The Essential Steps to Buying an Engagement Ring

Your partner is a rarity inside and out, and you want an engagement ring worthy of them, but while you know your beloved, you know little if anything about precious metal and gems. this article is help you with a step-by-step guide to finding the ring that is right for them and that will shine with your love for the rest of your lives. In what follows, we break it down for you from the fuzzy, like how to find out what your partner really wants, to the technical, like how a gemstone is valued and graded in the marketplace and which precious metals and alloys are best for a lifetime of beauty and wear.

(m, n)-Convexity-cum-Concavity on Fuzzy Soft Set with Applications in First and Second Sense

Soft set theory is considered as one of the best effective tool which provides parameterization approach to tackle the inadequacy of fuzzy set. So far, it has been applied to different mathematical concepts such as set operations, algebraic structure (e.g., group and ring theory) and topological spaces. Many researchers have studied classical concept of convex and concave set under fuzzy-like, soft-like and fuzzy soft-like environments. In this paper, new notions of (m, n)-convex and (m, n)- concave fuzzy soft sets are developed first and then their versions for first and second senses are established. Further some known classical results and properties are generalized under fuzzy soft set environment. Moreover, special cases of (m, n)-convexity on fuzzy soft sets are established

Bearing Fault Identification Using Machine Learning and Adaptive Cascade Fault Observer

In this work, a hybrid procedure for bearing fault identification using a machine learning and adaptive cascade observer is explained. To design an adaptive cascade observer, the normal signal approximation is the first step. Therefore, the fuzzy orthonormal regressive (FOR) technique was developed to approximate the acoustic emission (AE) and vibration (non-stationary and nonlinear) bearing signals in normal conditions. After approximating the normal signal of bearing using the FOR technique, the adaptive cascade observer is modeled in four steps. First, the linear observation technique using a FOR proportional-integral (PI) observer (FOR-PIO) is developed. In the second step, to increase the power of uncertaintie rejection (robustness) of the FOR-PIO, the structure procedure is used serially. Next, the fuzzy like observer is selected to increase the accuracy of FOR structure PI observer (FOR-SPIO). Moreover, the adaptive technique is used to develop the reliability of the cascade (fuzzy-structure PI) observer. Additionally to fault identification, the machine-learning algorithm using a support vector machine (SVM) is recommended. The effectiveness of the adaptive cascade observer with the SVM fault identifier was validated by a vibration and AE datasets. Based on the results, the average vibration and AE fault diagnosis using the adaptive cascade observer with the SVM fault identifier are 97.8% and 97.65%, respectively.

Design and Implementation of a Fuzzy Logic Controller for Inverted Pendulum System Based on Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms

The inverted pendulum is a standard classical problem in the branch of control and systems. If a cart is bushed by force then its position and angle of the pendulum will be changed. Several controllers may employed, keeping the pendulum arm upright by controlling at the cart location. In this search paper, the fuzzy-like PID (FPID) controller has been used to control the inverted pendulum, and the parameters of the controller are tuned with several evolutionary optimization algorithms like a genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimization (ACO), and social spider optimization (SSO.) The result of tuned FPID with evolutionary optimization is compared with conventional PID, and it shows that FPID with SSO has been given the best result.

Design Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Like (PID) Controller for Trajectory Tracking of Mobile Robot

One of the major problems in the field of mobile robots is the trajectory tracking problem. There are a big number of investigations for different control strategies that have been used to control the motion of the mobile robot when the nonlinear kinematic model of mobile robots was considered. The trajectory tracking control of autonomous wheeled mobile robot in a changing unstructured environment needs to take into account different types of uncertainties. Type-1 fuzzy logic sets present limitations in handling those uncertainties while type-2 fuzzy logic sets can manage these uncertainties to give a superior performance. This paper focuses on the design of interval type-2 fuzzy like proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for the kinematic model of mobile robot. The firefly optimization algorithm has been used to find the best values of controller’s parameters. The aim of this controller is trying to force the mobile robot tracking a pre-defined continuous path with minimum tracking error. The Matlab simulation results demonstrate the good performance and robustness of this controller. These were confirmed by the obtained values of the position tracking errors and a very smooth velocity, especially with regards to the presence of external disturbance or change in the initial position of mobile robot. Finally, in comparison with other proposed controllers, the results of nonlinear IT2FLC PID controller outperform the nonlinear PID neural controller in minimizing the MSE for all control variables and in the robustness measure.

Design Of Speed Controller For Three Phase Induction Motor Using Fuzzy Logic Approach

The use of Induction Motor (IM) has been increased becuase of it’s robust construction , simple design , and low cost . This paper presents a methodology for the application and performance of Fuzzy like PI Controller to set the frequency of Space Vector Pulse-Width modualtion (SVPWM) Inverter applied to closed loop speed control of IM. When the controller is used with current controller, the quadratic component of stator current is estimated by the controller. Instead of using current controller, this paper proposes estimating the frequency of stator voltage. The dyanamic modelling of the IM is presented by dq axis theory. From the simulation results, the superiority of the suggested controller can be observed in controlling the speed of the three-phase IM.