Expertise Detection in Crowdsourcing Forums Using the Composition of Latent Topics and Joint Syntactic–Semantic Cues

We develop an NLP method for inferring potential contributors among multitude of users within crowdsourcing forums (CSFs). The method basically provides a way to predict expertise from their structures (syntax–semantic patterns) when crowdsourced votes are unavailable. It primarily deals with tackling core adverse conditions, which hinder the identification of crowds’ expertise levels, and standardization of measuring linguistic quality of crowdsourced text. To solve the former, an expertise estimation and linguistic feature annotation algorithm is developed. To approach the later, a comprehensive linguistic characterization of crowdsourced text, along with extensive joint syntax–punctuation analyses, have been carried out. The entire corpora are comprised of approximately 8 different domains, 3 million and 50,000 sentences, and 32 million and 90,000 words, contributed by a crowd of 50,000 users. The analyses revealed six major linguistic patterns, identified on the basis of ordered lists of structural (syntactic) categories, learned from grammatical constructions, practiced by major groups of experts. In addition, nine different text-oriented expertise dimensions are identified, as crucial steps towards establishing standard linguistic-based expertise-framework for most CSFs. Potentially, the resulting framework simplifies the measurement of crowds’ proficiency, in those particular forums, where crowds’ tasks (e.g., answering questions, technically discerning deep features within images of galaxies for classifying them into certain categories) are intimately connected with their writing (e.g., describing answers illustratively, expressing complex phenomena observed in classified images). Moreover, wide varieties of linguistic annotations: latent topic annotations, named entities, syntactic and punctuation annotations, semantic and character set annotations, word and character n-grams (n = 2 and 3) annotations, are extracted. That is for building baseline and enhanced versions of expertise models (about 20 different models built). The successive achievements of enhancing baseline models, with iteratively adding linguistic feature annotations in a two-stage enhancement process, indicate the adaptability of the learned models.

O que tem de ser tem muita força... deôntica Contributos para a caracterização do verbo modal ter de

In this paper, we will aim at contributing to the linguistic characterization of the verb ter de/ter que [have to], pointing out some particularities that individualize it among the modal semi-auxiliaries of Portuguese. We will gather information from morphology, syntax, semantics and textual and discourse linguistics, also observed in examples collected from the CETEMPúblico corpus. The semi-auxiliary ter de, like dever [must], appears in the domain of necessity. Although the deontic reading prevails in several contexts, it is possible to find utterances of epistemic nature, external to the participant and even internal to the participant, following the typological classification proposed by van der Auwera and Plungian (1998). Its modal strength results from a maximum restriction of possible worlds (Kratzer 1981; 2012), being situated in the positive pole (certain/obligatory) of the modal verbs scale, which, in Portuguese, contemplates two other verbs, poder [can] and dever (Oliveira 1988). However, the prototypical strong obligation reading associated with ter de is only available in controllable by the subject situations and, even in these cases, the principle of politeness and the hedging effect can convert utterances with this semi-auxiliary into suggestions or recommendations, particularly in injunctive acts of a non-impositive nature and in certain expressive acts. From a syntactic point of view, and following a proposal outlined by Óscar Lopes (2005), we tried to evaluate the effects of the combination of ter de with different syntactic types of verbs, namely unaccusative verbs and unergative verbs. Besides the aspects mentioned above, it was necessary to consider criteria such as the aspectual class of the verb, the nature (impositional or not) of the discourse acts, and the intentionality and status of the interlocutors. As a rule, and taking into account the analysis of utterances from CETEMPúblico, unaccusative verbs combine with aspectual classes that predict an achievement and, in the face of the modal semiauxiliary ter de, they may activate readings that focus on needs determined by external or internal circumstances of the participant. Regarding unergative verbs, we see that the atelic verbs are present in predicates that configure processes and activate the reading of modality external to the participant, while the potentially telic verbs are articulated with accomplishments and may also assume a modal reading external to the participant. Careful observation of other examples may, however, open the way to new modal readings

Professionalisms as components of the vocabulary of forensic examination

The vocabulary of forensic examination, diverse in its composition, requires a multifaceted study. Promising and linguistic characterization of professionalisms as one of the categories of functionally specialized vocabulary of forensic examination is promising. The purpose of the article is to identify and characterize the features of the use of professionalism in the vocabulary of forensic examination, to determine their role in the professional communication of forensic experts. Professionalisms in the vocabulary of forensic examination are unofficial short words that duplicate the established and fixed terms of the specified field, which call the realities, as well as convey the actual production information. The article defines a range of special concepts, which are called professionalisms, namely: types of examinations, subjects that conduct examinations, names of objects, their properties, stages of production and professional processes, etc. It is established that professionalisms, which are used as synonymous doublets in the oral speech of specialists, are almost not recorded in dictionaries of various types, but sometimes able to penetrate into written speech while covering current issues in professional publications. The peculiarities of the differences of forensic professionalisms from forensic terminology, which are connected with emotional coloring, stylistic expressiveness, imagery, are clarified. It is established that the main means of creating professional vocabulary of forensic examination is the implication of the analytical term (reception of language economy), which is mostly associated with the word-forming modification of the basic component of the analytical term. It is determined that the semantic way of creating professional jargons mostly consists in the metonymic name of specific subjects.

