scholarly journals Cardiovascular Reactivity to Acute Mental Stress in Post Ovulatory Females

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-631
Author(s):  
Karishma Rajbhandari Pandey ◽  
Rita Khadka ◽  
Kopila Agrawal ◽  
Bishnu Hari Paudel ◽  
Dipesh Raj Panday
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Female Hormone ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Cardio Protection ◽  
Hormone Influence ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: Female hormones fluctuate with the phases of menstrual cycle. Estrogen, which has attributes in cardio-protection, is secreted less during luteal phase. In post-ovulatory phase, days 1-2 before menstruation has minimal female hormone influence due to less secretion. Mental stress subjected at this phase might enhance sympathetic activation which in long run may precipitate cardiovascular diseases. Hence, to explore the autonomic activity to mental stress during this phase of menstrual cycle the study was undertaken.Methods: Thirty apparently healthy young postovulatory female medical students of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal of age 19.93 (± 0.91) years with BMI of 20.70 kg/m2 (± 2.49) kg/m2 were recruited for the present study. Their short term heart rate variability (HRV) of 5 min was recorded during rest at sitting position. Then each subject was given a mental stress (nine questions selected from MENSA workout questionnaire) for 5 min. During the stress, HRV was recorded simultaneously. Data was statistically analyzed using Friedman test followed by multiple comparisons. The p<0.005 was considered statistically significant.Results: Mental stress significantly decreased RMSSD (p= 0.001), NN50 (p= 0.001) and PNN50 (p=0.001) in time domain and HF nu (p=0.012) in frequency domain parameters of HRV.Conclusions: Young healthy post ovulatory females responded to acute mental stress by withdrawing cardiac parasympathetic activity.Keywords: Female; HRV; mental stress

scholarly journals Acylation-stimulating protein increases and correlates with increased progesterone levels during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumana Saleh ◽  
Manal Al-Khanbashi ◽  
Majida Al-Maarof ◽  
Mohsin Al-Lawati ◽  
Syed G Rizvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Fat Storage ◽  
Female Hormone ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Continuous State ◽  
Acylation Stimulating Protein ◽  
Normal Women

ObjectiveThe menstrual cycle represents a continuous state of change in terms of female sex steroid environment. Progesterone is linked to increased fat storage while estrogen exerts anti-lipogenic effects. This study investigated variations in the potent lipogenic factor acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), and examined its association with hormonal and lipid profile alterations across the menstrual cycle.Methods and designNineteen non-obese women with regular menstrual cycles were investigated in a longitudinal study during the follicular, ovulatory, and mid-luteal phases (ML) of the cycle. Fasting ASP, LH, FSH, progesterone, estradiol, insulin, lipid profile, and apoproteins were evaluated during different phases of the cycle.ResultsASP levels changed significantly throughout the menstrual cycle (K-related Friedman test: P=0.013). Interestingly, these changes coincide with variations in progesterone levels across the cycle as no significant change in the ASP levels was seen across the follicular phases of the cycle, followed by a significant increase in the ovulatory phase, which continued to elevate toward the ML. The ASP levels correlated positively with the progesterone levels normally elevated in the ML. No significant correlation was seen between ASP and estrogen or any other measured female hormone. Multiple regression analysis including all measured parameters and body mass index showed that progesterone was the only significant predictor of the ASP levels.ConclusionOur findings suggest that during the menstrual cycle of normal women, the ASP levels coincidentally fluctuate with the progesterone levels, possibly reflecting cooperation between them in fat storage enhancement.

scholarly journals El ciclo menstrual no afecta el desempeño físico de jóvenes eumenorreicas (Menstrual cycle does not affect physical performance in eumenorrheic youth)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 264-266
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto Aburto-Corona ◽  
Iris Jaquelinne Gil González ◽  
Vanessa Natasha Vega Aguilar ◽  
Juan José Calleja Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Grasa Corporal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Apparently Healthy

