A guide to direct mechanocatalysis

Direct mechanocatalysis (DM) describes catalytic reactions in mechanochemical reactors such as ball mills with the distinctive feature that the milling equipment itself is the catalyst.

Power Characteristics of Mulcher Joints When Removing Tree and Shrub Vegetation

In recent years, the enterprises of forestry and the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Belarus and other countries widely implemented advanced milling tools designed to chop wood, stumps and roots without immersing the cutter in the soil (mulchers) and with immersion (rotovators), which allows you to prepare the ground for planting forest crops. They can be mounted on multi-purpose tractors, loaders and excavators. At the same time, there are no methods that allow carrying out a reasonable choice of technological equipment for a particular basic machine, since a significant number of production, technological and technical factors have an impact on the emerging power and capacity parameters. The proposed method allows taking into account a significant number of variable values (working methods, speeds of various operations, parameters of the working body, its drive and base chassis, soil conditions, etc.) and simulate the interaction of milling tools under various operating conditions. It was found that the greatest loads on the mulcher rotor occur during the felling of tree and shrub vegetation, which is associated with an increase in the area of interaction between the cutters and the wood up to 2 times compared with the chopping of similar lying stands. This value can be reduced by 15–30 % depending on the diameter of the trunks being processed. In the case of a significant amount (cluster) of forest stands with a diameter of more than 10 cm, it is preferable to carry out work at a speed of about 0.2 m/s or advanced felling of these trees. The use of hydraulic travel (speed) reducers or hydrostatic transmission is promising in order to reduce dynamic loads and get better adaptability of the working equipment to natural-production conditions (the ability to work at a speed from 0 to 5 km/h). It should be noted that the installed required engine power for the milling equipment drive should be increased by 10–15 % due to the needs of the drive of various equipment located on the base chassis. Also, in the case of the integrated use of tree and shrub vegetation, it is possible to use mulchers that collect biomass; however, this will require additional energy costs. In this regard, the method can be applied when choosing the parameters of technological equipment for the existing base chassis, to solve the inverse problem, and also to select the operating mode of the milling equipment depending on the natural and production conditions with the possibility of subsequent prediction of the effectiveness of the work performed.

Modification of pseudobrookite Fe1.7Mn0.3-xNixTiO5: Influence of Ni-substitution on the magnetic properties

In this study, the synthesis of pseudobrookite Fe1.7Mn0.3-xNixTiO5 with variations in composition (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15) using a mechanical milling technique has been performed. High purity powder of α-Fe2O3, TiO2, MnCO3, and NiO were prepared as raw materials. The mixture was milled for 5 hours using high energy milling equipment, and sintered at 1000 °C for 5 hours. The refinement result of X-ray diffraction profile shows that the all of pseudobrookite Fe1.7Mn0.3-xNixTiO5 samples have a single phase with particle size of less than 1 μm. The VSM result shows all the samples were ferromagnetic behavior. We concluded that the substitution Ni into Mn on the pseudobrookite Fe1.7Mn0.3-xNixTiO5 can change the magnetic properties of the material from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic through a mechanism of double exchange interaction.

UTILIZING MODERN / UPDATED ENERGY SAVING TECHNIQUES TO EXPLOIT BY PRODUCTS FOR BETTER ECONOMY OF SUGAR INDUSTRY

The term Sugar cane byproduct comprises primarily on bagasse, Molasses & Press mud. However, their contribution would be more or less 30, 5 & 3 % on cane respectively. While, cumulative reflection remains 37– 38%. Principally, byproducts contribute to curtail cost of production to measurable & even survival extent. Amongst all, bagasse due to their 30% larger share has greater opportunity is utilized as prime byproduct to reduce cost with energy efficiency. By & large, bagasse itself utilize to generate power production on cheapest cost as compared to other sources of fuel. Currently, country – wide sugar industry, utilized bagasse to generate power @ 10 - 12 KG/KWH for self-generation. However, Cogeneration can reduce its consumption to 5 KG/KWH which is tremendous opportunity for sugar industry to make it proficient (Its Cogen mode steam consumption of extraction – condensing turbines having parameters 110 bar/ 540 Celsius with power output of 31.2 MW consumed steam at 5 Kg/KWH) With latest techniques steam consumption can be reduced from conventional 50 to 36 – 42% on cane. In order to focus potential opportunities to save bagasse or energy, five distinct areas i.e. a) Mill house Electrification, b) Installation of FFE with integrated vapor distribution, c) capacity utilization, d) Milling equipment & finally e) Plant automation significantly contributes towards optimization with justified pay back.

Use of milling equipment goat filth as fertilizer which mixed with dolamits in the village persadanta Scub-District Barusjahe Districts Karo

This community service aims to increase insight into the use of goat manure as fertilizer mixed with dolomite with very minimal expenditure of money using equipment provided by the USU Community Service Team in 2019 which was carried out in Persadanta Village, Barusjahe District, Karo District. The specific target of this service is to increase the productivity of agricultural products related to the use of fertilizers and be able to sell them to other communities, so as to increase community income for the achievement of a prosperous community, especially farmer groups in the village. So far, the people directly use goat manure as fertilizer for their plants. This is very detrimental to the community because the process is long to be able to become fertilizer and reduced nutrient elements that are poured into plants openly. Besides the use of dolomite mixed with goat manure is very good because dolomite is very much and easily obtained in Tanah Karo. Therefore, it is necessary to give insight and knowledge to the community, especially the Rumah Rih Hamlet Village Group Persadanta Village about the use of goat manure mixed with dolomite. So that people who have been buying fertilizer at a high price can manage it themselves by using the goat manure grinding equipment with the method to be implemented, namely counseling, training, direct practice and work evaluation.