scholarly journals Remote-controlled cholangiography injection device: first clinical study in China

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Chen ◽  
Li-yu Shan ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Zhe Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Injection Device ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Injection Pump ◽  
Manual Group ◽  
External Biliary Drainage ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Abstract Background X-ray cholangiography is of great value in the imaging of biliary tract diseases; however, occupational radiation exposure is unavoidable. Moreover, clinicians must manually inject the contrast dye, which may result in a relatively high incidence of adverse reactions due to unstable injection pressure. Thus, there is a need to develop a novel remote-controlled cholangiography injection device. Methods Patients with external biliary drainage requiring cholangiography were included. A remote-controlled injection device was developed with three major components: an injection pump, a pressure sensor, and a wireless remote-control panel. Image quality, adverse reactions, and radiation dose were evaluated. Results Different kinds of X-ray cholangiography were successfully and smoothly performed using this remote-controlled injection device in all patients. The incidence of adverse reactions in the device group was significantly lower than that in the manual group (4.17% vs. 13.9%, P = 0.001), and increasing the injection pressure increased the incidence of adverse reactions. In addition, the device helped operators avoid ionizing radiation completely. Conclusions With good control of injection pressure (within 10 kPa), the remote-controlled cholangiography injection device could replace the need for the doctor to inject contrast agent with good security and effectivity. It is expected to be submitted for clinical application.

Measurement of Biodiesel Blend and Conventional Diesel Spray Structure Using X-Ray Radiography

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Kastengren ◽  
C. F. Powell ◽  
K.-S. Im ◽  
Y.-J. Wang ◽  
J. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cone Angle ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spray Structure ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Nozzle Geometries ◽  
Fuel Effects

The near-nozzle structure of several nonevaporating biodiesel-blend sprays has been studied using X-ray radiography. Radiography allows quantitative measurements of the fuel distribution in sprays to be made with high temporal and spatial resolution. Measurements have been made at different values of injection pressure, ambient density, and with two different nozzle geometries to understand the influences of these parameters on the spray structure of the biodiesel blend. These measurements have been compared with corresponding measurements of Viscor, a diesel calibration fluid, to demonstrate the fuel effects on the spray structure. Generally, the biodiesel-blend spray has a similar structure to the spray of Viscor. For the nonhydroground nozzle used in this study, the biodiesel-blend spray has a slightly slower penetration into the ambient gas than the Viscor spray. The cone angle of the biodiesel-blend spray is generally smaller than that of the Viscor spray, indicating that the biodiesel-blend spray is denser than the Viscor spray. For the hydroground nozzle, both fuels produce sprays with initially wide cone angles that transition to narrow sprays during the steady-state portion of the injection event. These variations in cone angle with time occur later for the biodiesel-blend spray than for the Viscor spray, indicating that the dynamics of the injector needle as it opens are somewhat different for the two fuels.

Impact of considering non-occupational radiation exposure on the association between occupational dose and solid cancer among French nuclear workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Fournier ◽  
Enora Cléro ◽  
Eric Samson ◽  
Sylvaine Caër-Lorho ◽  
Dominique Laurier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Environmental Radiation ◽  
Occupational Radiation Exposure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occupational Radiation

ObjectivesThe French nuclear worker cohort allows for the assessment of cancer risk associated with occupational radiation exposure, but workers are also exposed to medical and environmental radiation which can be of the same order of magnitude. This study aims to examine the impact of non-occupational radiation exposures on the dose-risk analysis between occupational radiation exposure and cancer mortality.MethodsThe cohort included workers employed before 1995 for at least one year by CEA, AREVA NC or EDF and badge-monitored for external radiation exposure. Monitoring results were used to calculate occupational individual doses. Scenarios of work-related X-ray and environmental exposures were simulated. Poisson regression was used to quantify associations between occupational exposure and cancer mortality adjusting for non-occupational radiation exposure.ResultsThe mean cumulative dose of external occupational radiation was 18.4 mSv among 59 004 workers. Depending on the hypotheses made, the mean cumulative work-related X-ray dose varied between 3.1 and 9.2 mSv and the mean cumulative environmental dose was around 130 mSv. The unadjusted excess relative rate of cancer per Sievert (ERR/Sv) was 0.34 (90% CI −0.44 to 1.24). Adjusting for environmental radiation exposure did not substantially modify this risk coefficient, but it was attenuated by medical exposure (ERR/Sv point estimate between 0.15 and 0.23).ConclusionsOccupational radiation risk estimates were lower when adjusted for work-related X-ray exposures. Environmental exposures had a very slight impact on the occupational exposure risk estimates. In any scenario of non-occupational exposure considered, a positive but insignificant excess cancer risk associated with occupational exposure was observed.

