sukrosa + Tris 80%+20% Kuning telur + Griserol. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah pergerakan progresif aktif spermatozoa dan membran Plasma Utuh (MPU) pada tahap pre-feezing semen sapi Bali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat konsentrasi sukrosa pada tahap pre-freezing tidak berpengaruh nyata (P 0,05%) terhadap persentase progresif aktif spermatozoa dan proteksi MPU semen Sapi Bali dan tingkat aktif progresif spermatozoa dengan penambahan sukrosa dalam kuning telur dikategorikan baik (66.75- 69.00%). Penambahan berbagai level konsentrasi sukrosa sebagai krioprotektan ekstraseluler melapisi dan mengikat membran spermatozoa dari efek perubahan suhu yang drastis pada tahap pre-freezing dalam proses semen beku. The effectiveness of sucrose as the Active Protection of Bali Spermatozoa Extracellular Membranes Pre-Freezing ABSTRACT. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the performance of sucrose in tris egg yolk as a cryoprotectant for extracellular active protection of extracellular membrane of Bali bulls spermatozoa. The material used in this study is the sperm of selected Bali bulls and spermatozoa thinning agent. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatment A (Control) = Tris 80% + 20% Egg Yolk + Glycerol; Treatment B = 0.2% Sucrose + Tris 80% + 20% Egg yolk + Glycerol; Treatment C = 0.3% Sucrose + Tris 80% + 20% Egg yolk + Glycerol; Treatment D = 0.4% Sucrose + Tris 80% + 20% Egg yolk + Glycerol; and Treatment E = 0.5% Sucrose + Tris 80% + 20% Egg Yolk + Griserol. The parameters observed in this study were the active progressive movement and extracellular membrane of spermatozoa protection in Bali bulls pre-freezing stage. The results showed that the sucrose tris egg yolk concentration level at the pre freezing stage no significant effect (P 0.05%) on the active progressive percentage of spermatozoa and bali bulls extracellular membrane protection conditions active levels of progressive spermatozoa with the addition of sucrose in egg yolk are categorized as good (66.75- 69.00%). Addition of various levels of sucrose concentration as extracellular cryoprotectant coating and binding of spermatozoa membranes from the effects of drastic temperature changes in the pre-freezing stage in the process of frozen sperm.