Innovative Construction of the AFPM-Type Electric Machine and the Method for Estimation of Its Performance Parameters on the Basis of the Induction Voltage Shape

The article presents an innovative construction of the Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machine designed for generator performance, which provides the shape of induced voltage that enables estimation of the speed and rotational angle of the machine rotor. Design solutions were proposed, the aim of which is to limit energy losses as a result of the occurrence of eddy currents. The method of direct estimation of the value of the rotational speed and rotational angle of the machine rotor was proposed and investigated on the basis of the measurements of induced voltages and machine phase currents. The advantage of the machine is the utilization of simple and easy-to-use computational procedures. The acquired results were compared with the results obtained for estimation performed by using the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF).

Korevaar–Schoen’s energy on strongly rectifiable spaces

We extend Korevaar–Schoen’s theory of metric valued Sobolev maps to cover the case of the source space being an $$\mathsf{RCD}$$ RCD space. In this situation it appears that no version of the ‘subpartition lemma’ holds: to obtain both existence of the limit of the approximated energies and the lower semicontinuity of the limit energy we shall rely on: the fact that such spaces are ‘strongly rectifiable’ a notion which is first-order in nature (as opposed to measure-contraction-like properties, which are of second order). This fact is particularly useful in combination with Kirchheim’s metric differentiability theorem, as it allows to obtain an approximate metric differentiability result which in turn quickly provides a representation for the energy density, the differential calculus developed by the first author which allows, thanks to a representation formula for the energy that we prove here, to obtain the desired lower semicontinuity from the closure of the abstract differential. When the target space is $$\mathsf{CAT}(0)$$ CAT ( 0 ) we can also identify the energy density as the Hilbert-Schmidt norm of the differential, in line with the smooth situation.

Cooling Load Estimation of a Multi-Storey Building: A Heat Transfer Approach

The key objective of this work is to maintain the pre-determined inside conditions & to establish thermal equilibrium the prime rate at which heat needs to be detached from the space. Nowadays one of the most serious problems is environmental issues. For this problem, energy utilization by buildings and enterprises are responsible. Markets, Residential houses, commercial buildings, industry, and Infrastructure consume approximately 72% of the world’s energy. Roughly 60 % of a building’s total energy necessity is distributed to the plant of air-conditioning installed in a big complex or building that is air acclimatized. To limit energy utilization, accurate prediction of the cooling load are important. The elementary heat transfer concepts are used to manually calculate the cooling load of a multi-storey building. This method is derived from CLTD technique of cooling load estimation. We estimate the cooling load at the extreme conditions. So, we have taken the outside conditions as relative humidity 54% and 450C DBT for the month of May during summer. The average outside air velocity during this period is 1.67 m/s. The significance of this work is to show that, actual cooling load prediction results in less capital cost, investment and energy consumed. Thus, accuracy should be paramount when load calculation is being performed.

Reference Configurations Versus Optimal Rotations: A Derivation of Linear Elasticity from Finite Elasticity for all Traction Forces

We rigorously derive linear elasticity as a low energy limit of pure traction nonlinear elasticity. Unlike previous results, we do not impose any restrictive assumptions on the forces, and obtain a full $$\Gamma $$ Γ -convergence result. The analysis relies on identifying the correct reference configuration to linearize about, and studying its relation to the rotations preferred by the forces (optimal rotations). The $$\Gamma $$ Γ -limit is the standard linear elasticity model, plus a term that penalizes for fluctuations of the reference configurations from the optimal rotations. However, on minimizers this additional term is zero and the limit energy reduces to standard linear elasticity.

Effect on Human Body of the Magnetic Field Induced by the High Voltage Transmission Line

The quality of electrical energy and the fight against energy losses are a crucial issue for electricity companies. The use of high voltage lines can limit energy losses for the transmission of electricity over long distances. But this solution has the disadvantage of the propagation of the electromagnetic wave which has a great influence on human health. The work presented in this study mainly deals with modelling problems that may be encountered by the community working in the field of low frequency electromagnetic fields. In order to model a power line, we are based on geometric data as well as phase and earth conductor data.

Compactness by Coarse-Graining in Long-Range Lattice Systems

We consider energies on a periodic set {\mathcal{L}} of the form {\sum_{i,j\in\mathcal{L}}a^{\varepsilon}_{ij}\lvert u_{i}-u_{j}\rvert}, defined on spin functions {u_{i}\in\{0,1\}}, and we suppose that the typical range of the interactions is {R_{\varepsilon}} with {R_{\varepsilon}\to+\infty}, i.e., if {\lvert i-j\rvert\leq R_{\varepsilon}}, then {a^{\varepsilon}_{ij}\geq c>0}. In a discrete-to-continuum analysis, we prove that the overall behavior as {\varepsilon\to 0} of such functionals is that of an interfacial energy. The proof is performed using a coarse-graining procedure which associates to scaled functions defined on {\varepsilon\mathcal{L}} with equibounded energy a family of sets with equibounded perimeter. This agrees with the case of equibounded {R_{\varepsilon}} and can be seen as an extension of coerciveness result for short-range interactions, but is different from that of other long-range interaction energies, whose limit exits the class of surface energies. A computation of the limit energy is performed in the case {\mathcal{L}=\mathbb{Z}^{d}}.