Scaling data PLC sebagai pengontrol motor stepper penggerak ulir extruder

Scaling data PLC untuk penggerak motor stepper pada sistem extruder memengaruhi bentuk produk yang dihasilkan saat proses ekstrusi melalui kecepatan putar dan torsi motor. Produk hasil cetakan akan gagal jika kecepatan putar motor stepper terlalu cepat atau lambat karena pengaruh torsi motor yang bekerja. Dibutuhkan pembatasan kecepatan putar motor stepper menjadi beraturan untuk menghindari kegagalan proses ekstrusi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendesain scaling setpoint dan kecepatan putar motor (rpm) beserta torsi motor (Nm) untuk kontrol torsi motor melalui kecepatan putar motor stepper. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen kuantitatif data scaling dengan menggunakan persamaan matematis scaling setpoint, kecepatan putar motor (rpm) dan torsi motor (Nm). Data hasil didapatkan melalui pengujian simulasi persamaan matematis scaling pada PLC dengan sampel input periode pulsa setpoint antara 100us sampai 1000us. Hasil pengujian dengan daya motor 24Watt menunjukkan kecepatan putar motor stepper antara 49,3rpm sampai 9,4rpm berbanding terbalik dengan torsi motor stepper antara 0,49Nm sampai 2,55Nm. Pada setpoint 800us didapatkan hasil scaling setpoint 820us nilai error sebesar 2,5%, cukup ideal diaplikasikan dengan kecepatan putar 11,4rpm serta torsi 2,1Nm untuk menjalankan extruder dimensi kecil. PLC data scaling for stepper motor drive in extruder system affects the shape of product produced during extrusion process through motor rotational speed and torque. Printed product will fail if rotational speed of stepper motor is too fast or slow due the working torque influence of the motor. It is necessary to limit rotational speed of stepper motor to be regular to avoid failure of extrusion process. The purpose of this research is design scaling setpoint and motor rotational speed (rpm) along with motor torque (Nm) to control motor torque through stepper motor rotational speed. Method used is quantitative experimental data scaling using mathematical equations of scaling setpoint, motor rotational speed (rpm) and motor torque (Nm). Result data is obtained by simulation testing the scaling mathematical equation on PLC with input samples of the setpoint pulse period between 100us to 1000us. Test results with 24Watt motor power show that stepper motor rotational speed is between 49.3rpm to 9.4rpm and inversely proportional to stepper motor torque between 0.49Nm until 2.55Nm. At 800us setpoint, the 820us setpoint scaling results in error value of 2.5%, which is ideal for application with rotational speed of 11.4rpm and torque of 2.1Nm to run small-dimensional extruder.

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Experiment and Optimization of High-Efficiency Mechanical Separation of Peanut Seedlings and Residual Film Based on Suspension Velocity

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.14512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 1381-1389

Author(s):

