Structural Evolution of Carbon Dots During Low Temperature Pyrolysis

Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging class of photoluminescent material. Their unique optical properties arise from the discrete energy levels in their electronic states, which directly relate to their crystalline...

Experimental study on preparation of fuel by low-temperature pyrolysis of plastic waste combined with desiccated sludge after preforming

Take plastic waste and dried sludge as raw materials, use pressure testing machine and high temperature hot pressing mold to test under different parameters. The effect of raw material ratio, low-temperature pyrolysis temperature, molding pressure and heating time on the physical properties of the molded fuel after low-temperature pyrolysis, such as relaxation density, fall strength, compressive strength and water permeability, are studied. Single factor tests show that the general range of mixed molding parameters is: mixture ratio (dry sludge: composite plastics) 85:15~75:25, temperature 150~250°C, heating time 20~40min, compaction pressure 2~6MPa. Orthogonal test is designed on the basis of single factor test. The results show that the most important factor affecting the relaxation density of molding fuel is molding pressure, the most important factor affecting compressive strength is the ratio of raw materials, and the most important factor affecting water permeability is heating time. The fall strength is less affected by various factors. It is due to the stickiness of the molded plastic after softening, which strengthens the “cohesion” between the raw materials, and will not be explored in the orthogonal experiment. The optimal combination of relaxation density molding parameters is the ratio (dry sludge: composite plastics) 80:20, temperature 250°C, heating time 30min, compaction pressure 6MPa; the optimal combination of compressive strength molding parameters is 75:25, 250°C, 30min, 6MPa; the optimal combination of anti-moisture absorption performance molding parameters is 85:15, 150°C, 30min, 2MPa.

A Comparison of the Efficiency of Catalysts Based on Ni, Ni-Co and Ni-Mo in Pressure Pyrolysis of Biomass Leading to Hythane

A thermal conversion of biomass to hythane using catalysts was studied. Low-temperature pyrolysis of two different types of biomass was performed in a pressure sealed reactor, and the resulting gas with high contents of CO2 and CO was methanized in a hydrogen atmosphere at a pressure of 30 bar. As catalysts, Ni/Al2O3, NiCo/Al2O3 and NiMo/Al2O3 were used and their catalytic activity was evaluated. The NiCo/Al2O3 catalyst showed the highest catalytic activity, Ni/Al2O3 had a lower but comparable one, and NiMo/Al2O3 showed the lowest activity. The resulting hythane contained 70 vol.% CH4 and 10 vol.% H2 (with NiCo/Al2O3 catalyst, HHV 29.20 MJ/m3, LHV 26.32 MJ/m3), or 57 vol.% CH4 and 23 vol% H2 (with Ni/Al2O3, HHV 25.92 MJ/m3, LHV 23.21 MJ/m3) or 47 vol.% CH4 and 27 vol.% H2 (with NiMo/Al2O3, HHV 23.23 MJ/m3, LHV 20.76 MJ/m3). It has been found that secondary reactions of volatile biomass products are of great importance for successful pressure pyrolysis.

Structural properties of TiO2-SnO2 thin films prepared by new pyrolysis solid-phase method

Nanoscale TiO2-SnO2 films with the Ti:Sn ratio 1:99, 3:97 and 5:95 mol%, respectively, were obtained by solid-phase low-temperature pyrolysis method. The synthesized materials were studied by X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Regardless of the modified agents’ concentration, the structure of cassiterite was observed for all synthesized materials. When studying the effect of synthesis parameters on the materials properties, it was shown that both an increase in the Ti4+ concentration and in the calcination temperature leads to an increase in the particle size.

The Transition to Energy Efficient Biomass Torrefaction Technology

Torrefaction or low-temperature pyrolysis makes it possible to obtain high-quality solid biofuel from various types of biomass (peat, wood and agricultural waste, various types of biowaste) for the needs of distributed energy. The creation of energy supply systems based on local fuel and energy resources is a priority task for Russian Federation. The article presents the results of research on the development of a new method for energy utilization of biomass by torrefaction.

COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF PYROCONDENSATE OF PYROLYSIS WEAR TIRES

One of the options for the disposal of worn car tires is low-temperature pyrolysis, the target product of which is pyrocondensate. The fractional composition and properties of pyrocondensate of pyrolysis of rubber waste obtained at an industrial plant are studied. The pyrocondensate was separated into gasoline and diesel fraction and residue. The composition and properties of these fractions have been studied in detail. X-ray fluorescence analysis and IR spectroscopic studies of pyrocondensate and narrow fractions isolated from it were performed.

Study on the Adsorption Effect of Renewable Biochar Based on Energy Gain

This paper provides sufficient evidence on how the crop-residual-derived charcoal could effectively restore the soil polluted by the heavy metal. In this paper, straw char at three temperatures of 300°C, 500°C, and 700°C, labeled as RS300, RS500, and RS700, was prepared by low temperature pyrolysis technique using straw as raw material, and the competitive adsorption desorption of Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ in acidic solution and the mechanism were investigated by static adsorption experiments. Since the crop-residual-derived charcoal could effectively restore the nutritional structure of the soil, which contributes to preventing the decrease in grain yield, and it is also a kind of renewable environment-friendly resource by itself, which could be used in control the pollution of heavy metal ions, it is expected that the crop-residual-derived charcoal will be a new adsorption material that could be used to control the heavy metal pollution in the future; the adsorption effect of biochar as new adsorption material on heavy metal ions has a distinct advantage over traditional adsorbent materials, and biochar is a renewable energy source, which is cheap and better for recycling resources.