Comparison Between a Center-Mounted and a Side-Mounted Injector for Gasoline Applications: A Computational Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Nocivelli ◽  
Anqi Zhang ◽  
Brandon A. Sforzo ◽  
Aniket Tekawade ◽  
Alexander K. Voice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fuel Density

Abstract The differences between a center-mounted and a side-mounted injector for gasoline direct injection (GDI) applications are analyzed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The Engine Combustion Network’s (ECN) axisymmetric 8-hole Spray G injector is compared to a 6-hole injector designed to be side-mounted in an engine. Nozzle-flow simulations are carried out with the commercial CFD software CONVERGE, injecting Euro 5 certification gasoline into a constant volume chamber. Low-load operating conditions are targeted, setting the injection pressure at 50 bar and the ambient pressure to be representative of very early pilot injections. The phase change is handled with the Homogeneous Relaxation Model (HRM), which is assessed and adapted to gasoline flash-boiling conditions. The simulation domains are generated leveraging real injector internal geometries obtained by micron-resolution X-ray tomographic measurements, which introduce manufacturing tolerances and surface roughness in the computational study. Steady needle lift conditions are analyzed. The near-field fuel density distributions and plume morphologies are evaluated, validated and compared to X-ray radiography measurements. A computational best practice is defined and single plume characteristics and variability trends are highlighted as functions of the geometry of the orifices. The plume-plume interaction dynamics are identified and assessed, underlining differences from center- to side-mounted injectors at strong flashing conditions. The obtained numerical framework allows the identification of near-nozzle injection characteristics such as single plume direction, cone angle, spray initial velocity and spatial fuel density distribution. The presented results represent a unique dataset for the initialization of more-affordable Lagrangian spray models, which differentiate the behavior of side-mounted and center-mounted injectors.

scholarly journals Absence of major fibrotic adverse events in hyperprolactinemic patients treated with cabergoline

2010 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lafeber ◽  
A M E Stades ◽  
G D Valk ◽  
M J Cramer ◽  
F Teding van Berkhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Test ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Valvular Regurgitation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Additional Imaging ◽  
Chest X Ray

BackgroundCabergoline, a dopamine agonist used to treat hyperprolactinemia, is associated with an increased risk of fibrotic adverse reactions, e.g. cardiac valvular fibrosis, pleuropulmonary, and retroperitoneal fibrosis.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the prevalence and risk of fibrotic adverse reactions during cabergoline therapy in hyperprolactinemic and acromegalic patients.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted in a University Hospital.PatientsA total of 119 patients with hyperprolactinemia and acromegaly who were on cabergoline therapy participated in the study.MethodsAll patients were requested to undergo a cardiac assessment, pulmonary function test, chest X-ray, and blood tests as recommended by the European Medicine Agency. Matched controls were recruited to compare the prevalence of valvular regurgitation. Cardiac valvular fibrosis was evaluated by assessing valvular regurgitation and the mitral valve tenting area (MVTa). The risk of pleuropulmonary fibrosis was assessed by a pulmonary function test, a chest X-ray, and if indicated, by additional imaging studies.ResultsThe prevalence of clinically relevant valvular regurgitation was not significantly different between cases (11.3%) and controls (6.1%; P=0.16). The mean MVTa was 1.27±0.17 and 1.24±0.21 cm2 respectively (P=0.54). Both valvular regurgitation and the MVTa were not related to the cumulative dose of cabergoline. A significantly decreased pulmonary function required additional imaging in seven patients. In one patient, possible early interstitial fibrotic changes were seen. Lung function impairment was not related to the cumulative cabergoline dose.ConclusionCabergoline, typically dosed for the long-term treatment of hyperprolactinemia or acromegaly, appears not to be associated with an increased risk of fibrotic adverse events.

