Patterns of Forest Encroachment Behavior Based on Characteristics of Immigrants and Local Communities

This study aims to analyze the comparison of the behavioral characteristics of forest encroachers between migrants and local communities. The research method uses descriptive analysis. Sampling using the snowball sampling method. The results showed that the behavior of forest encroachment was formed based on the number of respondents from the most, namely the behavior of sustainable, mixed and unsustainable use. However, when viewed based on land area, it turns out to be inversely proportional to where the area of rubber plantations is at least 822 ha, while the area of oil palm plantations reaches 1203 ha. In addition, it should be noted that the highest land area is found in a mixed pattern. This means that local people have started to look at oil palm plantations for cultivation. Overall, based on the age that dominates the forest encroachers, the range is 31-50 years. The education of migrants is higher than that of local communities, but the pattern of encroachment of local communities is more sustainable when compared to migrants. The number of family members of immigrants is mostly in the medium category, while the number of family members of local communities is mostly in the small category. In addition, squatters whose main occupation is farmers tend to be more sustainable when compared to other occupations. Efforts to resolve the problem of forest encroachment in the Dharmasraya PFMU area can be resolved through sustainable community empowerment activities, improving the handling of encroachers, and increasing the effectiveness of PFMU management.

Patterns of Forest Encroachment Behavior Based on Characteristics of Immigrants and Local Communities

This study aims to analyze the comparison of the behavioral characteristics of forest encroachers between migrants and local communities. The research method uses descriptive analysis. Sampling using the snowball sampling method. The results showed that the behavior of forest encroachment was formed based on the number of respondents from the most, namely the behavior of sustainable, mixed and unsustainable use. However, when viewed based on land area, it turns out to be inversely proportional to where the area of rubber plantations is at least 822 ha, while the area of oil palm plantations reaches 1203 ha. In addition, it should be noted that the highest land area is found in a mixed pattern. This means that local people have started to look at oil palm plantations for cultivation. Overall, based on the age that dominates the forest encroachers, the range is 31-50 years. The education of migrants is higher than that of local communities, but the pattern of encroachment of local communities is more sustainable when compared to migrants. The number of family members of immigrants is mostly in the medium category, while the number of family members of local communities is mostly in the small category. In addition, squatters whose main occupation is farmers tend to be more sustainable when compared to other occupations. Efforts to resolve the problem of forest encroachment in the Dharmasraya PFMU area can be resolved through sustainable community empowerment activities, improving the handling of encroachers, and increasing the effectiveness of PFMU management.

Participation of Forest Encroachers in Participatory Ecosystem Restoration Program in Dangku Wildlife Reserve, Musi Banyuasin

Land conversion and forest encroachment are one of the causes of environmental degradation, as is happening at the Dangku Wildlife Reserve in Musi Banyuasin Regency. The participatory ecosystem restoration program at Dangku Wildlife Reserve has had several positive impacts. It is necessary to analyze the influence of the level of perception on the level of participation of the forest encroachers in supporting the participatory ecosystem restoration program at Dangku Wildlife Reserve. This research is survey research with a qualitative approach that uses respondents as a sample of a population with a total sample of 118 respondents. Perception and participation scores were obtained from the classification or category of answers or opinions of respondents to the questions given by the researcher. The scoring of each answer from the respondents is obtained using a Likert scale. The results showed that although the community's perception of the program was classified as good, it was not positively proportional to the participation of the forest encroachers which was classified as moderate. One of the factors that influence this condition is that the benefits derived from the program are not in line with the expectations and needs of the forest encroacher communities.

Pairing automated mark–recapture and social network models to explore the effects of landscape configuration on hummingbird foraging patterns

Landscape changes can alter pollinator movement and foraging patterns which can in turn influence the demographic processes of plant populations. We leveraged social network models and four fixed arrays of five hummingbird feeders equipped with radio frequency identification (RFID) data loggers to study rufous hummingbird ( Selasphorus rufus ) foraging patterns in a heterogeneous landscape. Using a space-for-time approach, we asked whether forest encroachment on alpine meadows could restrict hummingbird foraging movements and impede resource discovery. We fit social network models to data on 2221 movements between feeders made by 29 hummingbirds. Movements were made primarily by females, likely due to male territoriality and early migration dates. Distance was the driving factor in determining the rate of movements among feeders. The posterior mean effects of forest landscape variables (local canopy cover and intervening forest cover) were negative, but with considerable uncertainty. Finally, we found strong reciprocity in hummingbird movements, indicative of frequent out and back movements between resources. Together, these findings suggest that reciprocal movements by female hummingbirds could help maintain bidirectional gene flow among nearby subpopulations of ornithophilous plants; however, if the distance among meadows increases with further forest encroachment, this may limit foraging among progressively isolated meadows.

TGH Sibawaihi Mutawalli : Kajian Lingkungan dalam Dakwah Modern Islam di Lombok

There has been destruction on this earth both on land and in the ocean as a result of the act of human hands (Al- Qur'an, Ar-Rum; 41). Floods, landslides, forest and land fire which are the result of illegal logging, land burning, forest encroachment are clear evidence of fragments of the above verses of the Qur'an. Though man sent by God Almighty Allah as a leader of the earth who should take care and sustain the environment, and Muslims in particular are assigned as a mercy of the universe (rahmatan lil alamin). Seeing this situation, it needs a Muslim who can be a transformer, driver, accelerator, trigger, and protector to guide human in maintaining and utilizing the environment wisely. On the island of Lombok, socio-culturally in which the figure of Tuan Guru as is the informal leader that considered will be capable of carrying this heavy task. Tuan Guru Haji (TGH) Sibawaihi is a figure who considered has the ability of being the Muslim Scholar (Ulama) who plays an important role in environmental conservation, especially in Lombok Island. This is because he has a complete Tuan Guru type which considered as the requirements of being Environment based da’wah, he has the type of Tuan Guru intellectual, Tuan Guru Pesantren, Tuan Guru Guru Panggung and Tuan Guru Tarekat. Besides, he is also well known as a Tuan Guru who full of motivation and strong on act, innovation and smart on concept, inspire and transform the social-culture life. Lastly his philosophy on concept and act is based on Qur’an, Hadits and the full of fear of almighty Allah SWT.

The impact of community forest formalisation on tenure security and co-management in Thailand

The formalisation of community forestry through legal registration could enhance the tenure security of local communities, although its effectiveness remains unclear. The issue of whether Thailand's registration programme strengthened the tenure security of community forests and altered their customary forest institutions was investigated. The tenure security and forest management of registered community forests with varying levels of tenure disputes were compared across five different localities. The formalisation process and its effects on tenure security were discussed with representatives from communal forest committees and forest officials. Findings indicated that neither management organisation nor forest rules were altered following registration but remained adapted to local forest uses. Moreover, forest communities were confident in the assurance of their use and management rights. The registration generally enabled communities to prevent further forest encroachment and resolve conflicts if forest officials and police provided support. However, limited financial resources hindered communities to manage and monitor forests effectively.