scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF TEA WASTE AS AN ALTERNATIVE FILLER FOR NATURAL RUBBER

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Hayeemasae ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Tea Waste ◽  
Balance Set

Tea leave is considered worthless after being discarded. It frequently dumps to the environment without providing the best solution on it. In this study, tea leave waste (TW) was applied to be used as alternative filler for natural rubber. The study was evaluated through the curing characteristics, tensile properties and the morphology of the composites. The results have shown some interesting findings. As for the curing characteristics, the maximum torque was increased with increasing the TW loadings whereas the scorch and curing time showed the decreasing trend. The tensile modulus was also influenced by the addition of TW which correlated to the maximum torque observed. The extent of mechanical properties depends on the loadings of TW. Considering the amounts of TW, a 10 phr of TW was found to be a content of choice for natural rubber. It provided a balance set of properties regardless whether the mechanical properties and morphological characteristics of the natural rubber.

The Effect of Chitosan Loading on the Properties of Chitosan Filled Epoxidized Natural Rubber Compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 851-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Shaari ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Nadras Othman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill

The study of chitosan loading onto epoxidized natural rubber compounds were prepared by incorporation of chitosan into epoxidised natural rubber matrix using a two-roll mill. The effects of chitosan loading on the curing characteristics, tensile properties and morphology of the compounds were investigated. Results indicated that slight changes in curing time (t90), and scorch time (tS2) of the compounds with the incorporation of chitosan. An increment is observed in the maximum torque, tensile modulus and durometer hardness of the compounds while tensile strength and elongation at break declines with chitosan loading.

scholarly journals The use of illite in function of filler applied in rubber blend

2021 ◽  
Vol 1199 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
M Pajtášová ◽  
B Pecušová ◽  
S Ďurišová ◽  
D Ondrušová ◽  
Z Mičicová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Rate Coefficient ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Rubber Blend ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The presented work was dealing with the study of the commercial filler influence change in rubber blend by an alternative filler based on the clay mineral - illite. The focus of the presented work was aimed at the study of selected curing characteristics of rubber blend with addition of clay mineral filler and physico-mechanical properties of prepared vulcanizates. Curing characteristics, the processing safety, minimum and maximum torque, optimal curing time and curing rate coefficient were determined during the curing experiment phase. Selected physico-mechanical properties were given by the determination of hardness, tensibility and tensile strength. The obtained results proved the possibility of partial commercial filler replacement by an alternative filler and the positive effect of clay mineral on resulting important properties in rubber industry.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Morphological Characterization of PLA/Chitosan/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainoha Zakaria ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Azman Hassan ◽  
M. K. Mohamad Haafiz ◽  
Reza Arjmandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Phase Segregation ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Attractive Interaction ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Good Dispersion

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/chitosan (CS) natural polymer/epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) composites were successfully prepared through a solution casting method. The morphological characteristics of fabricated composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. The microstructure of PLA/ENR was significantly altered with the addition of CS. SEM analysis of composites fractured surfaces revealed smooth and homogeneous texture and good dispersion of CS. However for 15 wt% CS composites, the phase segregation and poor adhesion between the polymers were observed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed some levels of attractive interaction between CS, PLA, and ENR in the composites. The mechanical properties of composites in terms of tensile strength and tensile modulus were significantly improved with the addition of CS into the matrix while the percent elongation at break decreased. The tensile strength increased up to 5 wt% CS loading for both PLA/CS and PLA/ENR/CS and thereafter decreased while Young’s modulus increased up to 10 wt%. However, when the CS content was increased to 15 wt%, the tensile strength and tensile modulus were slightly decreased. These improvements were attributed to good dispersion of CS at the optimum filler levels and attractive interaction between the composites components.

The Effect of Wollastonite on Curing Characteristics, Tensile and Morphology of Natural Rubber Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Hoang T.B. Diep ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
A. Rashid Azura ◽  
Ng. Van Tu ◽  
Tsutomu Takeichi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fracture Surface Morphology ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Wollastonite filled natural rubber (NR) compounds were prepared using a laboratory two-roll mill. The filler was loaded into NR at different loading, i.e., 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 part per hundred of rubber (phr). The effect of wollastonite on curing characteristic, tensile and morphology properties has been studied. Results indicated that the cure time (t90), scorch time (t2), tensile strength and elongation at break of the NR compounds decrease with increasing wollastonite loading but the maximum torque, tensile modulus M100 (stress at 100% elongation), M300 (stress at 100% elongation) increase with increasing wollastonite loading. The fracture surface morphology of the NR compounds was investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). More filler detachment from NR surface was observed with increasing wollastonite loading.

scholarly journals Rheometer Evidences for the Co-Curing Effect of a Bismaleimide in Conjunction with the Accelerated Sulfur on Natural Rubber/Chloroprene Rubber Blends

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Marek Pöschl ◽  
Shibulal Gopi Sathi ◽  
Radek Stoček ◽  
Ondřej Kratina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Alder Reaction ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Ene Reactions ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Diels Alder Reaction ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

The rheometer curing curves of neat natural rubber (NR) and neat chloroprene rubber (CR) with maleide F (MF) exhibit considerable crosslinking torque at 180 °C. This indicates that MF can crosslink both these rubbers via Alder-ene reactions. Based on this knowledge, MF has been introduced as a co-crosslinking agent for a 50/50 blend of NR and CR in conjunction with accelerated sulfur. The delta (Δ) torque obtained from the curing curves of a blend with the addition of 1 phr MF was around 62% higher than those without MF. As the content of MF increased to 3 phr, the Δ torque was further raised to 236%. Moreover, the mechanical properties, particularly the tensile strength of the blend with the addition of 1 phr MF in conjunction with the accelerated sulfur, was around 201% higher than the blend without MF. The overall tensile properties of the blends cured with MF were almost retained even after ageing the samples at 70 °C for 72 h. This significant improvement in the curing torque and the tensile properties of the blends indicates that MF can co-crosslink between NR and CR via the Diels–Alder reaction.

scholarly journals The effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) / chloroprene rubber (CR) blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Syahrul Fauzi Siregar ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

Effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends were investigated. The ALK was synthesized from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine, and incorporated into the silica-filled NR/CR blends as a non-toxic rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that the ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the silica-filled NR/CR blends. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength at a 1.0 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. The swelling measurement proved that the 1.0 phr loading of ALK caused the highest degree in crosslink density of the silica-filled NR/CR blends.

scholarly journals Cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of carbon black-filled Natural Rubber (NR)/Chloroprene Rubber (CR) blends in the presence of alkanolamide

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 12005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Mimpin Ginting ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

The cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of carbon black (CB)-filled natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends in the presence of alkanolamide (ALK) were investigated. The NR/CR blends were prepared at 50/50 blend ratio. The ALK was prepared from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine and added into the CB-filled NR/CR blends as a rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that the ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the CB-filled NR/CR blends. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength up to 5.0 phr of ALK and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. The swelling test proved that the 5.0 phr loading of ALK caused the highest degree in crosslink density of the CB-filled NR/CR blends.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document