peel oil
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Fuel ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 123173
Author(s):  
C.G. Saravanan ◽  
M. Vikneswaran ◽  
S. Prasanna Raj Yadav ◽  
V. Edwin Geo ◽  
J. Sasikala ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Oragwu Ifeoma Perpetua ◽  
C. U. Ugwu Shadrack

Essential oil from peels of lemon (Citrus Lumion) fruit had been evaluated for its physiochemical, phytochemical compositions and application in skin-care product.  Lemon peel oil,  which is one of the under-utilized essential oil was  isolated from the matured fruits  peel using petroleum ether by soxhlet extraction method. The percentage  yield of 3.7 %,  for air-dried peels and 2.30 %, for fresh peels  are acceptable  for most plants essential oils. The ash content of both the dried and fresh peels were 1.42 ± 0.001 and 4.007±0.003. Some phytochemicals like, saponins, flavonoids, terpenes, carbohydrates, tannins, were determined using  standard methods.  The lemon-peel-oil skin-lotion formulation was  carried out by  mixing  5 ml   of the peel oil  sample  with corresponding  mass of basic lotion compositions, in water base-tank,  and homogenously mixed  in oil base-tank under 700 C.  The pH range(6.30), viscosity, spreadability,  and  properties  of the lotion were compared to the  non-lemon-oil lotion and to  a commercial grade skin lotion. 


Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Md. Emrul Ahsan Plabon ◽  
Shakti Chandra Mondal ◽  
Md. Mamun Or Rashid ◽  
M. Kaium Chowdhury ◽  
Abu Saeid ◽  
...  

The hydro-distilled essential oil of hog plum peel may be used for enhancing the flavor and taste of food products as well as for hiding the unpleasant odor of drugs. Thus, the waste peels of Spondias mombin appear to have economic importance. To find out the chemical composition and anti-microbial properties of hog plum peel oil, the samples were collected from different regions of Bangladesh for extraction and identification of volatile compounds by GC-MS, where dichloromethane was used as an extraction solvent. The required standard analytical methods were used to assay the anti-microbial properties of hog plums. In this study, pentenyl-3-thy-met-4-alpha-methyl-alpha-ethanol-oxiranen (29.04%), (3,3.1,1)-4-dimethylethyl-1,1-phenol (8.00%), cycohexanol-3 (10.85%), 4-hydroxy-penzeneethanamine (7.09%), hydroxylamine (4.63%), dibutyl phthalate (6.85%), etc., were majorly determined. Consequently, the highest content of 75.81% volatile compounds was found in the Dinajpur district, where the lowest content of 35.00% was found in the Rajshahi district. In contrast, 33 volatile compounds were identified in hog plum peels collected from the Barishal district, whereas 22 compounds were detected in the peel samples collected from the Dinajpur district. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the oil was analyzed by the disk diffusion method, and the results revealed that the highest Ciprocin content was recorded in the hog plums of Barishal (22.0–23.0 mm), while the lowest was recorded in the Mymensingh sample (20.67–21.63 mm), which was on par with Rajshahi sample (20.70–21.50 mm). The results of the anti-fungal activities of the peel oil showed the highest zone of inhibition against the Aspergillus niger (11.63 ± 0.0003 mm) and Penicillium oxalicum (13.67 ± 1.97 mm) content of the Rajshahi and Pabna district samples, respectively.


2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110477
Author(s):  
Mebin Samuel Panithasan ◽  
Gnanamoorthi Venkadesan

In the search for an alternative energy source with lesser pollution for transportation needs, bio-oil, a denser and viscous fuel that needs a transesterification process, have been widely considered for diesel engines. However, these problems are solved by using low viscous biofuel, but this improvement also significantly leads to increased NOx emission. Hence this present study investigates the usage of a low viscous biofuel in the CRDI engine with measures to reduce NOx emission through water injection technique. The low viscous bio-oil was used in this study along with an ignition enhancer (di-tert-butyl-peroxide), non-metallic nano additive (rice husk). They were tested in a constant speed, single-cylinder, diesel engine for various loads. Considering the brake thermal efficiency (BTE), 2% and 150 ppm were selected as the optimum value after testing five ratios (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3%) of di tert butyl peroxide (DTBP) and four ratios (50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm) of rice husk (RH). The lemon peel oil (LPO) with the optimum additive ratio produced 30.69% BTE, which was 4.7% lesser than diesel fuel. A considerable decrease in fuel consumption and emissions except for nitrogen oxides (NOx) is recorded. NOx emission increased by 17.3% for the biofuel blend containing RH and DTBP. To control NOx emission, 2% of water was injected into the intake manifold with the fresh intake air. Two percent by vol. was finalised after experimenting four ratios (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) of water addition. This 2% water reduces 11% of NOx emission and affects the other outputs, denoted with the 8.9% reduced BTE value compared with diesel fuel. Thus, the LPOC combination proved to operate well in the CRDI engine and produces lower NOx emissions than other LPO blends.


Author(s):  
Samson Kolawole Fasogbon ◽  
Chukwuemeka Uguba Owora

Literature including one of our previous studies have confirmed the environmental friendliness of orange peeled oil biodiesel (OPOB) when applied to run compression ignition (CI) heat engines. There is also high degree of compatibility of physicochemical properties of OPOB with fossil diesel.  However, there is limited knowledge on its performance indices in the same heat engines. This perhaps may have been due to few interests shown by researchers in the area or obviously due to difficult time and other quantum resources required in conducting the rigorous engine tests. To this end, this work conducted experimental study of performance profile of OPOB in direct injection CI engine; and afterwards applied artificial neural networks (ANNs) to ascertain the engine brake thermal efficiencies (BTE) and brake specific energy consumptions (BSEC). The ANN utilized the Levenberg Marquardt (LM), Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) and Gradient Descent with Momentum and Adaptive Learning (GDX) training algorithms for the performance prediction. The choice of the three algorithms was to effect better comparative assessment. The input variables of the neural network were brake load, orange oil-diesel mixture percentages and engine speed. Statistical parameters such as correlation coefficient (R), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) were employed to investigate the performance of the neural networks. Among the three training algorithms, the Levenberg Marquardt trained algorithm estimated the BTE and BSEC with highest precision and accuracy; and lowest error rates. From the study, it is concluded that the performance profile of compression ignition heat engines operated with orange peel biodiesel compares favourably with fossil diesel. It also affirmed that Artificial Neural Network is a reliable tool in the prediction of performance indices of compression ignition engines when run with orange-peel oil based biodiesel.


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