Scaling data PLC sebagai pengontrol motor stepper penggerak ulir extruder

Scaling data PLC untuk penggerak motor stepper pada sistem extruder memengaruhi bentuk produk yang dihasilkan saat proses ekstrusi melalui kecepatan putar dan torsi motor. Produk hasil cetakan akan gagal jika kecepatan putar motor stepper terlalu cepat atau lambat karena pengaruh torsi motor yang bekerja. Dibutuhkan pembatasan kecepatan putar motor stepper menjadi beraturan untuk menghindari kegagalan proses ekstrusi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendesain scaling setpoint dan kecepatan putar motor (rpm) beserta torsi motor (Nm) untuk kontrol torsi motor melalui kecepatan putar motor stepper. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen kuantitatif data scaling dengan menggunakan persamaan matematis scaling setpoint, kecepatan putar motor (rpm) dan torsi motor (Nm). Data hasil didapatkan melalui pengujian simulasi persamaan matematis scaling pada PLC dengan sampel input periode pulsa setpoint antara 100us sampai 1000us. Hasil pengujian dengan daya motor 24Watt menunjukkan kecepatan putar motor stepper antara 49,3rpm sampai 9,4rpm berbanding terbalik dengan torsi motor stepper antara 0,49Nm sampai 2,55Nm. Pada setpoint 800us didapatkan hasil scaling setpoint 820us nilai error sebesar 2,5%, cukup ideal diaplikasikan dengan kecepatan putar 11,4rpm serta torsi 2,1Nm untuk menjalankan extruder dimensi kecil. PLC data scaling for stepper motor drive in extruder system affects the shape of product produced during extrusion process through motor rotational speed and torque. Printed product will fail if rotational speed of stepper motor is too fast or slow due the working torque influence of the motor. It is necessary to limit rotational speed of stepper motor to be regular to avoid failure of extrusion process. The purpose of this research is design scaling setpoint and motor rotational speed (rpm) along with motor torque (Nm) to control motor torque through stepper motor rotational speed. Method used is quantitative experimental data scaling using mathematical equations of scaling setpoint, motor rotational speed (rpm) and motor torque (Nm). Result data is obtained by simulation testing the scaling mathematical equation on PLC with input samples of the setpoint pulse period between 100us to 1000us. Test results with 24Watt motor power show that stepper motor rotational speed is between 49.3rpm to 9.4rpm and inversely proportional to stepper motor torque between 0.49Nm until 2.55Nm. At 800us setpoint, the 820us setpoint scaling results in error value of 2.5%, which is ideal for application with rotational speed of 11.4rpm and torque of 2.1Nm to run small-dimensional extruder.

Energy Analysis of Highway Electric HDV Platooning Considering Adaptive Downhill Coasting Speed

Increase of non-renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions has brought heavy burdens to our planet. Heavy-duty vehicles as a large energy consumer benefit a lot from platooning due to reduced air drag. Comparing to ICE trucks, electric trucks can gain more energy savings from platooning while also reducing CO2 emissions. This paper explores the energy consumption of electric HDV platooning under highway situations and proposes an adaptive downhill coasting speed method with regenerative braking. Simulations show that electric HDV platooning can reach at most 33.4% energy savings with our proposed adaptive coasting speed profile. With a sacrifice of 22.2% travel time, the energy savings can be further increased to 49.3%.

Measurement and Analysis of Torque Ripple in Inverter Driven Electric Machines

Torque ripple in electric machines can create both noise and vibration. While torque ripple is often well understood theoretically, it is much more difficult to accurately predict and measure. Often torque ripple is measured as a function of magnets and slot interaction at extremely low speed, but this can only be extrapolated to understand its implications for noise and vibration and is not useful for understanding torque response during dynamic scenarios like a change in load. The slow speed method of measurement also neglects possible switching effects on the torque profile. This paper will explore challenges in measuring the different sources of torque ripple and give an alternative method to measure torque ripple at higher speeds and also dynamically. This will include best practices and examples.

Geometrical design of a crystal growth system guided by a machine learning algorithm

This study proposes a new high-speed method for designing crystal growth systems. It is capable of optimizing large numbers of parameters simultaneously which is difficult for traditional experimental and computational techniques.

Determinación de los parámetros cinéticos de la pirolisis de la biomasa lignocelulosica

Over the past decades, interest in renewable energy and the environment has grown considerably, with a significant effort being made in the field of energy efficiency, the creation of sustainable technologies and the reduction of the carbon footprint. Therefore, the use of biomass in an economical and efficient way is of interest, and its study and analysis becomes necessary. In this work, kinetic parameters such as activation energy (Ea) and preexponential factor (A) were determined for apple residues using the non-isothermal thermogravimetric method and treating the data obtained under the models mathematicians of the differential method and the maximum speed method, and additionally performing the activation energy distribution. The calculation of the activation energy helped to see the way in which thermal decomposition takes place (if there are one or more processes and in what range of conversions they occur), through the characteristic kinetic constants provided by the kinetic models, allowed to identify the gaseous species emitted by the material, and thus study the processes through which such decomposition occurs

Development of Tool Shape Estimation Method Integrating Multidirectional Optical Measurement

Advance avoidance of machine collision by means of computer simulation is now common in NC machining. However, human errors from the tool shape mounted in the machine tool main shaft not matching the simulation data and the actual tool have become a problem. Therefore, in this research, we have developed a high-speed method of comparing the shape of a tool mounted on a machine tool main shaft and an estimated shape in a simulation. This is done by capturing an image of the tool with a camera and estimating the tool shape from multiple images.