DEVELOPMENT OF WOOD GRINDING 1. GRINDING MODEL

The aim of this study was to develop and test a model expected to be useful in interpretation of stone grinding of wood. Since stone grinding has been in use for about two centuries, it is surprising that some grinding mechanisms still remain undiscovered. The application of an energy balance set-up for the wood and grindstone surfaces, valid for wood grinding under conditions presenting continuity, resulted in a useful model. The theoretical model developed suggests that the ratio of the compression and tension powers, called the power ratio, depends linearly on the specific production. The experimental grinding data tested in this context follow the theoretical model. Hence, it would be a valuable tool in further evaluation of grinding and groundwood data.

UTILIZATION OF TEA WASTE AS AN ALTERNATIVE FILLER FOR NATURAL RUBBER

Tea leave is considered worthless after being discarded. It frequently dumps to the environment without providing the best solution on it. In this study, tea leave waste (TW) was applied to be used as alternative filler for natural rubber. The study was evaluated through the curing characteristics, tensile properties and the morphology of the composites. The results have shown some interesting findings. As for the curing characteristics, the maximum torque was increased with increasing the TW loadings whereas the scorch and curing time showed the decreasing trend. The tensile modulus was also influenced by the addition of TW which correlated to the maximum torque observed. The extent of mechanical properties depends on the loadings of TW. Considering the amounts of TW, a 10 phr of TW was found to be a content of choice for natural rubber. It provided a balance set of properties regardless whether the mechanical properties and morphological characteristics of the natural rubber.

Synchronization Based on Node Balance Set for Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Methods:By applying various techniques especially node balance set, the network lifetime is increased and delay is minimized. To accomplish node balance set, Cluster Head (CH) determination mechanism is implemented and clustering based load balanced is established. Further, the enactment of the anticipated designs is established through simulations in the circumstance of scalable data transmission in a WSN.Results & Conclusion:Hypothetical study and experimental simulations are studied by various performance evaluation metrics namely clock offset, number of transmitted messages, delayed messages and Residual Energy. The results confirm that clustering with node balance set saves more energy in WSN and also it reduces synchronization errors.Background:In a Wireless Sensor Network, one of the important issues is minimizing energy consumption without losing accuracy during data transmission. Communication must be released in an optimized way, which enhances energy efficiency in the networks.

Dynamic redox balance directs the oocyte-to-embryo transition via developmentally controlled reactive cysteine changes

The metabolic and redox state changes during the transition from an arrested oocyte to a totipotent embryo remain uncharacterized. Here, we applied state-of-the-art, integrated methodologies to dissect these changes in Drosophila. We demonstrate that early embryos have a more oxidized state than mature oocytes. We identified specific alterations in reactive cysteines at a proteome-wide scale as a result of this metabolic and developmental transition. Consistent with a requirement for redox change, we demonstrate a role for the ovary-specific thioredoxin Deadhead (DHD). dhd-mutant oocytes are prematurely oxidized and exhibit meiotic defects. Epistatic analyses with redox regulators link dhd function to the distinctive redox-state balance set at the oocyte-to-embryo transition. Crucially, global thiol-redox profiling identified proteins whose cysteines became differentially modified in the absence of DHD. We validated these potential DHD substrates by recovering DHD-interaction partners using multiple approaches. One such target, NO66, is a conserved protein that genetically interacts with DHD, revealing parallel functions. As redox changes also have been observed in mammalian oocytes, we hypothesize a link between developmental control of this cell-cycle transition and regulation by metabolic cues. This link likely operates both by general redox state and by changes in the redox state of specific proteins. The redox proteome defined here is a valuable resource for future investigation of the mechanisms of redox-modulated control at the oocyte-to-embryo transition.

BSC/ABC EFFICIENCY AND PERFORMANCE STRATEGY

Currently a rapid boom has been experienced in telecom sectors. In such a milieu, the pursuit of enhancing service quality has become imperative among the service providers. The balanced scorecard should be viewed as a dynamic system that evolves as the company’s strategy evolves. The four perspectives of the scorecard permit a balance between shortterm and long-term objectives, between outcomes desired and performance drivers of those outcomes, and between hard objectives measures and soften more objective measures. This balance set of measures that reveal the trade-offs that managers have already madе among performance measures and encourage them to achieve their goals in the future without making trade-offs among key success factors.

The establishment of savings banks in colonial New Zealand 1840-1907

Purpose This paper aims to highlight the reasons for the establishment of savings banks in New Zealand, with a primary thesis being that savings banks in New Zealand were intended to operate in a similar way to those in the UK. That is, to provide banking services to the working classes and supply revenue to a cash-strapped government. Savings banks were reasonably successful in meeting the needs of their depositors but provided little revenue to the government. This gives rise to a secondary thesis that, when the Government was presented with the opportunity to establish the Post Office Savings Bank (POSB), they did so with revenue in mind. Design/methodology/approach Contemporaneous scholarly discussion along with newspaper, primary sourced bank and government archives builds an interpretation of why savings banks were established in New Zealand. This interpretation is presented in the form of a narrative, which tells the story of the rise of private savings banks in New Zealand and their eventual stagnation when the POSB was introduced. Findings Savings banks in New Zealand were initiated by Governor Grey primarily to provide an alternative source of development funding. New Zealand savings banks, initially modelled on UK and New South Wales variants, also appear to have been designed to meet the needs of the working classes, with deposits limited to £50 a year and a maximum balance set of £100 in total. However, as the requirement to invest in Government debt was removed from their founding legislation, they mainly provided mortgages to their local communities. To some extent, this situation was remedied in 1867 when the POSB was established, as it was required to invest as directed by the Government. Originality/value The narrative highlights the importance of savings banks and the POSB to both the people and government of New Zealand. This research adds to the discussion surrounding the purpose of savings banks and details the contributions made by both savings banks and the POSB in colonial New Zealand. As previous publications were in the main commissioned by various savings banks, this work provides an independent academic analysis of the first savings banks in colonial New Zealand in the period from the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 until New Zealand became a dominion in 1907.