Evaluation of Adherence to the Oral Antibiotic Treatment in Patients With Diabetic Foot Infection

Introduction: The knowledge about level of adherence to oral antibiotic treatment in diabetic patients with ulcer infection could be essential as a method of evaluation/monitoring of conservative treatment. Aim: To assess the adherence to oral antibiotic treatment in outpatients with diabetic foot infection (soft tissue vs. osteomyelitis) by 8-item structured, self-reported medication adherence scale. Methods: cross-sectional study was carried out with 46 consecutive patients who had diabetic foot infection (soft tissue or bone infection) and required antibiotic oral treatment at outpatient clinical setting. Medication adherence was tested using the Spanish version of the validated eight-item self-report MMAS-8. Results: patients with diabetic ulcer infection, had well level of adherence to antibiotic medication (7 ± 1.2 vs. 7.4 ± 1.5). Patients with lower level of adherence had lower level of satisfaction with the antibiotic medication. The profile of the patients with lower level of adherence were patients with primary level of education and patient who required more help to take the medication. Conclusion: Patients with diabetic foot infection demonstrated well level of adherence to antibiotic medication, independently of type of infection (soft tissue vs. osteomyelitis) by 8-item structured, self-reported medication adherence scale.

Impact of baseline culture conditions of mouse-derived cancer organoids when determining therapeutic response and tumor heterogeneity

Representative models are needed to screen new therapies for patients with cancer. Cancer organoids are a leap forward as a culture model that faithfully represents the disease. Mouse-derived cancer organoids (MDCOs) are becoming increasingly popular, however there has yet to be a standardized method to assess therapeutic response and identify subpopulation heterogeneity. There are multiple factors unique to organoid culture that could affect how therapeutic response and MDCO heterogeneity are assessed. Here we describe an analysis of nearly 3,500 individual MDCOs where individual organoid morphologic tracking was performed. Change in MDCO diameter was assessed in the presence of control media or targeted therapies. Individual organoid tracking was identified to be more sensitive to treatment response than well-level assessment. The impact of different generations of mice of the same genotype, different regions of the colon, and organoid specific characteristics including baseline size, passage number, plating density, and location within the matrix were examined. Only the starting size of the MDCO altered the subsequent growth. Here we establish organoid culture parameters for individual organoid morphologic tracking to determine therapeutic response and growth/response heterogeneity for translational studies using murine colorectal cancer organoids.

Compressed Dimension of Reservoir Models Uncertainty Parameters for Optimized Model Calibration and History Matching Process

The algorithms and workflows have been developed to couple efficient model parameterization with stochastic, global optimization using a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) for global history matching, and coupled with an advanced workflow for streamline sensitivity-based inversion for fine-tuning. During parameterization the low-rank subsets of most influencing reservoir parameters are identified and propagated to MOGA to perform the field-level history match. Data misfits between the field historical data and simulation data are calculated with multiple realizations of reservoir models that quantify and capture reservoir uncertainty. Each generation of the optimization algorithms reduces the data misfit relative to the previous iteration. This iterative process continues until a satisfactory field-level history match is reached or there are no further improvements. The fine-tuning process of well-connectivity calibration is then performed with a streamlined sensitivity-based inversion algorithm to locally update the model to reduce well-level mismatch. In this study, an application of the proposed algorithms and workflow is demonstrated for model calibration and history matching. The synthetic reservoir model used in this study is discretized into millions of grid cells with hundreds of producer and injector wells. It is designed to generate several decades of production and injection history to evaluate and demonstrate the workflow. In field-level history matching, reservoir rock properties (e.g., permeability, fault transmissibility, etc.) are parameterized to conduct the global match of pressure and production rates. Grid Connectivity Transform (GCT) was used and assessed to parameterize the reservoir properties. In addition, the convergence rate and history match quality of MOGA was assessed during the field (global) history matching. Also, the effectiveness of the streamline-based inversion was evaluated by quantifying the additional improvement in history matching quality per well. The developed parametrization and optimization algorithms and workflows revealed the unique features of each of the algorithms for model calibration and history matching. This integrated workflow has successfully defined and carried uncertainty throughout the history matching process. Following the successful field-level history match, the well-level history matching was conducted using streamline sensitivity-based inversion, which further improved the history match quality and conditioned the model to historical production and injection data. In general, the workflow results in enhanced history match quality in a shorter turnaround time. The geological realism of the model is retained for robust prediction and development planning.

Reflection and Security

Chapter 9 introduces a metaphysical hierarchy of epistemic categories and defends in particular a category of secure knowledge. What unifies the various levels of our hierarchy, as distinct levels of human knowledge, is that on these levels the thinker attains an epistemic success (truth, or aptness) attributable to them, as really their own doing. Coordinately, such success corresponds decreasingly to adventitious external luck. This holds good all along the ascent of attitudes from the animal level of the merely apt, to the reflective-full-well level of the fully apt, to the securely reflective-full-well level attained through competences retained safely and not just by luck: i.e., competences that would not too easily have been missing.