 El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si las fases del ciclo menstrual influyen en el salto vertical y en la resistencia aeróbica. Trece estudiantes universitarias asistieron en tres ocasiones aleatorias al Laboratorio de Biociencias de la Motricidad Humana: en la fase folicular (FFolicular), ovulatoria (EOvulatoria) y lútea (FLútea) (entre los días 7 - 9, 12 - 14 y 23 - 25 de su ciclo menstrual regular, respectivamente), todas ellas eumenorreicas, físicamente activas, aparentemente sanas y sin historial de haber ingerido hormonas (edad = 20.8 ± 1.0 años; talla = 157.8 ± 6.0 cm; peso = 59.4 ± 6.8 kg; grasa corporal = 27.5 ± 5.8 %). En cada visita realizaron una prueba de salto vertical y una de resistencia aeróbica. Mediante un test de Friedman de muestras relacionadas, no se encontraron diferencias en el salto vertical (FFolicular = 38.1 ± 14.4 cm, EOvulatoria = 36.0 ± 14.2 cm, FLútea = 36.7 ± 14.4 cm; p = 0.075) ni en la resistencia aeróbica (FFolicular = 783.6 ± 126.9 metros, EOvulatoria = 812.9 ± 179.1 metros, FLútea = 784.5 ± 128.8 metros; p = 0.775) entre las diferentes fases del ciclo menstrual. Los resultados demuestran que el ciclo menstrual no mejora ni empeora el desempeño físico de mujeres jóvenes eumenorreicas.  Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine if the phases of the menstrual cycle influence vertical jump and aerobic resistance. Thirteen university students attended the Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity on three random occasions: follicular (FFolicular), ovulatory (EOvulatoria) and luteal (FLútea) phase (between days 7 - 9, 12 - 14 and 23 - 25 of their regular menstrual cycle, respectively). All of them were eumenorrheic, physically active, apparently healthy, and had no history of ingesting hormones (age = 20.8 ± 1.0 years; height = 157.8 ± 6.0 cm; weight = 59.4 ± 6.8 kg; body fat = 27.5 ± 5.8%). At each visit, they performed a vertical jump test and an aerobic resistance test. Using Friedman test of repeated measures, no differences were found in vertical jump (FFolicular = 38.1 ± 14.4 cm, EOvulatoria = 36.0 ± 14.2 cm, FLútea = 36.7 ± 14.4 cm; p = 0.075) nor in aerobic resistance (FFolicular = 783.6 ± 126.9 meters, EOvulatoria = 812.9 ± 179.1 meters, FLútea = 784.5 ± 128.8 meters; p = 0.775) between the different phases of the menstrual cycle. The results show that menstrual cycle does not improve or worsen physical performance in eumenorrheic young women.

The Sustainable Debts of Philip II

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Debt Service ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Long Run

This chapter addresses the sustainability of debt. A systematic analysis based on the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) methodology to evaluate fiscal sustainability shows that Castile was able to service its debts in the long run. While liquidity was scarce during periods of intense warfare, years of relative peace brought large surpluses. The data collected from Castile's annual fiscal accounts produced new yearly series of revenue, military expenditure, short-term debt issues, and short-term debt service. The resulting database spans a full 31-year period—enough to employ modern quantitative techniques. This analysis provides strong evidence that Castile's fiscal position in the second half of the sixteenth century was on a solid footing. The chapter then assesses whether the events that led to major downturns in Castile's financial fortunes could have been anticipated.

Dampak Insentif Pajak Perumahan Terhadap Potensi Penerimaan Pajak Negara Dan Peningkatan Pendapatan Masyarakat : Kasus Provinsi Papua

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Towaf Totok Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
High Price ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Until now the government and private sector have not been able to address the backlog of 13.5 million housing units for ownership status and 7.6 million units for residential status. The high price of land has led to the high price of the house so that low-income communities (MBR) is not able to reach out to make a home purchase. In addition to the high price of land, tax factors also contribute to the high price of the house. The government plans to issue a policy for the provision of tax incentives, ie abolish VAT on home-forming material transaction. This policy is expected to house prices become cheaper, so the demand for housing increases, and encourage the relevant sectors to intensify its role in the construction of houses. It is expected to replace the lost tax potential and increase incomes. Analysis of the impact of tax incentives housing to potential state revenue and an increase in people's income, especially in Papua province is using the table IO because in addition to looking at the role each sector can also see the impact on taxes (income tax 21 Pph 25 Pph, VAT), and incomes (wage). Although in the short-term impact is still small, but very rewarding in the long run. Keywords: Backlog, Gross Input, Primary Input, Intermediate Input

Literalism and Moral Status

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Figdor
Keyword(s):  
Moral Status ◽  
Moral Standing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Moral Boundaries ◽  
Psychological Capacities