Fengwei Gu ◽

Meng Yang ◽

Zhichao Hu ◽

Yanhua Zhang ◽

Chong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Performance Tests ◽

Test Results ◽

Material Loss ◽

Validation Test ◽

Residual Film ◽

Forage Utilization

HighlightsAn efficient method for separating peanut seedlings and residual film harvested from film-mulched peanut was proposed, and the mechanism was optimized.The relationships between the suspension velocity and moisture content of different shredded materials were studied.Four-factor, three-level Box-Behnken experiments were carried out and analyzed, and the optimal parameter combination was determined.A validation test was carried out to verify the rationality and accuracy of the optimized regression model.Abstract. To address the problems of lower residual film removal and higher material loss in the forage utilization of peanut seedlings wrapped in residual film, this study explored the relationships between the suspension velocity and moisture content of different shredded materials derived from peanut seedlings and conducted performance tests and parameter optimization for a machine that uses peanut seedlings as forage material. Four-factor, three-level Box-Behnken experiments were designed using the rotational speeds of the shredding shaft, upper fans, and lower fans and the frequency of the vibrating sieve as test factors, and using the residual film removal rate and material loss rate as response values. The test results indicated that the suspension velocity of the shredded materials showed a quadratic relationship with moisture content. The performance tests showed that the significance sequence of the test factors for the residual film removal rate was: rotational speed of the lower fans, rotational speed of the upper fans, rotational speed of the shredding shaft, and frequency of the vibrating sieve. The significance sequence for the material loss rate was: rotational speed of the lower fans, rotational speed of the shredding shaft, frequency of the vibrating sieve, and rotational speed of the upper fans. The parameter optimization and validation test showed that the residual film removal rate was 92.71% and the material loss rate was 8.19% when the rotational speeds of the shredding shaft, upper fans, and lower fans were 1650, 770, and 665 rpm, respectively, and the frequency of the vibrating sieve was 4 Hz. The relative errors between the validation test results and the predicted values from the regression models were less than 3%, which suggests that the regression models are reliable. This study provides a reference for the forage utilization of peanut seedlings harvested from film-mulched peanut and provides a reference for determining the optimal working parameters of forage processing machines. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, Box-Behnken experiment, Optimization, Peanut film-seedling separation, Suspension velocity.

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Exhaust emission from a vehicle engine operating in dynamic states and conditions corresponding to real driving

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-2019-317 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 178 (3) ◽

pp. 99-105

Author(s):

Monika ANDRYCH-ZALEWSKA ◽

Zdzisław CHŁOPEK ◽

Jerzy MERKISZ ◽

Jacek PIELECHA

Keyword(s):

Rotational Speed ◽

Time Derivative ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Test Results ◽

Engine Operation ◽

Vehicle Engine ◽

University Of Technology ◽

The Time Domain ◽

Speed Characteristic ◽

Dynamic States

The article presents the exhaust emission results from a diesel engine in dynamic states of engine operation in the driving tests: NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) and Malta test, developed at the Poznan University of Technology. The NEDC and Malta tests were carried out as simulations on the engine test bench mimicking the driving tests conditions. The test results of the emission of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides obtained in each of the tests were presented. The dynamic states have been classified de-pending on the time derivative value of the torque and engine rotational speed. Both the positive and negative as well as zero time deriv-ative values of torque and rotational speed were considered. Therefore, overall six types of dynamic states were analyzed. A high sensi-tivity of exhaust emission to various types of dynamic states was found. The exhaust emission sensitivity to dynamic states in the Malta test was found to be higher than for the NEDC test, although these tests have similar properties (average rotational speed and average torque). This is due to the fact that the NEDC test is created on the basis of the similarity of zero-dimensional characteristics of the cars speed characteristic, whereas the Malta test was designed in accordance with the principle of faithful representation in the time domain of the NEDC speed curve.

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Effect of the Intensive Plasticizing Zone Design on the Effectiveness of Corotating Twin-Screw Extrusion

Advances in Polymer Technology ◽

10.1155/2019/8518341 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emil Sasimowski ◽

Łukasz Majewski

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Empirical Models ◽

Filling Ratio ◽

Mixing Zone ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Screw Extruder ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a new intensive plasticizing and mixing screw zone design on the effectiveness of the corotating twin-screw extrusion process for talc-filled polypropylene. The study determined the effect of the angle between the trilobe kneading elements forming the intensive plasticizing and mixing zone of the screws, the screw rotational speed, and the polypropylene/talc filling ratio on the characteristics of the extrusion process in a corotating twin-screw extruder EHP-2x20. The paper describes the experimental design and obtained results as well as the developed empirical models for selected variables of the extrusion process.