EVALUASI PELATIHAN TEKNIK PENANAMAN CEMPAKA BERDASARKAN TEORI THE FOUR LEVELS KIRKPATRICK

Abstrak. Cempaka merupakan jenis kayu yang memiliki keterikatan erat dengan budaya masyarakat suku Minahasa karena digunakan dalam pembuatan rumah adat. Pasokan bahan baku kayu cempaka sudah semakin terbatas karena keberadaannya sudah semakin berkurang. Salah satu hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk mendukung kegiatan pengembangan cempaka adalah melalui penyebarluasan informasi melalui kegiatan pelatihan teknik penanaman cempaka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi kegiatan pelatihan tenik penanaman cempaka berdasarkan teori The Four Levels yang dikembangkan oleh Kirkpatrick pada level I dan II. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terhadap seluruh peserta kegiatan pelatihan dari 3 (tiga) kabupaten (Minahasa,Minahasa Utara, dan Minahasa Selatan) dengan jumlah peserta masing-masing kabupaten adalah berjumlah 15 orang. Data untuk evaluasi pada level 1 ditabulasi dan selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Evaluasi pada level 2 dilakukan dengan membandingkan data hasil kuesioner pre test dan post test menggunakan uji t sampel berhubungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan tenik penanaman cempaka dapat terlakasana dengan baik (evaluasi level 1). Pelatihan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta yang ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan nilai hasil evaluasi dari kuesioner sebelum dan setelah pelatihan sebesar 22 persen di Kabupaten Minahasa; 20 persen di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, dan 13 persen di Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan (evaluasi level II).Abstract. Cempaka (Elmerrillia sp.) is a type of woods that has a close attachment to the culture of the Minahasa community because it is used in the making of traditional houses. The supply of cempaka wood raw materials has become increasingly limited because its existence has diminished. One of the things that can be done to support the preservation of cempaka is with the dissemination through training in cempaka planting techniques. This study aims to evaluate the training activities of cempaka planting techniques based on The Four Levels theory developed by Kirkpatrick at level I and II. Data collection was carried out by interviewing all training participants from 3 (three) districts (Minahasa, North Minahasa, and South Minahasa) with 15 participants in each district. Data for evaluation at level 1 were tabulated and then analyzed descriptively. Evaluation at level 2 is carried out by comparing the results of the pre-test and post-test questionnaire using the corresponding sample t test. The results showed that the training in cempaka planting techniques was carried out well (level 1 evaluation). The training was able to increase participants' knowledge which was marked by an increase in the value of the evaluation results from the questionnaire before and after the training by 22 percent in the Minahasa District; 20 percent in North Minahasa District, and 13 percent in South Minahasa District (level II evaluation).

Health as a Resource for Social Adaptation for Workers in Present Russia. Part 2

This paper is the continuation of the article focused on the role of health as the most important source for social adaption of workers. This analysis has been based on the data from Russian recurring survey of population wellbeing and health conducted from 1994 to 2018 and the research conducted at the production plants in 5 cities of Russia from 2003 to 2020. In the second part of article there are results of review of real workers behavior on leisure time. As signs of successful social adaptation there were used the most important indicators for social health – satisfaction of work at the production plant, of financial welfare and of life in general. If to consider self-ratings for social wellbeing, the social adaptation is relatively more successful for those who estimate health condition as good. The most workers with higher health self-ratings have higher satisfaction not only at work but also in whole life. At production plants the majority of workers, which consider their health as good, are satisfied with their life in general and refer themselves to people with average level of income. Completed analysis of 5-years trend in dynamic of social health and opinions of workers from one of the largest production plant in Omsk demonstrated following things. In both groups that are at rather well level in terms of self-assessment for health (1) “not bad”, 2) “good and perfect”) we noticed some improvements in self-assessment results for satisfaction in work. However, satisfaction in financial welfare and in life in general improved only for those workers that treated condition of their health at the best level (only “good and perfect”). The level of happiness which has been revealed during the research in 2019–2020 in Omsk depends on self-assessment of health condition and workers with condition of health “good and perfect” demonstrated much more higher happiness indicators.

