The Correlation Between the Arm Muscle Strength to Passing Skill in Handball Games

This research aims to find out the relationship of arm muscle strength to passing skills in handball games in members of SME (Student Activity Unit) Suryakancana Cianjur University. The method used in this study used quantitative methods of this type of method with a sample number of 30 people. Data collection uses a push pull dynamometer to then perform data normality tests, data correlation tests, and simple linear regression tests. The results of the study on the data normality test obtained significant values of variableS X, 390 and variable Y of ,257 both values showed that the value exceeded a significant level of >0.05 then the data was normal distribution. Based on the results of the correlation test there is a significance value of 0.09 indicating that the data has a relationship. The results of a simple linear regression test obtained an r-square value of 0.323 that there was an influence on the relationship of arm muscle strength to the passing ability in handball games by 0.323%.Key words: Arm strength, Passing ability, Handball, Sports Skill, Motor ability

Optimal Design of the Six-Wheel Steering System with Multiple Steering Modes

Vehicles will face different working conditions during the use, and different working conditions have different requirements for vehicle functions, which results in many subdivided models. An off-road vehicle is a subdivision model produced to adapt to complex road conditions. In order to adapt to complex road conditions, vehicles should have a good passing ability, small size, and good flexibility. The six-wheeled vehicle has both good passing ability and small volume, which is the best choice for off-road vehicles. The design of the steering system becomes the key step to improve the flexibility of the six-wheeled vehicle. This paper mainly designs an independent steering system for a six-wheel electric vehicle with higher flexibility. The system is designed for six-wheel electric vehicles driven by six in-wheel motors. It mainly includes mechanical steering system and electronic control steering system. Both mechanical steering systems and electronic control steering system have multiple steering modes. Firstly, this paper introduces the various steering modes of the mechanical steering system and the electronic control steering system. Secondly, a CAD model is established by using the software Solidworks, and the system structure is introduced in detail combined with the CAD model. Finally, a kinematics model is established and calculated. The calculation results showed that the steering system can significantly improve the flexibility of the vehicle, so that the vehicle can complete the steering stably and quickly on complex road sections.

Performance of Fiber Self Compacting Concrete at High Temperatures

The goal of this study is to assess the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) prepared using locally available materials. This research includes also the impact of polypropylene (PP), steel and hybrid fibers on the same properties. In addition, the mechanical properties of SCC specimens (with and without fibers) at high temperatures, including as compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths, will be determined. Four different SCC mixtures (with and without fibers) are prepared, tested, and assessed in order to attain these goals. The specimens were heated to various temperatures (200, 400, 600, and 800) at a rate of 5 degrees Celsius per minute for each test. The temperature was remained constant at the target temperature for one hour before cooling to ensure a consistent temperature throughout the specimen. According to the test results, all of the mixes have good consistency and workability in terms of filling and passing ability. In addition, the inclusion of fibers lowered the workability of SCC slightly. Also, the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths improved with increasing temperature up to 200 °C and dropped at temperatures over 200 °C, according to these findings. Within the SCC, the PP fibers lowered and removed the risk of spalling. Concrete mixtures containing steel fibers and hybrid fibers have the finest mechanical characteristics and spalling resistance as temperature rises. Weight losses were lower in SCC mixtures with PP and steel fibers than in those without PP and steel fibers. As the temperature rose, all SCC mixes lost mass and UPV decreased until the samples spalled (as in plain SCC and SCC with steel fibers) or were questionable (as in SCC with PP and SCC with hybrid fibers). Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091779 Full Text: PDF

Performance of sustainable self-compacting fiber reinforced concrete with substitution of marble waste (MW) and coconut fibers (CFs)

Self compacting concrete (SCC) is special type of concrete which is highly flowable and non-segregated and by its own mass, spreads into the formwork without any external vibrators, even in the presence of thick reinforcement. But SSC is also brittle nature like conventional concrete, which results in abrupt failure without giving any deformation (warning), which is undesirable for any structural member. Thus, self-compacting concrete (SCC) needs some of tensile reinforcement to enhance tensile strength and prevent the unsuitable abrupt failure. But fiber increased tensile strength of concrete more effectively than compressive strength. Hence, it is essential to add pozzolanic materials into fiber reinforced concrete to achieve high strength, durable and ductile concrete. This study is conducted to assess the performance of SCC with substitutions of marble waste (MW) and coconut fiber (CFs) into SCC. MW utilized as cementitious (pozzolanic) materials in percentage of 5.0 to 30% in increment of 5.0% by weight of binder and concrete is reinforced with CFs in proportion of 0.5 to 3.0% in increment of 0.5% by weight of binder. Rheological characteristics were measured through its filling and passing ability by using Slump flow, Slump T50, L-Box, and V-funnel tests while mechanical characteristics were measured through compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexure strength and bond strength (pull out) tests. Experimental investigation show that MW and CFs decrease the passing ability and filling ability of SCC. Additionally, Experimental investigation show that MW up to 20% and CFs addition 2.0% by weight of binder tend to increase the mechanical performance of SCC. Furthermore, statistical analysis (RSM) was used to optimize the combined dose of MW and CFs into SCC to obtain high strength self-compacting concrete.