Simulation and Measurement of Fuel Injection Quantity Based on TB4P

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmin Li ◽  
◽  
Jianzhong Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Yuan ◽  
FancanGuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Valve Lift ◽  
Needle Valve ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Injection Pump ◽  
Injection Quantity ◽  
Fuel Injection Pump ◽  
Fuel Injection Pressure

In order to improve the measurement accuracy of fuel injection quantity based on Test Bench for fuel injection Pump (abbr. TB4P), on the basis of the function between needle valve lift and fuel injection quantity, two-level pressure adjustment module, which combines proportional flow rate valve with pressure sensor and takes advantage of spring of fuel injector, is used to control the outlet pressure of fuel injection pump, which results in the fuel injection pressure stably. Fuel injection pump and fuel injector are modeled by use of HCD of AMESim, and the system model of fuel injection quantity measurement is built. Simulation curve of fuel injection quantity is got by AMESim, which is compared with the curve of standard fuel injection quantity according to relative error. The results show that the relative error from the data of simulation system is smaller, so the methods of measurement and simulation in this paper are effective.

Gd-DTPA in Male Urethrography

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (3P2) ◽  
pp. 804-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vehmas ◽  
P. Tervahartiala
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Case History ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Urethral Diverticulum ◽  
Radiological Examination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good Contrast

Patients with a case history of severe side-effects from iodine-containing contrast media present problems in later radiological examination. We report here on an alternative, the first extravascular use of Gd-DTPA in an X-ray urethrography. By using the standard processing algorithm of our digital radiographic equipment and 60 ml undiluted Gd-DTPA meglumine (469 mg/ml) we achieved good contrast and could exclude the suspected urethral diverticulum in a 26-year-old man. No adverse reactions occurred. Gd-DTPA seems to offer a reasonable contrast and may be used as an alternative extravascular contrast medium in selected conventional radiographic studies.

scholarly journals Iodinated contrast media

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
Sami S. Alshowiman ◽  
Abdullah H Sahrah ◽  
Ayman K. Alswailem ◽  
Saud F. Alotaibi ◽  
Abdulaziz A. ALtowaijiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Radiographic Image ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Life Threatening

Contrast media are the materials utilized in radiology to improve the visualization of certain body structures subjected to analysis in a medical image. Contrast media are, then, diagnostic drugs because they increase the visibility of organs and tissues and allow the identification of details that otherwise could not be observed. With the introduction of multidetector computed tomography the number of patients undergoing contrast studies has grown exponentially in recent years. In computed tomography the formation of the radiographic image is obtained with the use of contrast media containing iodine atoms, exploiting the different attenuation that the X-ray beam presents in crossing the anatomical districts. The Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM) are a category of numerous substances formed by even complex molecules that vary considerably in their properties, uses and toxic effects. Even though iodinated contrast agents have a good safety profile, it is necessary to understand that some patients can have severe, life-threatening allergic reactions because of the side effects of the chemicals. This paper describes the clinical pharmacology, use and adverse reactions of intravenous iodinated contrast media used in computerized tomography, offering all doctors, even non-radiologists, the opportunity for rapid updating.

scholarly journals Anti-CoVid19 plasmid DNA vaccine induces a potent immune response in rodents by Pyro-drive Jet Injector intradermal inoculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Nishikawa ◽  
Chin Yang Chang ◽  
Jiayu A Tai ◽  
Hiroki Hayashi ◽  
Jiao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Injection Device ◽  
Short Term ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Plasmid Dna Vaccine ◽  
Potent Immune Response

There is an urgent need to limit and stop the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic via quick development of efficient and safe vaccination methods. Plasmid DNA vaccines are one of the most remarkable vaccines that can be developed in a short term. pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co, which is a plasmid DNA vaccine, was designed to express severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. The produced antibodies lead to Immunoreactions against S protein, anti-receptor-binding-domain, and neutralizing action of pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co, as confirmed in a previous study. To promote the efficacy of the pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co vaccine, a pyro-drive jet injector (PJI) was employed. PJI is an injection device that can adjust the injection pressure depending on various target tissues. Intradermally-adjusted PJI demonstrated that pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co vaccine injection caused a strong production of anti-S protein antibodies, triggered immunoreactions and neutralizing actions against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, a high dose of pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co intradermal injection via PJI did not cause any serious disorders in the rat model. Finally, virus infection challenge in mice, confirmed that intradermally immunized (via PJI) mice were potently protected from COVID-19 infection. Thus, pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co intradermal injection via PJI is a safe and promising vaccination method to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Topical Issues of Rational Use of Iodine-Containing Contrast Agents in X-Ray Diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
N. L. Shimanovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary Interventions ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coronary Interventions ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

The possibilities of rational use of iodine radiopaque agents in computed tomography and percutaneous coronary interventions are considered, taking into account the route, method of their administration and the viscosity of their solutions. When fixing the rate of iodine administration and the temperature of the injected solution, the required injection pressure of the contrast media is determined by the solution viscosity.

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