Fit-For-Purpose History Matching Approach for A Low-Quality Reservoir Under Waterflood: Integration of Uncertain Production Allocation

This paper presents a fit-for-purpose approach to mitigate zonal production data allocation uncertainty during history matching of a reservoir simulation model due to limited production logging data. To avoid propagating perforation/production zone allocation uncertainty at commingled wells into the history matched reservoir model, only well-level production data from historical periods when production was from a single zone were used to calibrate reservoir properties that determine initial volumetric. Then, during periods of the history with commingled production, average reservoir pressure measurements were integrated into the model to allocate fluid production to the target reservoir. Last, the periods constrained by dedicated well-level fluid production and average reservoir pressure were merged over the forty-eight-year history to construct a single history matched reservoir model in preparation for waterflood performance forecasting. This innovative history matching approach, which mitigates the impacts of production allocation uncertainty by using different intervals of the historical data to calibrate model saturations and model pressures, has provided a new interpretation of OOIP and current recovery factor, as well as drive mechanisms including aquifer strength and capillary pressure. Fluid allocation from the target reservoir in the history matched model is 85% lower than previously estimated. The history matched model was used as a quantitative forecasting and optimization tool to expand the recent waterflood with improved production forecast reliability. The remaining mobile oil saturation map and streamline-based waterflood diagnostics have improved understanding of injector-producer connectivity and swept pore volumes, e.g., current swept volumes are minor and well-centric with limited indication of breakthrough at adjacent producers resulting in high remaining mobile oil saturation. Accordingly, the history matched model provides a foundation to select new injection points, determine dedicated producer locations and support optimized injection strategies to improve recovery.

Reducing photovoltage loss at the anode contact of methylammonium-free inverted perovskite solar cells by conjugated polyelectrolyte doping

Doping of conjugated polyelectrolyte (PFN-Br) in MA-free perovskite resulted in a well level matching to reduce VOC loss and improve device performance, achieving a PCE of 20.32% with enhanced stability.

Evaluating the sources and impact of new east coast gas supply

Rystad Energy has conducted a well level supply side study for the Australian east coast gas market, quantifying the widely expected supply shortfall and its timing. This paper presents these findings, along with an economic and technical evaluation of new sources of supply relief and their potential impacts on the market balance. The study suggests the east coast has adequate gas supply to meet demand until 2024, with an average excess of 73 billion cubic feet (Bcf) per annum over this period. However, in 2025 the market will shift to under-supply, starting at 93 Bcf in 2025 and increasing to over half a trillion cubic feet by 2030. Sufficient supply in the short term does not warrant complacency. With the average duration between discovery and first gas for the region being 7.1 years since 1990, even if new (traditional) supply is discovered in 2020, the market will still be undersupplied for at least 3 years. We have identified the four most likely sources of supply relief for the market, each with their own merits, difficulties and development timelines. These new sources include the Beetaloo Sub-basin shales of the Northern Territory, undeveloped coal seam gas acreage, electrifying liquefied natural gas (LNG) export facilities to preserve in-field usage, and finally, LNG importation. A combination of at least two of these sources is required to balance the east coast gas market to 2030. Of the options, LNG importation is the most viable to stave off undersupply in the medium term (3 to 7 years). While Beetaloo Sub-basin shale gas appears the most viable option for secure, long-term supply relief.

Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa

AbstrakTuntutan kemampuan siswa dalam matematika tidak sekedar memiliki kemampuan berhitung saja, akan tetapi mampu menggunakannya dalam pemecahan masalah sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan literasi matematis siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Kediri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 6 siswa dari 26 total siswa dalam 1 kelas. Penelitian ini memperhatikan faktor kemampuan awal matematis siswa (KAM). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, 19% siswa tergolong kategori KAM tinggi dapat menyelesaikan soal rutin, menginterpretasikan masalah dan menyelesaikannya dengan rumus, melaksanakan prosedur dengan baik, mampu untuk mengatasi situasi yang kompleks serta menggunakan penalarannya dalam menyelesaikan masalah, serta siswa mampu bekerja secara efektif serta menginterpretasikan representasi yang berbeda kemudian menghubungkannya dengan dunia nyata (Level 4).Siswa yang tergolong kategori KAM sedang (66%)dapat menyelesaikan soal rutin, menginterpretasikan masalah dan menyelesaikannya dengan rumus, serta melaksanakan prosedur dengan baik (Level 3). Siswa dengan kategori KAM rendah (15%) hanya mampu menyelesaikan soal rutin (level 1).Kata Kunci: Kemampuan awal matematis, kemampuan literasi matematis, deskriptif kualitatif. Analysis of Mathematical Literacy Ability of Students AbstractDemands on the ability of students in mathematics cannot just have the ability to count alone, but they can use it in solving everyday problems. This study aims to analyze the mathematical literacy ability of students at grade XI of SMAN 1 Kediri. The research method used was descriptive qualitative. The research subjects consisted of 6 students from 26 total students in 1 class. This study pays attention to the student's initial mathematical ability (IMA) factor. Based on the results of the study, 19% students who had high IMA could solve routine problems, interpreted problems and solved them with formulas, carried out procedures well, we're able to overcome complex situations and used reasoning in problem-solving, and they were able to work effectively and interpreted representations that were different then connected it to the real world (Level 4). Students who had medium IMA (66%) were able to solve routine problems, interpreted problems and solved them with formulas, and carried out procedures well (Level 3). While students who had low IMA (15%) were only able to solve routine problems (level 1).Keyword: