Metabolite profile of two Allium cepa L. aggregatum group cultivars by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Basundari FRA, Sulistyaningsih E, Murti RH, Nuringtyas TR. 2021. Metabolite profile of two Allium cepa L. aggregatum group cultivars by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Biodiversitas 22: 3127-3135. Shallot, an Allium species with high economic value, is widely cultivated in Indonesia. The species includes numerous cultivars with unique characteristics, such as harvesting time, yield, taste, odor, and bulb color. Tuk Tuk and Trisula, the cultivars used in this experiment, have different bulb colors. Tuk Tuk’s bulb color is light red, while that of Trisula is dark red. This color difference may be attributed to variations in the metabolite contents of the shallot bulbs. The present experiment aimed to reveal differences in the metabolite contents of the two shallot cultivars by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and then determine the specific metabolites contributing to these differences. Bulbs of Tuk Tuk and Trisula were planted in the field under the same conditions and then collected. The bulb samples were powdered, freeze-dried, and subjected to a two-phase extraction method with CDCl3 and D2O as solvents to separate the nonpolar metabolites from polar ones. The extracts were analyzed by 1H-NMR, and the spectra collected were analyzed using MNOVA software and Metaboanalyst.ca. A total of 23 metabolites were successfully identified and characterized in this experiment. The contents of eight of these metabolites, namely, sucrose, glutamine, citric acid, choline, methiin, propiin, threonine, and formic acid, were significantly higher in Trisula than in Tuk Tuk. These differences may be correlated with variations in the color intensity, pungency, and other traits of the cultivars. The results demonstrate that NMR metabolite profiling could effectively differentiate metabolite profile variations among shallot cultivars.

Experimental Characterization of an Active Infrared Thermography Heat Source

Accurate knowledge of the heat flux characteristics provided by optical heat sources of long heating time non-destructive infrared thermography techniques is essential to determine the adequate application of such techniques, however detailed characterizations are scarce. Therefore, a thermal and statistical characterization of a halogen lamp was developed. A highly repeatable experimental procedure was used to characterize the heat flux generated at an ideal inspection sample top surface. The characteristics studied were: lamp distance, bulb color, lamp orientation, heat quality, and heating time. The heat flux was determined by using readings of temperature and heat flux from the sample back, and a finite differences lumped capacitance thermal model. Detailed studies using three sensors determined that the heat flux was non-uniform (13% maximum variation). Therefore, a full quantitative characterization of the lamp was developed by using the average of such sensors readings, determining that: this halogen lamp can provide consistent top heat fluxes (although not uniformly distributed) adequate for non-destructive testing infrared thermography, the lamp distance and bulb color affected the amount of heat provided as well as the heat flux uniformity, and lamp orientation did not affect the mean top heat fluxes. This research approach can be used to determine an approximation of the lamp time-averaged heat fluxes for any material with similar top surface optical characteristics. Moreover, the technical data provided are useful to determine the adequacy of heating time, lamp distance, lamp orientation, and bulb color for long heating time non-destructive testing infrared thermography.

Genetic Mapping of Chartreuse Bulb Color in Onion

The most common bulb colors of onion (Allium cepa) are red, yellow, and white; chartreuse is a relatively rare bulb color conditioned by the homozygous recessive genotype at the G locus. In this research, plants with chartreuse bulbs were crossed with inbreds with yellow bulbs to develop segregating families for genetic mapping of the G locus. For all of 17 F2 families, segregations for yellow vs. chartreuse bulbs fit the expected 3:1 ratio (P > 0.05). DNAs were isolated from one F2 family and genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to produce a genetic map of the G locus and 380 SNPs, of which 119 SNPs have not been previously mapped. Segregations for yellow vs. chartreuse bulbs placed the G locus at the end of chromosome 7 at 6.7 cM from the nearest SNP (isotig28625_2789). This codominant SNP marker linked to the G locus should be useful for introgression of recessive chartreuse bulb color into diverse onion populations for commercial production of this uniquely colored onion.

PENGARUH WARNA CAHAYA LAMPU TERHADAP PRODUKSI TELUR BURUNG PUYUH ( Coturnix coturnix japonica )

EFFECT OF LIGHT BULB COLOR ON EGG PRODUCTION OF QUAILS (Coturnix Coturnix japonica). The present study was conducted to determine the effect of different color of light bulbs on egg production of Quails (Coturnix Coturnix japonica). The trial was conducted for seven weeks during the egg laying period. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications was used to as experimental design. Treatments were formulated using 5 different light bulb colors, as follow: R0 = no color (transparent) light bulb, R1 = yellow color light bulb; R2 = green color light bulb, and R3 = red color light bulb. The variables measured were: feed consumption, egg production, and egg weight. Research results showed that treatment did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect daily feed consumption, egg production, and egg weight. It can be concluded that color differences (transparent, yellow, green, and red) in lighting can be used interchangeably in Quail egg production purposes.Keywords: Light bulb color, Quail, feed consumption, egg production, egg weight