A clinical study of effect of peri-tonsillar infiltration of ropivacaine on tonsillectomy haemorrhage

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of this study to determine the relationship between the peritonsillar infiltration of ropivacaine hydrochloride and haemorrhage in patients undergoing tonsillectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods </strong>This prospective study was conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, Adichunchanagiri institute of medical sciences, B. G. Nagara, Mandya district. A sample size of 30 patients which satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the study. <strong></strong></p><p>Ropivacaine (0.75%)<strong> </strong>was locally infiltrated on the right side (R-side) in the peri-tonsillar region before the surgery. The left side was considered as the control side. Intra-operative blood loss was estimated separately for both the sides. The data from the study will be analysed using chi square test and Student t test technique.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The 17 (56.7%) females and 13 (43.3%) males participated in the study. Majority of the cases belonged to &lt;10 years of age group. By analysing the data, blood loss was found to be higher on the left side (control side) compared to the right side on which peri-tonsillar infiltration of ropivacaine was given. The association between the blood loss on the right side and the left side (control side) was found to be significant (p&lt;0.0001).<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the result of our study it can be derived that the peri-tonsillar infiltration of Ropivacaine (0.75%) is very effective in reducing intra-operative bleeding and at the same time providing a better bloodless field during surgery. Hence, we recommend the use of peri-tonsillar infiltration of Ropivacaine (0.75%) in view of better management of intra-operative blood lossissn.2454-5929.ijohns20220041</p>

Cav3.3 Down-Regulates CaMKII Beta to Ameliorate Neurotoxic Injury to the DRG Induced by Ropivacaine Hydrochloride

Background: The neurotoxicity of local anaesthetics is often reported. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Cav3.3 and CaMKⅡbeta in local anaesthetic neurotoxicity. Methods: An in vitro ropivacaine-induced model of neurotoxic injury to the dorsal root ganglion neurons was used. After specifically inhibiting the expression of Cav3.3 mRNA in DRG neurons by RNAi, cell viability, CaMKⅡbeta expression and the intracellular calcium ion level were detected in DRG neurons.Results: The results showed that the expression of CaMKⅡbeta decreased after the expression of Cav3.3 was inhibited. At the same time, in a model of ropivacaine hydrochloride-induced neurotoxic injury, inhibiting the expression of Cav3.3 mRNA improved cell viability and reduced the intracellular calcium level.Conclusions: These results suggest that Cav3.3 may be involved in neurotoxic injury induced by local anaesthetics by regulating the expression of CaMKⅡbeta. Both Cav3.3 and CaMKⅡbeta are therapeutic targets for neuronal injury induced by local anaesthetics.

Ultrasound-Guided Funicular Block: Ropivacaine Injection into the Tissue around the Spermatic Cord to Improve Analgesia during Orchiectomy in Dogs

Orchiectomy is a common surgical procedure performed on small animals, and it requires postoperative pain management despite its relative simplicity. This study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic stability, intraoperative administration of additional hypnotic and/or analgesic drugs, and postoperative pain scores following the combination of ultrasound-guided injection of ropivacaine hydrochloride into the spermatic cord and infiltration by the same anaesthetic of the incisional prescrotal line (ROP) or general anaesthesia. Dogs in the ROP group showed greater intraoperative hemodynamic stability and lower pain scores than the control group. The locoregional approach used in this study proved effective in minimising the responses to the surgical stimulus and ensured adequate analgesia intra- and postoperatively. This method, called ultrasound-guided funicular block, allows orchiectomy to be performed under deep sedation without general anaesthesia.

Role of CaMK II α in the Injury of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Induced by Ropivacaine Hydrochloride in the Dorsal Root Ganglion of Rats