Chapter 9 presents the idea that Literalism undermines current social and moral boundaries for moral status. Possession of psychological capacities, moral standing, and respectful treatment are a standard package deal. So either many more beings enjoy moral status than we now think, or the relative superiority of human moral status over other beings is diminished. It introduces the role of psychological ascriptions in drawing social and moral boundaries by examining dehumanization and anthropomorphism. It argues that in the short term Literalism does not motivate us to do more than make minor adjustments to current moral boundaries. We can distinguish the kinds of psychological capacities that matter for moral status from the kinds that best divide nature at its joints. In the long run, however, Literalism prompts us to reconsider the anthropocentric standards that govern current moral boundaries.

scholarly journals Shades between Black and Green Investment: Balance or Imbalance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5024
Author(s):  
 Vítor Manuel de Sousa Gabriel ◽  
María Mar Miralles-Quirós ◽  
José Luis Miralles-Quirós
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Green Investment ◽  
Bounds Test

This paper analyses the links established between environmental indices and the oil price adopting a double perspective, long-term and short-term relationships. For that purpose, we employ the Bounds Test and bivariate conditional heteroscedasticity models. In the long run, the pattern of behaviour of environmental indices clearly differed from that of the oil prices, and it was not possible to identify cointegrating vectors. In the short-term, it was possible to conclude that, in contemporaneous terms, the variables studied tended to follow similar paths. When the lag of the oil price variable was considered, the impacts produced on the stock market sectors were partially of a negative nature, which allows us to suppose that this variable plays the role of a risk factor for environmental investment.

scholarly journals China’s plastic import ban increases prospects of environmental impact mitigation of plastic waste trade flow worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongguo Wen ◽  
Yiling Xie ◽  
Muhan Chen ◽  
Christian Doh Dinga
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Waste Trade ◽  
Treatment Structure

AbstractSince the late 1990s, the trend of plastic waste shipment from developed to developing countries has been increasing. In 2017, China announced an unprecedented ban on its import of most plastic waste, resulting in a sharp decline in global plastic waste trade flow and changes in the treatment structure of countries, whose impacts on global environmental sustainability are enormous but yet unexamined. Here, through the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, we quantified the environmental impacts of changes in the flow patterns and treatment methods of 6 types of plastic waste in 18 countries subsequent to the ban. In the short term, the ban significantly improved four midpoint indicators of environmental impact, albeit contributed to global warming. An annual saving of about 2.35 billion euros of eco-cost was realized, which is equivalent to 56% of plastic waste global trade value in 2017. To achieve global environmental sustainability in the long run, countries should gradually realize the transition from export to domestic management, and from landfill to recycling, which would realize eco-costs savings of about 1.54–3.20 billion euros.

Determinants of Treasury-LIBOR Swap Spreads

2005 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 687-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Malhotra ◽  
Vivek Bhargava ◽  
Mukesh Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Default Risk ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Interest Rate Volatility ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Swap Spreads

Using data from the Treasury versus London Interbank Offer Swap Rates (LIBOR) for October 1987 to June 1998, this paper examines the determinants of swap spreads in the Treasury-LIBOR interest rate swap market. This study hypothesizes Treasury-LIBOR swap spreads as a function of the Treasury rate of comparable maturity, the slope of the yield curve, the volatility of short-term interest rates, a proxy for default risk, and liquidity in the swap market. The study finds that, in the long-run, swap spreads are negatively related to the yield curve slope and liquidity in the swap market. We also find that swap spreads are positively related to the short-term interest rate volatility. In the short-run, swap market's response to higher default risk seems to be higher spread between the bid and offer rates.

ON THE CONSUMPTION/DISTRIBUTION THEOREM UNDER THE LONG-RUN GROWTH CRITERION SUBJECT TO A DRAWDOWN CONSTRAINT

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 931-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL J. KLASS ◽  
KRZYSZTOF NOWICKI
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Growth Criterion ◽  
Drawdown Constraint ◽  
Riskless Asset ◽  
Distribution Theorem

Consider any discrete time sequence of investment fortunes Fn which has a finite long-run growth rate [Formula: see text] when subject to the present value capital drawdown constraint Fne-rn ≥ λ* max 0≤k≤nFke-rk, where 0 ≤ λ* < 1, in the presence of a riskless asset affording a return of er dollars per time period per dollar invested. We show that money can be withdrawn for consumption from the invested capital without either reducing the long-run growth rate of such capital or violating the drawdown constraint for our capital sequence, while simultaneously increasing the amount of capital withdrawn for consumption at the identical long-term rate of V(r, λ*). We extend this result to an exponentially increasing number of consumption categories and discuss how additional yearly contributions can temporarily augment the total capital under management. In addition, we assess the short-term practicality of creating such an endowment/consumption/distribution program.

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