Urban Families in Southern Angola: What Makes Them Work? The Empirical Validation of a Family Life Cycle Model

In this study, we sought to empirically validate the model of development of urban families in Southern Angola. The study was carried out with a sample of 256 participants ( n = 130, 50.78% women; n = 126, 49.22% men) from urban centers of Southern Angola, aged between 18–79 years. We aimed, particularly, to identify women’s and men’s perceptions of their family functioning (SCORE-15), family vulnerability to stress (FILE), family strengths (FSQ), and family investment in rituals and routines (FRQ-R). The results from the structured additive regression models (STAR) demonstrated the adequacy of this model to explain and organize the data from the sample studied. Moreover, the results identified the perception of an adjusted family functioning, despite the high levels of family vulnerability to stress and low levels of family strength, compared with international studies. This study also showed a great investment in family rituals and routines. Results from STAR highlight the consistency of women throughout family evolution, and greater fluctuations in the results presented by men, particularly those who are in the stages of families with an adolescent or a young adult child and families in the “sandwich” generation. These results contribute to the enrichment of Simões and Alberto’s model and a better understanding of the family reality in urban Southern Angola.

#HealthyKidsQuarantined: Supporting Schools and Families With Virtual Physical Activity, Physical Education, and Nutrition Education During the Coronavirus Pandemic

When COVID-19 shuttered Michigan schools, 52 elementary and middle schools statewide were in various stages of implementation of comprehensive health programs, including the integration of physical activity, physical education, and nutrition education. To support the transition to a virtual learning environment, #HealthyKidsQuarantined was launched, providing virtual physical activity, physical education, and nutrition education curriculum and resources. Content was distributed weekly via e-mail to teachers and families alongside a daily social media campaign that disseminated resources to a national audience. Results identified significant content usage by schools (21,300 views/downloads) and engagement through social media (9,800 views/downloads). Teachers, students, and families expressed value in the health content provided, stating it was a support needed in a time of chaos. This study suggests that providing virtual health content may be a feasible way to sustain school and family investment in comprehensive youth health. Furthermore, by utilizing multiple dissemination strategies, virtual programming may be an effective mechanism to expand reach.

Parental job loss and early child development in the Great Recession

Parental job loss may stifle early child development, and this might help explain why children of displaced parents fare worse later in life. To investigate this, the study relies on Irish cohort data (N = 6,303) collected around the Great Recession. A novel approach to mediation analysis is deployed, assessing predictions derived from models of family investment and family stress.Parental job loss is found to exacerbate problem behaviour at age 3 and 5, via the channels of parental income and maternal negative parenting. By depressing parental income, job loss also hampers children's verbal ability at age 3. This is tied to reduced affordability of formal childcare, highlighting a policy lever that might tame the intergenerational toll of job loss.

Household income and child well-being in Japan: The role of grandparental coresidence and residential proximity

In this study, we examined whether and how the income gradient in child well-being may vary by grandparental coresidence and proximate residence in Japan, a country characterized by a high prevalence of intergenerational proximity and intensive family investment in children’s development. Using data from the Japan Child Panel Survey, we first demonstrated that household income is positively associated with multiple dimensions of children’s well-being, a relationship that was particularly strong for cognitive skills. We also found that children from lower-income families were more likely to coreside with grandparents than their counterparts from middle- and higher-income families, and that children from both lower- and higher-income families had similar likelihoods of living near their grandparents. However, children in lower- and higher-income families who coresided with grandparents had lower math and Japanese test scores than those living at a distance. These relationships resulted in smaller income gradients in test scores for children coresiding with grandparents and near their grandparents, relative to those whose grandparents lived farther away. International comparisons showed that the income gradient in children’s academic performance is largest in the US and smallest in urban China, with Japan being in the middle, and that multigenerational coresidence is generally associated with worse cognitive outcomes for children in both lower- and higher-income families across these three very different contexts. These findings provide new insights into the complex ways in which intergenerational proximity is related to economic disparities in children’s well-being.

Entrepreneurship Education for Family Investment Values in Indonesia and the Philippines

Education at home is preparing a child for the future even though parents educate their child without a specific goal. But the child gets the knowledge, value, skills, and habits of parental education with love and compassion. The purpose of this research is to know the entrepreneurial education conducted by parents to children in Indonesia and the Philippines. The study was conducted in Indonesia and the Philippines. The population of this research comes from university students in Indonesia and the Philippines. The research respondent is the first semester student to become a respondent, as it is still heavily influenced by family education, the spread of questionnaires using Google forms, where the intended student is 2019 class students to fill the form provided. The maximum sample amount is determined, 216 respondents were acquired for each country. Data analysis techniques use percentages, data is outlined based on the educational aspect given to students by parents in the family. Shows that parents in Indonesia and the Philippines have done their job well. Indonesia acquires higher average value than the Philippines for all components, namely: knowledge, values, habits, and entrepreneurial skills. Overall, it looks how much the average acquisition shows the difference in the results of Indonesia and the Philippines in educating future entrepreneurs by parents. Habituation in children through assignments to do something at home or homework. The value of skills educated by parents in the form of leadership values and the ability to network, communicate, and make decisions quickly. Entrepreneurship education can provide an intensive investment value as long as the child is still in the educational process of his parents at home.

The distribution of financial responsibility within the family and its effect on family risk behaviors

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Men are more willing to take risks and invest more in stocks than women. Do gender differences with respect to risk tolerance still exist within married and cohabiting couples? In a family, spouses might have different risk attitudes and risk behaviors. This dissertation used the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) longitudinal data to explore the distribution of financial responsibility in a family. Family members designated as "financial respondents" were the people most knowledgeable about the financial situation of the family and they answered HRS questions about finance. Also, the dissertation studied the relationship between the gender of financial respondents and portfolio allocation, adequate emergency funds, and debt burden. The financial respondent's approach to these three factors showed the respondent's attitude toward risk and constituted a family's financial risk behavior. The dissertation found that a family in which the husband/male partner was financially responsible had a higher proportion the family's portfolio in business interests and less in cash. Intra-family interactions between husband and wife reduced gender differences regarding an adequate emergency fund and debt burden. This paper further compared the actual risks in the portfolio with self-reported risk tolerance and found that when women were the financial respondent, the risk of their portfolio might be closer to their self-assessment risk tolerance. Emotionally stable spouses have a greater impact on family investment decisions than spouses with lower emotional stability.

Pengaruh literasi keuangan, experienced regret, risk tolerance, dan motivasi pada keputusan investasi keluarga dalam perspektif masyarakat Bali

This study aims to determine the effect of financial literacy, experienced regret, risk tolerance, and motivation on family investment decisions by taking samples of 105 Balinese residents. The investment decision investigated in this study is dealt with the decision to invest the money in capital market instruments and bank accounts. The analytical method used is a quantitative method using multiple linear regressions. The data were collected using a survey of questionnaire to the respondent. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling method and then continued using convenience sampling. The results of this study indicate that risk tolerance has positive influence on investment decisions of Balinese family. Meanwhile, financial literacy, experienced regret, and motivation do not affect significantly investment decisions of Balinese family. These results imply that Balinese people consider their risk tolerance as the main factor considered in making decision whether to put the money in bank accounts or capital market instruments.