From Leading to Guiding, Facilitating, and Inspiring: A Needed Shift for the 21st Century

In the 21st-century context, problem solving, creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and communication are the most valued skills in the workplace. Thus, those in positions often labeled as “leadership” need to make a valuable shift: to guiding, inspiring, and facilitating rather than directing. In this article, I review research on two styles of leadership, transformational and transactional, and relate this research to discussions of the same two types of giftedness. Research on the effectiveness of leaders at engendering creative problem solving has shown the transformational style to be more effective. Leaders are guides in the process rather than the content, facilitators of the gathering and exchange of information from varied sources, and role models as they exhibit effective problem-solving behaviors themselves. As role models, they inspire others to take risks, think innovatively, and collaborate with others. Examples of methods for identifying exceptionally talented leaders and behaviors to observe are provided. In addition, an evidence-based model for igniting, cultivating, extending, and strengthening exceptional talent in leadership is described.

DESIGN MATHEMATICS PROBLEM SOLVING TASKS : STUDENTS RESPONSE

Problem solving is an important part of learning mathematics, but the problem solving ability of students in Indonesia is still low. This study develops problem solving tasks in an Islamic context for junior high school students. Practicality was obtained through test questions on one-to-one and small groups of 22 (twenty two) students from several cities in Indonesia as well as analysis of student work results, questionnaires and interviews. The results of data analysis indicate that practicality Islamic context problem tasks have been obtained and have high validity and reliability so that the questions are feasible to use.

IMPLEMENTATION OF HOTS-BASED LEARNING AND PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DURING THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19 IN SMA BUDI MULIA JAKARTA

The implementation of the 2013 curriculum requires teachers to change their views in implementing learning process in schools. Learning strategies are no longer teacher-centered learning but learner-centered learning. Teachers are required to organize creative and innovative learning as stated in the Lesson Plan. Teachers must master various methods to improve higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of students. In this context, Problem Based Learning (PBL) is the appropriate model in developing students' thinking skills. The 2013 curriculum has adopted Bloom's taxonomy which was revised by Anderson starting from the level of knowing, understanding, implementing, analyzing, evaluating and creating. Because the demands of the 2013 Curriculum must be at the level of creating, students must be continuously trained to produce something new. This study aims to describe the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning method as a model of effective way to build critical and creative thinking skills of students at SMA Budi Mulia Jakarta. This study also explains HOTS-based assessment as a logical assessment of PBL learning.

Power, Prose, and Purse

Power, Prose, and Purse is an edited collection of essays that draw connections between literature, economics, and law. The essays discuss literary works that explore the time period between the Industrial Revolution and the Great Depression and analyze the insights that novelists can offer to law and economics, while noting the tensions among these paradigms. Literature often addresses specific questions connected with a particular context, problem, or character. In contrast, both law and economics aim to focus on identifying general typologies and rules. Money and literature are both useful interpretive tools for understanding the law, and all three allow for greater understanding of human society—especially when considered in a collaborative rather than competitive way. Approaching these issues from a variety of methodological perspectives, including philosophy, history, and literary theory, the essays in this volume explore the important tensions between literature, on the one hand, and law and money, on the other.

Context–Problem Network and Quantitative Method of Patent Analysis: A Case Study of Wireless Energy Transmission Technology

Identification of prevalent problems is an important process of strategic innovation for stakeholders of trending technologies. This paper proposes a systematic and replicable method of patent analysis to identify problems to be solved requisite for sustainable technology planning and development, by implementing the concept of ‘context’ to facilitate problem identification. The main concept of the method entails the importance of the connections between contextual information and problems to provide more focused, relevant, and constructive insights essential for instating goals for research and development activities. These context–problem entities and their entwined connections are discovered using keyword pattern matching, grammar-based text mining, and co-word analysis techniques. The intermediary outputs are then utilized to generate the proposed context–problem network (CP net) for social network, grammar, and quantitative data analysis. For verification, our method was applied to 737 patents in the wireless energy transmission technology domain, successfully yielding CP net data. The detailed analysis of the resulting CP net data delivered meaningful information in the wireless charging technology field: The main contexts, “batteries”, “power transmission coils”, and “cores”, are found to be most relevant to the main problems, “maximizing coupling efficiency”, “minimizing DC signal components”, and “charging batteries”. The results provide a wide range of informative perspectives for individuals, the scientific community, corporate, and market-level stakeholders. Furthermore, the method of this study can be applicable to various technologies since it is independent of specific subject domains. Future research directions aim to improve this method for better quality and modeling of contexts and problems.

Beyond Commuting: Ignoring Individuals’ Activity-Travel Patterns May Lead to Inaccurate Assessments of Their Exposure to Traffic Congestion

This research examines whether individual exposures to traffic congestion are significantly different between assessments obtained with and without considering individuals’ activity-travel patterns in addition to commuting trips. We used crowdsourced real-time traffic congestion data and the activity-travel data of 250 individuals in Los Angeles to compare these two assessments of individual exposures to traffic congestion. The results revealed that individual exposures to traffic congestion are significantly underestimated when their activity-travel patterns are ignored, which has been postulated as a manifestation of the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP). The results also highlighted that the probability distribution function of exposures is heavily skewed but tends to converge to its average when individuals’ activity-travel patterns are considered when compared to one obtained when those patterns are not considered, which indicates the existence of the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP). Lastly, space-time visualizations of individual exposures illustrated that people’s exposures to traffic congestion vary significantly even if they live at the same residential location due to their idiosyncratic activity-travel patterns. The results corroborate the claims in previous studies that using data aggregated over areas (e.g., census tracts) or focusing only on commuting trips (and thus ignoring individuals’ activity-travel patterns) may lead to erroneous assessments of individual exposures to traffic congestion or other environmental influences.