DIGITAL ORTHODONTICS- A CONTEMPORARY VIEW OF FUTURISTIC PRACTICE

The world is going digital and so is the speciality of orthodontics. The knowledge of computers is no longer rudimentary and the application of technology in orthodontics has grown exponentially. Conventional methods of running an orthodontic practice were limited and associated with multiple drawbacks. Owning and running a digital orthodontic practice is the need of the hour and necessity of the future. The aim of this review article is to encourage and promote the orthodontic community to integrate digital elements in their practice. This review article discusses in detail about the various aspects of digital orthodontics involving digital office, study models, three-dimensional imaging, rapid prototyping, virtual treatment planning, artificial intelligence and role of robots. This review article provides an insight into the capabilities and clinical application on currently available digital orthodontic technological systems.

The Use of Technology in the Management of Orthodontic Treatment-Related Pain

Orthodontic pain is one of the negatives associated with fixed orthodontic treatment that cannot be avoided. This pain usually comes around the wire placement period and gradually decreases once the endogenous analgesic mechanisms start functioning. Over the years, several treatment modalities have been utilized for relief from orthodontic pain, and these include mechanical, behavior modification, and pharmacological methods. However, in the last decade, there are several newer methods employing the use of technology that have come up and are being used for alleviating pain. From computerized indirect bonding to virtual treatment planning, technology has slowly become a vital part of an orthodontist’s repertoire. The digital age is here, and orthodontics must embrace the use of technology to help improve the quality of life of patients.

DIGITAL IMPLANT PLANNING: A BRIEF NARRATIVE REVIEW

Recently, the development of radiology, and software engineering, has led to the development of a new protocol called computer-assisted implantology (CAI) or guided implantology. CT / CBCT scanners allow the dentist to visualize a patients anatomy in 3 dimensions. Define the precise measurement of bone for implant placement, soft tissue thickness, proximity and adjacent root anatomy. The exact location of the maxillary sinuses, and other relevant vital structures such as mandibular canal, mental and incisal foramen canal. Once the images are imported, to the software the clinician can then virtually begin treatment planning. The type and size of the planned implant, its position in the bone, its relationship to the restoration and adjacent teeth and/or implants, and its proximity to vital structures can be determined prior to surgery. Computer-generated surgical drill guides can then be manufactured from the virtual treatment plan.

Validation of the OrthoGnathicAnalyser 2.0—3D accuracy assessment tool for bimaxillary surgery and genioplasty

Orthognathic surgery is a widely performed procedure to correct dentofacial deformities. Virtual treatment planning is an important preparation step. One advantage of the use of virtual treatment planning is the possibility to assess the accuracy of orthognathic surgery. In this study, a tool (OrthoGnathicAnalyser 2.0), which allows for quantification of the accuracy of orthognathic surgery, is presented and validated. In the OrthoGnathicAnalyser 2.0 the accuracy of the osseous chin can now be assessed which was not possible in the earlier version of the OrthoGnathicAnalyser. 30 patients who underwent bimaxillary surgery in combination with a genioplasty were selected from three different centers in the Netherlands. A pre-operative (CB)CT scan, virtual treatment planning and postoperative (CB)CT scan were required for assessing the accuracy of bimaxillary surgery. The preoperative and postoperative (CB)CT scans were aligned using voxel-based matching. Furthermore, voxel-based matching was used to align the pre-operative maxilla, mandible and rami towards their postoperative position whereas surface-based matching was used for aligning the pre-operative chin towards the postoperative position. The alignment resulted in a transformation matrix which contained the achieved translations and rotations. The achieved translations and rotations can be compared to planning values of the virtual treatment plan. To study the reproducibility, two independent observers processed all 30 patients to assess the inter-observer variability. One observer processed the patients twice to assess the intra-observer variability. Both the intra- and inter-observer variability showed high ICC values (> 0.92) and low measurement variations (< 0.673±0.684mm and < 0.654±0.824°). The results of this study show that the OrthoGnathicAnalyser 2.0 has an excellent reproducibility for quantification of skeletal movements between two (CB)CT scans.

Contexto y generalidades de la enseñanza del Canto como Licenciatura en tiempos de COVID-19

Objectives: - Contextualization of vocal education in virtual form in the situation of the pandemic. - Description of the teaching experience in the face of the new circumstances of online vocal education - Analyze the points of view of some students of the Bachelor of Singing on distance education. Methodology: The methodology used is qualitative exploratory with field research under a non-probabilistic sample obtained by consensus of the seven participants in the survey, as well as an observational follow-up based on the empirical in virtual teaching of the subject of Bachelor-level Singing. Contribution: - Conceptual revision of the virtual treatment in the musical-vocal area. - Definition of antecedents to formulate a future suitable didactic strategy. - Pre-design of an academic route that contributes to a better performance for virtual classes in the vocal area.