Biosorption of Chromium from Spent Semi-Chrome Liquor: Part 1 Effective Pollution Abatement using Bacillus cerus

The current study focuses on the isolation of Bacillus cerus from mangrove rhizosphere and its ability to treat semi-chrome process liquor of upper leathers. This strain has been identified by its molecular characteristics (16s rRNA sequencing) and confirmation has been obtained from neighbor joining tree. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the strain has been found to be 50 ppm. The growth pattern of this organism has been investigated in the presence of chromium, which showed the bacterial strain can grow luxuriantly at 50 and 100 ppm concentration of chromium. Biosorption study has been conducted at different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm) of chromium. The biosorption capability of Bacillus cerus has been found to be 80.78, 73.19, 65.86, 59.44 and 39.27% for 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm respectively. Chromium sorption from the semi-chrome process liquor by Bacillus cerus has also been investigated, which showed a reduction of 76.15, 68.56, 61.63, 56.29 and 36.51% against 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm of chromium. Sorption characterization has been carried out by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analyses and the results confirmed the presence of sorption of chromium in Bacillus cerus.

Extraction of gallium from simulated Bayer process liquor by Kelex 100 dissolved in ionic liquids

Ionic liquids are shown to beneficially influence the extraction of gallium by Kelex® 100 from alkaline Bayer process liquors.

IMPLEMENTASI PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA RINGAN (Suatu Diskursus Tindak Pidana Miras Di Polres Jombang)

This study aims to (1) understand, identify and analyze the criminal acts of the law enforcement process liquor in the year 2014 to 2015 in Jombang Police. (2) to understand, identify and analyze the implementation of the law of criminal offenses liquor. (3) to understand, identify and analyze causal criminal offense liquor. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach seeks to describe or provide an overview of the phenomenon and the events that occurred. The location of this research at the police station and Jombang Jombang.Data collection techniques in this research is observation, interview, and documentation. This data is analyzed by using the method of collection, reduction and verification and presented in the form of descriptive analysis. The conclusion in this study (1) The Regional Regulation No. 16 of 2009 on the supervision and control of liquor in Jombang has been efficient and effective as existing laws regulate the circulation of liquor. (2) Local legislation is able to address the problemsarising from the crime of drinking. With sanctions that still apply 10% (ten percent) of the maximum sanction, it is expected to be free liquor can be added as a reference Jombang zero in offenses liquor.

The effect of NaOH on the direct calcification–carbonation method for processing of Bayer process red mud

The Bayer red mud generated from the alumina industry is a hazardous solid waste. In our team, a green calcification–carbonation process is proposed for its disposal. Red mud is treated with lime to convert the silicon phase in solution into hydrogarnet, which is then decomposed by CO2 to recover alumina. In order to simplify the process flow, the direct carbonation process is employed, in which the NaOH-containing solution resulting from calcification is sent directly to carbonation without prior liquid–solid separation. The discrete and direct carbonation processes gave 34.9% and 35.5% alumina recoveries, respectively, with Na2O contents in the final red muds of 0.15%wt and 0.21%wt, respectively. The optimum NaOH concentration in the whole calcification–carbonation process liquor was 40 g/l. Under this alkali condition, alumina recovery reached 40.5% and the Na2O content in the processed red mud was reduced to <1 %wt.

Pentosan Extraction from Poplar Treated by Green Liquid

Green liquor, a process liquor of alkali recovery in pulp and papermaking industry, pretreatment used in poplar kraft pulping process and the influences of pretreatment conditions on pentosan extraction have been studied. The results show that the influence of green liquor dosage on pentosan extraction is the most remarkable, with temperature taking the second place and time the third. Under the conditions of liquor ratio 1:4, green liquor dosage 1.5 L/kg (based on oven dried material), temperature 100 °C, time 90 min, higher pentosan extraction ratio of 13.81% (based on the pentosan content of raw material) is achieved. The wood was pulped under normal KP conditions after pretreated by the optimal pentosan extraction conditions. Comparing two kinds of pulp with and without pretreatment at similar stock yield level, the results show that the former has a little lower viscosity, significantly decreased Kappa number and excellent paper physical properties.