Effects of Induction-Furnace Slag on Strength Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete

Indiscriminate waste disposal poses a severe environmental challenge globally. Recycling of industrial wastes for concrete production is currently the utmost effective way of managing wastes for a cleaner environment and sustainable products. This study investigates the strength characteristics of self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing induction furnace slag (IFS) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). The materials utilized include 42.5R Portland cement, induction furnace slag as an SCM ranging from 0 to 50 % by cement weight at 10 % interval, river sand, granite, water and superplasticizer. The fresh properties were tested for filling ability, passing ability and segregation resistance, the strength characteristics measured include compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and Schmidt/rebound number. The oxide compositions and microstructural analysis of SCC were investigated using x-ray fluorescence analyser (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), respectively. Empirical correlations were statistically analyzed using MS-Excel tool. The filling ability characteristic was determined via both the slump flow test and the T50cm slump flow time test. Moreover, the passing ability characteristic was determined using L-Box test. The segregation resistance characteristic was determined using V-funnel at T5minutes test. The results of the fresh properties showed a reduction in the slump flow with increasing IFS content. On the other hand, the T50cm slump flow increased with increasing IFS content. Furthermore, the L-Box decreased with higher IFS content. On the contrary, the V-funnel at T5minutes increased considerably with greater IFS content. The strength test results revealed that the strength properties increased to 20 % IFS, with a value of 66.79 N/mm2 compressive strength at 56 days, giving a rise of 12.61 % over the control. The SCC microstructural examinations revealed the amorphous and better interface structures with increasing IFS content in the mix. The empirical correlations revealed that linear relationships exist among the measured responses (fresh and strength properties). Ultimately, IFS could be utilized as a sustainable material in producing self-compacting concrete.

Study on the Control of Torque Distribution of 4WD Corn Harvester Operation Drive

In response to the poor adaptability of existing harvesters to complex operating conditions in the field, this study took a three-row four-wheel-drive (4WD) corn harvester as the research object, designed a traveling transmission system layout, proposed a control strategy of driving torque distribution, simulated, and analyzed each of the four states of harvester drive wheels slippage. The results showed that under the driving wheels slipping condition, after applying torque control, the adjustment time was 43.3% shorter than that without control in the case of single wheel slipping, 11.1% shorter than that without control in the case of two wheels slipping on the same axle, 41.4% shorter than that without control in the case of two wheels slipping on different axles, and 36.6% shorter than that without control in the case of three driving wheels slipping. The application of drive torque distribution control could significantly improve the traction and passing ability of the corn harvesters during operation, as well as made the harvester travel more smoothly, thus improving the harvest quality. The drive torque distribution control can be applied not only to the three-row corn harvester, but also to other types of harvesters, and self-propelled agricultural machinery to enhance their adaptability, improving their operation quality. It has a significant reference value for the development of the driving system on walking agricultural machinery.

Increased Anxiety and Decreased Confidence Lead to Poorer Short-Passing Performance in Collegiate Soccer Players

Introduction: Competitive soccer players are required to perform short passing under stressful conditions; their success may be related to their self-confidence and anxiety levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between short-passing ability and anxiety and self-confidence among collegiate soccer players. Methods: Seventeen Division III collegiate soccer players (20.0 ± 1.0 years, 65% female) completed the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI), Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT), Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory (TSCI), and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R) and the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT). Spearman’s rho (rs) was used to identify if a relationship between these inventories and LSPT time existed. Results: Mean LSPT total time was 55.7 ± 12.0 seconds. We observed positive relationships between SCAT and LSPT total time (rs = .51, p = .04) and CSAI-2R and LSPT total time (rs = .55, p =.03). Furthermore, a strong negative relationship was found between TSCI and LSPT total time (rs = -.68, p = .004). Conclusions: There is a relationship between anxiety, confidence and short-passing performance in collegiate soccer players. Coaches should consider interventions to decrease players’ anxiety and improve self-confidence in preparation for soccer competition.

Kontribusi Koordinasi Mata-Tangan, Kelentukan Pergelangan Tangan, dan Daya Ledak Otot Lengan Terhadap Kemampuan Passing atas Permainan Bola Voli Peserta Ekstrakurikuler

This study aims to determine the contribution of hand-eye coordination, hand muscle flexibility, and arm explosive power to the passing ability of the male extracurricular members of SMPIT Al-fityan Gowa. This research belongs to the type of descriptive research with quantitative methods. The population is all male extracurricular participants of SMPIT Al-Fityan Gowa with a sample of 30 people taken by random sampling. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, normality test, linearity test, simple regression test and multiple regression test using computer facilities through the SPSS program. Based on the analysis of the data obtained the results: 1). There is a significant contribution of eye-hand coordination to the ability to pass over the coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.506 (50.6%). 2) There is a significant contribution of flexibility of the superiority of the hand to the ability of passing over with a coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.447 (44.7%). 3). There is a significant contribution of arm muscle explosive power to the ability to pass over with a coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.411 (41.1%) 4). There is a jointly significant contribution of eye-hand coordination, hand flexibility, and arm muscle explosive power to the upper passing ability with a termination coefficient (R Square) of 0.734 (73.4%)