Coherently amplifying photon production from vacuum with a dense cloud of accelerating photodetectors

An accelerating photodetector is predicted to see photons in the electromagnetic vacuum. However, the extreme accelerations required have prevented the direct experimental verification of this quantum vacuum effect. In this work, we consider many accelerating photodetectors that are contained within an electromagnetic cavity. We show that the resulting photon production from the cavity vacuum can be collectively enhanced such as to be measurable. The combined cavity-photodetectors system maps onto a parametrically driven Dicke-type model; when the detector number exceeds a certain critical value, the vacuum photon production undergoes a phase transition from a normal phase to an enhanced superradiant-like, inverted lasing phase. Such a model may be realized as a mechanical membrane with a dense concentration of optically active defects undergoing gigahertz flexural motion within a superconducting microwave cavity. We provide estimates suggesting that recent related experimental devices are close to demonstrating this inverted, vacuum photon lasing phase.

The Confusion of Modern Cosmology and the New Model

Modern cosmology, based on the existing theoretical physics, combined with astronomical observations and a number of assumptions, formed a relatively complete theoretical system, but it was accompanied by confusion from beginning to end. Singularity, skyrocketing, dark matter, dark energy, etc. are all difficult to solve. Modern theoretical physics has certain limitations. It is questionable to describe the whole universe on the basis of it. At present, the interpretation of observational facts such as cosmological redshift and cosmic background radiation are also seem to be far-fetched. Based on the understanding of the vacuum effect and the fact of the interval effect of the field, an infinite order hierarchical cosmic model is proposed.

IMPROVEMENT OF EXTRUDER WORKING PROCESS WITH TERMOVACUAL EFFECT

The research aim is a theoretical substantiation of the increase in the efficiency of extrudate dehydration due to the supply of air into the vacuum chamber of a modernized extruder with a thermal vacuum working process. On the basis of modern study of the implementation of the thermodynamic process in the interaction of three different air flows in a limited volume of the vacuum chamber of the extruder, one possible way of increasing the efficiency of the finished product dehydration was theoretically justified. In the previously proposed constructive-technological scheme of the extruder, the insufficiently intensive dehydration of the finished product leaving the die of the ma-chine is associated with a relatively low air flow rate at the surface of the cooling extruder. These speed limits the transfer rate of the liquid removed from the extruder by means of wet steam, which is withdrawn from the vacuum chamber of the extruder into a vacuum balloon and condenses. In a modernized extruder, the effect of thermal vac-uum effect is proposed to be enhanced by means of a metered supply of air into the working volume of the extrud-er’s vacuum chamber. The conducted research allowed obtaining analytical expressions with the help of which it is possible to determine the volumetric flow rate of air injected into the vacuum chamber of the machine and to deter-mine its effect on the main structural and technological parameters of the system that ensures the thermal vacuum effect of the extrusion process. The relationship between the coefficient taking into account the influence of the thermal vacuum effect in an autogenous extruder on other significant technical and technological parameters of the machine is shown. The results obtained can be useful and considered in the course of subsequent theoretical stud-ies of extruders with a vacuum chamber and will allow on their basis increasing the efficiency of the machines per-forming the thermal vacuum extrusion of raw materials of plant origin.

British emigration and the Malthus model

The life of Robert Malthus (1766-1834) spanned the decades in Britain of the rapid transition towards mass international migration. In 1826/7, in his famous explication before the Emigration Committee of Parliament, Malthus argued that the ineffectiveness of emigration as a permanent remedy was a consequence of the ‘vacuum effect’. He proposed a series of apparently inescapable tendencies regarding the causes and consequences of population growth, which were generally ‘dismal’. Malthus’ best-known propositions about emigration related to the utility or otherwise of emigration as a means of relieving the pressure of population on subsistence. There exists a debateable let-out clause for Malthus, located in his doctrine concerning the longer-run. There was less rigidity and less pessimism in Malthusian doctrine than is conventionally understood. The most favoured explanation of the demographic order relates to the escape from ‘the Malthusian trap’.

TECHNOLOGY, MEANS OF MECHANIZATION AND POWER EQUIPMENT IN AGRICULTURE

The purpose of the research is theoretical substantiation of the influence of the thermal vacuum effect for the volume consumption of raw materials in the extruder with vacuum chamber. Theoretical studies of the working process of single screw extruders allowed us to obtain analytical expressions, which can be used to determine the volume flow rate of extruded raw materials serial machine. For extruders using thermal vacuum effect in their work, this theory does not allow to obtain acceptable results, since it does not take into account the fact that the technical solution implemented in the experimental extruder, compared with the serial machine allows to increase the coefficient of explosion of the extrudate in 1,5...2 times. In turn, this significantly affects the volume performance of the extruder and does not allow to determine with the necessary accuracy the structural and technological parameters of the vacuum chamber and its sluice gate. In this regard, in the carried out researches, on the basis of the equation of balance of mass of the processed raw materials which is in a path of the extruder and its vacuum chamber, the coefficient consid-ering influence of thermal vacuum effect on volume consumption of raw materials in the experimental extruder is theoretically proved, and also communication of this coefficient with other significant parameters of process of extrusion is established. The obtained results can be useful for further theoretical studies of extruders with thermal vacuum principle of operation and allow to calculate by analytical methods the main parameters of the vacuum chamber of machines performing thermoplastic extrusion of vegetable raw mate-rials.