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Influence of Plastic Deformation During Extrusion Process on Heat Resistance Alloys Fe40Al

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials ◽

10.1515/amm-2017-0336 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 2281-2286 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Pasek ◽

J. Cebulski

Keyword(s):

Plastic Deformation ◽

Heat Resistance ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Test Results ◽

Research Setting ◽

Alloy Matrix ◽

X Ray ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Corrosion Research

AbstractThe article presents the results of studies on the effects wrought on the corrosion resistance of the alloy matrix phase inter-metallic FeAl. Researches were carried out on the Fe40Al5Cr0.2TiB alloy and involved the oxidation of the samples after the crystallization after plastic deformation made by extrusion. The tests were performed in an oven in air at 1100°C for 100, 300 and 500 h. Determined to change the mass of the samples after corrosion research setting kinetics of corrosion processes, as well as an analysis of the microstructure of the alloy after the crystallization and after forming. The structure was examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis with EDS chemical composition of the corrosion products. The test results revealed that plastic deformation during extrusion of intermetallic alloy led to structural changes, the effect of which was to improve the heat resistance at a temperature of 1100°C.

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Experimental Study on the Lubrication and Cooling Effect of Graphene in Base Oil for Si3N4/Si3N4 Sliding Pairs

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi11020160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Lixiu Zhang ◽

Xiaoyi Wei ◽

Junhai Wang ◽

Yuhou Wu ◽

Dong An ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rotational Speed ◽

High Strength ◽

Cooling Effect ◽

Lubricating Oil ◽

Protective Film ◽

Test Results ◽

Wear Properties ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Base Oil ◽

Few Layer Graphene

Recently, the engineering structural ceramics as friction and wear components in manufacturing technology and devices have attracted much attention due to their high strength and corrosion resistance. In this study, the tribological properties of Si3N4/Si3N4 sliding pairs were investigated by adding few-layer graphene to base lubricating oil on the lubrication and cooling under different experimental conditions. Test results showed that lubrication and cooling performance was obviously improved with the addition of graphene at high rotational speeds and low loads. For oil containing 0.1 wt% graphene at a rotational speed of 3000 r·min−1 and 40 N loads, the average friction coefficient was reduced by 76.33%. The cooling effect on Si3N4/Si3N4 sliding pairs, however, was optimal at low rotational speeds and high loads. For oil containing 0.05 wt% graphene at a lower rotational speed of 500 r·min−1 and a higher load of 140 N, the temperature rise was reduced by 19.76%. In addition, the wear mark depth would decrease when adding appropriate graphene. The mechanism behind the reduction in friction and anti-wear properties was related to the formation of a lubricating protective film.

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Keamanan Kunci Ruang Dosen Elektro UMSIDA Menggunakan Ketukan Berbasis Arduino

Jurnal Intake : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Teknik dan Terapan ◽

10.48056/jintake.v11i2.136 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 64-70

Author(s):

FahrizaI Akbarlillah Perdana Buana ◽

Indah Sulistiyowati

Keyword(s):

Modern Technology ◽

Security System ◽

Stepper Motor ◽

Test Results ◽

Safety Device ◽

Correct Number ◽

Time Ratio ◽

Beat Pattern ◽

Piezo Electric

The development of modern technology now are much more advanced and it can make doing a job much easier such as security problems for door locks that are applied to the electrical lecturer room UMSIDA. This tool is designed to run a solenoid lock by using a knock code applied to the door locking system by using microcontroller and piezo electric sensor which will be seen with a security system with knock method. The purpose of this study was to determine the constraints of the door safety device using an electric piezo sensor based on the Atmega328 microcontroller and the system can correctly recognize the beat pattern received and process it. This tool system works when there is an input in the form of a password code through the beats detected by electric piezo if the password code is applied correctly then the microcontroller provides input on relay to activate the solenoid and stepper motor, so the door would open. The result of this research shows that it can identify the correct number of beats a maximum of 15 beats, if it is more than 15 times the beat is wrong. From the result of the trial, fast or not a knock is declared true if the beat time ratio is slow by 4 times knock and the door opens. If the knock pattern is different from what has been determined, then the knock is declared wrong and the door can not open. The test results indicated that it can be concluded that from the test or trial carried out by the object provides true overall results even though the results do not provide 100% results. The results of the analysis of the trial carried out by each objects for 15 times, which affects fast or slow beats, number of beats, the ratio of time between knock

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Evaluation of Basic Driving Characteristics and Implementation of Redundant Speed Limiting Function of a Double-Motor Driving System

Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics ◽

10.20965/jrm.2011.p0408 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 408-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eri Watai ◽

◽

Seonghee Jeong

Keyword(s):

Rotational Speed ◽

Static Friction ◽

Sensor System ◽

Motor Torque ◽

Driving System ◽

Offset Voltage ◽

Safety Function ◽

Related Part ◽

Actuator System ◽

The Relationship

The final goal of this paper is to develop an actuator system with high safety and driving performance using a double-motor driving method. In order to realize the goal, firstly, the driving characteristics of the driving method is identified through several experiments. As a result of the experiments, it was clarified that the relationship between rotational speed and torque of the driving method becomes linear in case of a small offset voltage. In addition, it was verified that the motor torque generated by an offset voltage should be larger than the static friction of a gear reducer in order to reduce a backlash on the output shaft. A Safety Related Part (SRP) for the driving system is implemented to avoid an over speed. The SRP consists of two-channel safety parts capable of executing safety function to cut-off power to motors independently. Through several experiments, it was confirmed that the safety function was well conducted in case of a single failure of a sensor system.

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The Research of Starting Engine In-Motion for HEV

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3008 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 121-126 ◽

pp. 3008-3014

Author(s):

Ming Hui Hu ◽

Shao Zhi Xu ◽

Da Tong Qin ◽

Guo Yun Li

Keyword(s):

Ride Comfort ◽

Test Results ◽

Vehicle Dynamic ◽

Test Bed ◽

Theoretical Derivation ◽

Change Rate ◽

Engine Torque ◽

Motor Torque ◽

Motion Process ◽

The Impact

Based on the vehicle dynamic equation in starting engine in-motion process for HEV, theoretical derivation is conducted to obtain the impact hardness equation in the process. By using matlab/simulink, the law of influence the parameters have on the impact hardness equation is analyzed. Then, coordinated control stategy between the clutch pressure and motor torque, and between motor torque and engine torque is proposed based on the influence law. At last a test bed of the starting engine in-motion for HEV is implemented. The test results show that the change rate of clutch pressure, motor torque and engine torque, can effectively coordinate the change relation between the clutch pressure, the motor torque, and the engine torque. And the test results satisfy the requirements of ride comfort in starting engine in-motion process for HEV well.

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Load Prediction for the Extrusion from Circular Billet to Symmetric and Asymmetric Polygons Using Linearly Converging Die Profiles

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.119 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 622-623 ◽

pp. 119-128

Author(s):

J.S. Ajiboye ◽

S.T. Oyinbo

Keyword(s):

Hydrostatic Stress ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Material Structure ◽

Load Prediction ◽

Round Billet ◽

Optimum Load ◽

The Press ◽

Die Profile ◽

Mathematical Equations ◽

Main Factor

The deformation load is the most important parameter in the press design as it affects the structure and the general integrity of the final product. Therefore, every other parameter such as die shape, friction, type of process (hot or cold), and speed considered in modeling is optimized to cut back on the metal forming load. The flow of metal is largely influenced by the geometry of the die and hence the geometric shape of the tools is the main factor by which an optimum load can be evaluated. In extrusion process the strain distribution, resulting from deformation load, and other important variables that influence material structure, such as a hydrostatic stress, are strongly dependent on the geometry of the die. In the present investigation using linearly converging die profiles, the extrusion of symmetric and asymmetric polygons such as circular, square, triangular, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal, and L-, T-and H-, respectively sections from round billet have been numerically simulated. Mathematical equations describing the die profiles were derived, and then using MATLAB R2009b the co-ordinate of the die profiles was evaluated. A solid CAD model for the linearly converging die profile was made using Autodesk Inventor 2013 software and numerical analysis using DEFORM software for extrusion of the above sections from round billet was then performed to predict, for dry and lubricated condition, the extrusion load during deformation. It is found that the predictive loads for asymmetric shapes are found to be higher than that of the symmetric shapes. While there is no marked difference between the predictive loads for symmetric shapes that of the asymmetric shapes is significant where L-section has the highest extrusion load, followed by T-section and the H-section given the least pressure.

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