Objective: To investigate whether CaMKⅡα participates in the dorsal root ganglion neurotoxicity induced by ropivacaine hydrochloride. Methods: DRG neurons were isolated from 1-day-old SD rats and cultured in vitro. pAd-shRNA-CaMKⅡα-DRG cells were constructed by RNA interference technique to inhibit the expression of CaMKⅡα. The experiment was divided into six groups: DRG group (DRG group), vector DRG group (vector group), pAd-shRNA- CaMKIIα-DRG group (pAd-shRNA group), DRG + ropivacaine group (DRG + R group), vector DRG + ropivacaine group (vector + R group), pAd-shRNA-CaMKII α - DRG + ropivacaine group (pAd-shRNA + R group), and the last three groups were treated with 3 mM ropivacaine hydrochloride for 4 hours. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability, flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis rate, laser confocal microscopy was used to detect intracellular calcium level, and real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of CaMKⅡα, Cav3.2 and Cav3.3. Results: The cell viability of DRG+R group, vector+R group and pAd-shRNA+R group decreased significantly after 3 mM ropivacaine hydrochloride treatment for 4 h. Compared with DRG+R group, the cell viability of pAd-shRNA+R group was significantly higher. After 3 mM ropivacaine hydrochloride treatment for 4 h, the apoptosis rate of DRG + R group, vector + R group and pAd-shRNA + R group increased significantly. Compared with DRG+R group, the apoptosis rate in pAd shRNA+R group was significantly lower. After 3 mM ropivacaine hydrochloride treatment for 4 h, the intracellular calcium levels in DRG + R group, vector + R group and pAd-shRNA + R group were significantly increased, and the intracellular calcium levels in pAd-shRNA + R group were significantly lower than those in DRG + R group. The mRNA expressions of CaMKⅡα, Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 were significantly decreased in pAd- shRNA group. The mRNA expressions of CaMK Ⅱ α, Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 were up-regulated in DRG + R group, vector + R group and pAd-shRNA + R group after 3 mm ropivacaine treatment for 4 h. The mRNA expressions of CaMKⅡα, Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 in pAd-shRNA + R group were significantly lower than those in DRG + R group. Conclusion: Inhibition of CaMKⅡα expression can down regulate the expression of Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 mRNA, increase cell viability of DRG neurons, reduce the apoptosis rate, and improve the dorsal root ganglion neurotoxicity induced by ropivacaine hydrochloride.

Distribution of the T12 erector spinal muscle plane block in the dorsal region guided by ultrasound

Background This study aimed to explore the distribution of the erector spinal muscle plane block of the thoracic 12 vertebral body (T12) in the dorsal region guided by ultrasound. Methods A total of 28 patients, who underwent elective lumbar surgery, were enrolled in the present study. These patients were aged between 18 and 65 years, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade was 1 or 2. The block of the T12 transverse process erector spinal muscle was performed under the guidance of ultrasound, and each side was injected with 25 ml of 0.4% ropivacaine hydrochloride + 2 mg of dexamethasone. The back areas were measured using the cold-warm method (the back area was divided into 11 areas [T7–S1] with the body surface marker). At 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after the drug injection, the effectiveness of the regional block was recorded. The presence of puncture hematoma, local anesthesia drug poisoning, nausea, vomiting, headache, and dizziness after the block was recorded. Results The range of the T12 transverse process block was basically fixed at 30 min after the single injection. No pneumothorax, hematoma, or local anesthetic poisoning occurred in any of the patients. Conclusion The effective longitudinal plane of the T12 transverse process erector spinal muscle block was mainly distributed in the T9–L5 dorsal cutaneous branches, and the distribution of the block area was safe and stable.

Acute effects of ropivacaine hydrochloride on corneal endothelial cell ultrastructure of horses: ex vivo study

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of ropivacaine hydrochloride on the corneal endothelium of horses. Forty-eight eyes were obtained from a commercial slaughterhouse and were randomly divided into three groups. In group A, the corneal endothelium was exposed to 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride for 60 seconds. In group B, the corneal endothelium was exposed to 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride for 15 minutes. In group C, the corneal endothelium was exposed to a balanced saline solution for 60 seconds. Afterwards, all samples were prepared for evaluation with scanning electron microscopy. Random electromicrographs were obtained from each sample. The images were analysed and, with the aid of software, areas with no endothelial cells were measured. The average endothelial loss, expressed as a percentage in relation to the total area, of the samples in group A was 5.28%. The average endothelial loss of samples from group B, expressed as a percentage in relation to the total area, was 20.39%. The damage to the corneal endothelium was significantly greater in group B compared to groups A and C. It was possible to conclude that 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride induced acute damage to corneal endothelium cells.