MATERIAL MOVEMENT WITHIN A SINGLE-SCREW EXTRUDER

In present-day economic conditions, extrusion is one of the advanced feedstuffs and food production processes involving intensive manifold heat and force action. During extrusion, the main function is performed by a compression mechanism which includes a forcing screw unit built into the cylinder (cowling). The forcing mechanism performs the task of transferring material while concurrently compressing it up to a required pressure and increasing the material’s temperature due to compression and friction against the cowling's sides. In our view, the first technique is appropriate when a material which is moving within the compression area is in viscous-flow state. The second technique is optimal for theoretical description of areas of loading, transportation, and compression (melting) where the working pressure is maintained.

REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM AND COLUMN PROGRAMMING BASED ON SNI:2847-2019 ON SMARTPHONE USING TEXAS INSTRUMENTS

<p class="Isiabstract">The development of technology in the last few years can not be denied that it has developed very rapidly. In building construction, reinforced concrete beam and columns calculations also utilizing that technology development. Input data used to calculate reinforcement of beam and column are material property, section property and internal forces. Calculation of reinforcement beam using quadratic equation method and reinforcement column using Newton-Raphson method and divided-by-two method.Calculation results are flexural reinforcement As (longitudinal compression area) and As' (longitudinal tension area), shear reinforcement Av (transversal area) and S (distance of Av), torsional reinforcement Avt (transversal area due to torsional and/or shear), S (distance of Avt), Along (longitudinal area due to torsional buckling), column circular reinforcement Atot (total of longitudinal area), column rectangular two faces reinforcement Atot (total of longitudinal area), column rectangular four faces reinforcement Atot (total of longitudinal area), column biaxial reinforcement Atot (total of longitudinal area). The program determines As, As’ and Atotal, the code is written using the Texas Instruments programming language, so that it can be applied to smartphones. Smartphone and manual calculation, for all cases not more than 5%, the calculation using Texas Instrument is accurate.</p>

Histotopography of haemorrhagic infiltration in the hanging cutaneous furrow: Where to look for haemorrhagic infiltration in hanging

The forensic evidence of hanging is based on the autopsy demonstration of the traces left by the noose or the ligature on the neck, as well as on the histological assessment of the hanging mark vitality. However, the specific topography of haemorrhagic infiltration in the context of the cervical damaged tissues involved in hanging is not known. We carried out an extensive microscopic examination to identify if haemorrhagic infiltration in hanging appeared in specific topographic locations that could have been considered as elective. From 102 victims of suicidal hanging, a skin fragment was sampled from the maximum compression area of the sulcus, including the skin portions immediately above and below it. The sampling was also extended to collect the subcutaneous adipose tissue and part of the striated muscle. A standard histological examination was performed on all the samples, and hematoxylin and Eosin, Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin and Goldner’s Masson trichrome staining were performed. In all the cases assessed, the microscopic examination allowed the detection of haemorrhagic infiltration mainly in the deepest areas under the sulcus and especially in the deep dermis and at the transition point between the dermis and the subcutaneous adipose tissue, as well as in the context of its supporting connective tissue. Such areas could therefore be considered as regions in which the presence of haemorrhagic infiltration is more likely to be demonstrated. Accordingly, we recommend performing sampling similar to ours and focusing the search for haemorrhagic infiltration as suggested.

Extentional Fault Pada Daerah Compressive Tectonic Zone Sebagai Batas Cekungan Di Jawa Tengah Selatan

The extensional structure as a normal fault could be found in many places at the southern part of Java compressive tectonic regime. The research area is in the eastern part of the South Serayu Mountains. This normal fault structure is the boundary of the South Serayu Mountains at the eastern part with Kulon Progo Tertiary volcanic Mountains. In the field, these normal fault lineament zones create the Bogowonto river as a boundary of two different geological styles. The influence of this structure on the geological dynamic of the South Serayu Mountains and the Kulon Progo Mountains is important to be explained. The study was conducted by measuring and analyzing fault data and lithology that developed in the area around the two basins boundary. The distribution of the Kulon Progo volcanic rocks indicates the presence of the extensional fault structure. The volcanic facies distribution of the volcano is cut and becomes narrow in the west, while the northward is very wide. Normal fault striations analysis on the fault plane along the fault line shows the least stress trending west-northwest that has worked to create North-South normal faults. The fault-controlled by stress with the vertical main compression area. They have worked to create North Northeast-South Southwest (NNE-SSW) normal faults with westward dipping.

Gas-dynamic roof fall during the potash deposits development

In the development of practically all potash salt deposits, the study of gas-dynamic phenomena (GDP) is one of the most difficult tasks to ensure mining safety. Sudden salt and gas outbursts, dynamic breakdown, which are accompanied by intense gas release and possible broken rock carry-over into the mine workings, are associated with GDP. Geological preconditions for the GDP development are often the layered structure of the salt rock mass, the presence of interlayers and layers of salt clays. For the conditions of the Usolsky potash plant mine, complex studies of factors that characterize the possibility of gas-dynamic roof fall of the stoping rooms were carried out. In mine studies, free gases pressure and the initial velocity of gas release in the rocks of the roof workings were determined. The obtained experimental estimations were used as a parametric basis for mathematical modeling of geomechanical processes under conditions of a near-contact accumulation of free gas. The deformation of a layered salt mass produced by a room development system was described by the model of an ideal elastic-plastic medium with internal friction. The parabolic envelope of Mohr circles was used as a plasticity criterion in the compression area. In the numerical implementation, the deformation of clay contacts was modeled by Goodman contact elements. Based on the results of multivariate numerical calculations, it is established that the main factors determining the possibility of implementing GDP are the additional gas pressure at the contact, the width of the workingspan, and the distance from the roof to the first gas-containing contact. With multi-level lamination of roof rocks, there is a danger of large sources of GDP formation and the mechanism of successive fall of layers in an instant mode is implemented.

Mechanical Behavior of Sandwich Panels with Hybrid PU Foam Core

The traditional composite sandwich structures have disadvantages of low shear modulus and large deformation when used in civil engineering applications. To overcome these problems, this paper proposed a novel composite sandwich panel with upper and lower GFRP skins and a hybrid polyurethane (PU) foam core (GHP panels). The hybrid core is composed of different densities (150, 250, and 350 kg/m3) of the foam core which is divided functionally by horizontal GFRP ribs. The hard core is placed in the compression area to resist compressive strength and improve the stiffness of the composite sandwich structure, while the soft core is placed in the tension area. Six GHP panels were tested loaded in 4-point bending to study the effect of horizontal ribs and hybrid core configurations on the stiffness, strength, and failure modes of GHP panels. Experimental results show that compared to the control panel, a maximum of 54.6% and 50% increase in the strength and bending stiffness can be achieved, respectively. GHP panels with the hybrid PU foam core show obvious secondary stiffness. Finally, analytical methods were proposed to predict the initial stiffness and peak load of the GHP panels, and the results agree well with experimental results.

Strength criterion for unidirectional CFRP under off-axis loading

A failure criterion is proposed which allows describing the strength of unidirectional CFRP under tension-compression at an off-axis angle with strength applicable for practical use. An experimental verification was carried out which showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. The criterion makes it possible to determine the peak of the failure envelope in the compression area caused, on the one hand, by an increase in strength under in-plane shear due to transverse compressive stresses and, on the other hand, by a decrease in strength due to destruction of the matrix and the interface between unidirectional layer components.