Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi terhadap Pemalsuan Data Ekspor Zinc Ash yang Dilakukan oleh PT Marakes Jaya Abadi di KPPBC Belawan

This article discusses the legal rules governing corporate liability in laws and regulations against falsification of zinc ash export data, and how the factors that cause zinc ash data falsification by corporations and how the criminal law policies against corporations falsify export data. The method used in this paper is a normative legal research method. Normative legal research is the study of legal materials, both primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The factors causing the falsification of zinc ash data by corporations are as follows: The factors causing the falsification of customs documents, among others are: (a) Geographic, (b) Production market, (c) Society. Efforts to tackle the crime of falsifying export data by the Belawan Intermediate Customs and Excise Investigation and Customs Enforcement Team (KPPBC TMP) in Belawan have reflected both ways of countermeasures, namely the repressive penal route and the preventive non-penal route.

Adsorption of Orange II Onto Zn2Al–Layered Double Hydroxide Prepared From Zinc Ash

The dye industry is one of the largest water consuming industries, and at the same time generates large quantities of wastewaters. The resulting wastewaters require proper treatment before discharge, because the dye contents have a negative effect on the water body and organisms present in it. The most efficient treatment method for water containing dyes is represented by adsorption processes. The challenge with these adsorption processes is to develop new, efficient, viable, and economic adsorbent materials. Therefore, in the present paper, the performance of Zn2Al-layered double hydroxide, prepared from an industrial waste (zinc ash) as a zinc source, was investigated in the Orange II dye adsorption process. The Zn2Al-layered double hydroxide prepared from secondary sources presents similar morphological and structural characteristics as those prepared from analytical grade reagents. The influence of initial dye concentration, adsorption time, solid:liquid ratio, pH, and temperature was evaluated in order to confirm the benefit of this waste valorization. A comparison with the reference Zn2Al-layered double hydroxide prepared from analytical grade reagents was performed and the results show that due to the small presence of impurities, the material prepared from zinc ash shows better adsorption capacities (qmax,exp = 42.5 mg/g at 293 K) than the material prepared from reagents (qmax,exp = 36.9 mg/g at 293 K), justifying the utilization of secondary sources for layered double hydroxides preparation. The proposed treatment process presents advantages from both economic and environmental protection point of view.

Rheology of Self-Compacting Concrete Nanocomposites

In the current research work the fresh properties (filling and passing ability, and resistance to segregation of self-compacted concrete (SCC) are investigated with the nanocomposite particles. Under the scope of the research work, the rheological parameters of the fresh self-compacting concrete (SCC) fused with nano sized Blasting Grit (nBG) (average particle size 500 nm) and rod like Zinc Ash (nZA) (average particle size 300 nm) are analyzed. In the scope of the work nZA and nBG are fused in Pozzolana Portland Cement (PPC) and Fine Aggregate (FA) respectively, for 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% by weight of material. The rheological behavior of SCC like filling ability, passing ability and segregation resistance are studied for the modification in SCC. The result shows significance of the material and test method used in this experiment. The output of the experiment shows that the rate of fusing of nZA and nBG in ingredients of the concrete contributes in rheological and mechanical properties of SCC. For the validation of the experimental results the statistical models also prepared, the regression model, ANOVA model and Correlation model gives the importance of the ingredients used along with selected test for the work. The current research is useful for developing zinc ash and blasting grit as a building material. The outcomes of the experiments are more important in a fresh stage of the SCC which was developed as a sustainable way with the good flowing ability.

Comparative studies on acid leaching of zinc waste materials

Three industrial waste materials were characterized in terms of their elemental and phase compositions, leaching behaviour in 10% sulfuric acid solution as well as leaching thermal effects. Slag from melting of mixed metallic scrap contained about 50% Zn and 10% Pb. It consisted mainly of various oxides and oxy-chlorides of metals. Zinc spray metallizing dust contained about 77% Zn in form of zinc and/or zinc-iron oxides, zinc metal and Zn-Fe intermetallic. Zinc ash from hot dip galvanizing was a mixture of zinc oxide, metallic zinc and zinc hydroxide chloride and contained about 80% Zn. Dissolution efficiency of zinc from the first material was 80% (independently on the solid to liquid ratio, 50–150 kg/m3), while decrease of the efficacy from 80% to 60% with increased solid to liquid ratio for the two remaining materials was observed. Both increase in the temperature (20 °C to 35 °C) and agitation rate (300 rpm to 900 rpm) did not improve seriously the leaching results. In all cases, transfer of zinc ions to the leachate was accompanied by different levels of solution contamination, depending on the type of the waste. Leaching of the materials was exothermic with the similar reaction heats for two high oxide-type products (slag, zinc ash) and higher values for the spray metallizing dust.