'Big Brother' Germany and Spain: a Linguistic Characterization from a Theory of Register

The aim of this paper is to justify the suitability of using Big Brother as a means of addressing the study of colloquial register in German and Spanish. Drawing on the conceptualization of register as a continuum (Briz Gómez 2010), in the following pages we examine an unpublished bilingual corpus consisting of conversations in daily routine contexts. The analysis of the data reveals that the situational features are highly colloquial in the interactions studied, and shows a specific display of the following parameters: control on language production, lexical in/accuracy, deixis, un/familiar treatment, syntax, extra/linguistic contextualization and tone. In conclusion, this qualitative study sheds light on the language used in conversations in reality television and lays the foundation to consider Big Brother an adequate corpus for analyzing colloquial register in both languages.

A Discourse Analysis of Canadian PM’s Speech after New Zealand Christchurch Mosque Shootings

We use language for different purposes that are mostly related to the social practices in different contexts and perspectives. Discourse analysis is one of the disciplines which examines the use of language from different perspectives to reach a possible understanding of the discourse. This paper is also an attempt to analyze language used in a particular context and perspective to understand and expose some constructed realities. The objective of this study is to examine the Canadian PM’s moral and ideological standpoint, his commitment to show solidarity with the grieved community, his determination to eradicate terrorism and his linguistic characterization of terrorism that he confirmed in his speech in the House of Common on March 18, 2019 after the Christchurch Mosque Shootings in New Zealand. The analysis is based on Fairclough’s conceptions in CDA. It claims that ideologies and texts are interrelated, and it is not possible to break this link between ideologies and texts because the texts can be interpreted in maximum possible ways. This study analyzes the components of ideology and persuasion used in Justin Trudeau’s speech to reveal his commitment and persuasive strategies against terrorism, and it gives new hopes to the targeted communities worldwide as well as the general public. He tried to ensure the public that they are not alone because the world leaders and the heads of the states are unconditionally united to eradicate worldwide terrorism.

A Discourse Analysis of Canadian PM’s Speech after New Zealand Christchurch Mosque Shootings

We use language for different purposes that are mostly related to social practices in different contexts and perspectives. Discourse analysis is one of the disciplines which examines the use of language from different perspectives to reach a possible understanding of the discourse. This paper is also an attempt to analyze the language used in a particular context and perspective to understand and expose some constructed realities. The objective of this study is to examine the Canadian PM’s moral and ideological standpoint, his commitment to show solidarity with the grieved community, his determination to eradicate terrorism and his linguistic characterization of terrorism that he confirmed in his speech in the House of Common on March 18, 2019, after the Christchurch Mosque Shootings in New Zealand. The analysis is based on Fairclough’s conceptions in CDA. It claims that ideologies and texts are interrelated, and it is not possible to break this link between ideologies and texts because the texts can be interpreted in maximum possible ways. This study analyzes the components of ideology and persuasion used in Justin Trudeau’s speech to reveal his commitment and persuasive strategies against terrorism, and it gives new hopes to the targeted communities worldwide as well as the general public. He tried to ensure the public that they are not alone because the world leaders and the heads of the states are unconditionally united to eradicate worldwide terrorism.

A Discourse Analysis of Canadian PM’s Speech after New Zealand Christchurch Mosque Shootings

We use language for different purposes that are mostly related to social practices in different contexts and perspectives. Discourse analysis is one of the disciplines which examines the use of language from different perspectives to reach a possible understanding of the discourse. This paper is also an attempt to analyze the language used in a particular context and perspective to understand and expose some constructed realities. The objective of this study is to examine the Canadian PM’s moral and ideological standpoint, his commitment to show solidarity with the grieved community, his determination to eradicate terrorism and his linguistic characterization of terrorism that he confirmed in his speech in the House of Common on March 18, 2019, after the Christchurch Mosque Shootings in New Zealand. The analysis is based on Fairclough’s conceptions in CDA. It claims that ideologies and texts are interrelated, and it is not possible to break this link between ideologies and texts because the texts can be interpreted in maximum possible ways. This study analyzes the components of ideology and persuasion used in Justin Trudeau’s speech to reveal his commitment and persuasive strategies against terrorism, and it gives new hopes to the targeted communities worldwide as well as the general public. He tried to ensure the public that they are not alone because the world leaders and the heads of the states are unconditionally united to eradicate worldwide terrorism.