The Response of The Addition of Ginseng Leaves (Talinum Paniculatum Gaertn) Mix Supplements in Rations to The Performance of Broiler Production

The aim of this study was to determine the response of adding ginseng leaf supplements (Talinum Paniculatum Gaertn) to the diet on the introduction of meat products, including dietary intake, body weight gain and dietary transformation in broilers. The subjects of the study were 100 broilers with five treatments and four replicates grown from DOC for 33 days. A control treatment was a 100% mixed diet (A), and B was a mixed died with 0.5% ginseng leaf mixture supplement. Treatment C was a mixed died with 1% ginseng leaf mixture supplement, with 1.5% ginseng leaf mixture supplement (D treatment), and with 2% additive to the ginseng leaf mixture (E treatment). The blended diet consisted of corn, palm meal, soybean meal, fishmeal, oil, and top mix. The variables measured were diet intake, weight gain, and diet conversion. The research method used an experiment with a completely randomized design. The results showed that the addition of the ginseng leaf meal feed additive to the diet had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on dietary intake, body weight gain, and diet conversion. The conclusion of this study is that the addition of up to 2% of the ginseng leaf meal feed additive to the diet did not negatively affect the appearance of the product and broilers.

Changes of Ginsenoside Composition in the Creation of Black Ginseng Leaf

Ginseng is an increasingly popular ingredient in supplements for healthcare products and traditional medicine. Heat-processed ginsengs, such as red ginseng or black ginseng, are regarded as more valuable for medicinal use when compared to white ginseng due to some unique less polar ginsenosides that are produced during heat-treatment. Although ginseng leaf contains abundant ginsenosides, attention has mostly focused on ginseng root; relatively few publications have focused on ginseng leaf. Raw ginseng leaf was steamed nine times to make black ginseng leaf using a process that is similar to that used to produce black ginseng root. Sixteen ginsenosides were analyzed during each steaming while using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The contents of ginsenosides Rd and Re decreased and the less polar ginsenosides (F2, Rg3, Rk2, Rk3, Rh3, Rh4, and protopanaxatriol) enriched during steam treatment. After nine cycles of steaming, the contents of the less polar ginsenosides F2, Rg3, and Rk2 increased by 12.9-fold, 8.6-fold, and 2.6-fold, respectively. Further, we found that the polar protopanaxadiol (PPD) -type ginsenosides are more likely to be converted from ginsenoside Rg3 to ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5 via dehydration from Rg3, and from ginsenoside Rh2 to ginsenosides Rk2 and Rh3 through losing an H2O molecule than to be completely degraded to the aglycones PPD during the heat process. This study suggests that ginseng leaves can be used to produce less polar ginsenosides through heat processes, such as steaming.

Stimulating effect of fermented ginseng leaf saponin on the differentiation and mineralization of murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells

In this study, abundant ginseng leaf saponins were converted into minor ginsenosides that havemore pharmacological efficacy via fermentation process using recombinant β-glucosidase (bgp1). This fermented product was used to investigate the stimulatory effect on differentiation and mineralization of murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. All major ginsenosides which areavailable in ginseng leaf were biotransformed into more pharmacologically active minor ginsenosides within a short time of incubation. The results showed that 100% of ginsenoside Rd, Rg1and Re were decomposed and transformed to Rg3, Rh1and Rg2, respectively within 03 (three) hours of incubation. Ginseng leaf saponin contains 17.1% Rg1, 44.9% Re, 10.8% Rd, 4.8% Rb1, 5.7% Rb2, 6.9% Rc,2.7% Rg2, and 6.8% F1 ginsenoside. But after fermentation, the products contain mostly pharmacological active minor ginsenosides including 42.2% Rg2, 13.7% Rg3, 8.8% Rh1, 4.9% F1 and 3.6% PPT ginsenosides. Moreover, we investigated and compared the effect of leaf saponins (LS) and fermented leaf saponins (FLS), on the differentiation and mineralization of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Treatment with FLS remarkably enhanced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. FLS notably stimulated the ALP activity, Coll-I synthesis and mineralization ability of MC3T3-E1 cells. Based on the comparison between LS and FLS, it is clear that FLS has good effect on differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and bone formation. Therefore, bgp1-fermented ginseng leaf saponins could be a novel treatment for osteoporosis prevention. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(2), 147-154, 2019