Introduction

The revolutionary advent of actresses in the commedia dell’arte had a profound impact on the all-male stage. The transnational circulation of Italian texts, roles, topoi, and players prompted the emergence of the Italian-style innamorata in the drama of Shakespeare and his peers. As novelties who quickly became star attractions, the best actresses of Italy expanded on the bold innamorata of erudita drama, making her more poetic and versatile, qualities that enabled the actress to cross divides of genre, gender, and race. Theatricality and autonomy came to characterize these new female protagonists, roles created to display the prima donna’s glamour and skill. The diva’s fame leapt across borders as troupes ventured across the Alps to Vienna, Paris, and Madrid. In the 1570s, the “theatergram of the actress” took root in England. After the comici performed for Elizabeth and for popular audiences, Lyly, Kyd, Marlowe, and others wrote groundbreaking plays featuring ardent women in love on the Italian model. In sum, the Shakespearean stage drew on the diva’s role-playing, materials, and methods to bring crowd-pleasing foreign “women” to a theater without women.

An Italian Model for the Management of Cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic: the Oncological Orientation region Center (COrO) of Taranto (ROP)

Objective: The recent outbreak of COVID-19 caused a limitation of the resources of the National Health System and the necessity to formulate novel practice recommendation for oncological care. To date there are not available any management guidelines for cancer patients in case of pandemic. Each center has tried to manage its own needs and requests independently, often reducing access to treatment and diagnostic exams to patients. Here we have described the management of cancer patients during COVID-19 infection with suggestions of some practical approaches applied by our Regional Center for Oncological Orientation (COrO) in S.G. Moscati Hospital (Taranto-Italy). Subjects and Methods: Our strategies were the minimization of interruption of cancer treatment through the extension of Taranto's Health Regional (CorO). The extension of oncological network, assisted by the General Management of Taranto ASL through agreements with private structures in Taranto 's area allowed cancer patients to receive up to 11 different types of services, according to their needs(first investigation or follow up)and representing an exclusive organization on the entire Italian territory. Results: Thanks to the organization of the COrO in 2020, 1406 first oncological visits and 566 preparatory treatments were carried out, 372 of exemption for oncological pathology (free health care) were activated, 1742 instrumental investigations and 7 cases of civil invalidity were performed(certificate of disability). Conclusions: We have overcome the barriers to care of oncology patients that has led to a total reduction of waiting lists representing a practical application model that can be extended in to other healthcare settings.

TERRITORIAL INNOVATION CLUSTERS: WORLD LANDMARKS / UKRAINIAN REALITIES

The article investigates the formation of innovation clusters at the regional level, considering the practical world experience. Based on the analysis of current trends in the development of the national economy as a whole and its individual components in the form of regions, the need to use the processes of combining production with scientific institutions and government organizations has been proved. The analysis of theoretical approaches to the use of the economic category «cluster» showed a certain similarity of opinions of experts, but also allowed to identify a variety of approaches, based on which the author’s definition of the cluster is proposed. The analysis of cluster classification allowed to outline the classification features and identify possible types of innovation clusters. Research of features and differences of clusters from other territorial and administrative associations allowed to define their advantages and to find out lacks. Scientific approaches to the features, advantages, and prospects of formation of innovation clusters, the main driving force of which for the socio-economic systems of the regions is dynamism, adaptability, and synergy, are analyzed. The preconditions for the formation of innovation clusters at the regional level are systematized. Analysis of the experience of developed countries in the practice of clustering of the economy allowed to identify three geographically determined centers of development of innovation clusters and historically formed models of their formation. A detailed analysis of the latter allowed to determine their main characteristics, their typical features and to indicate examples of use in certain countries. Quantitative characteristics of existing innovation clusters in advanced countries by industry specificity are studied. Based on the analysis of the existing Development Strategies of individual regions of the country, a description of the state of formation and development of cluster models in certain sectors of the national economy is given. The existing obstacles to the active innovative development of the country’s regions have been identified, and the application of the Italian model, which has minimal obstacles to implementation, has been recommended as conclusions. Keywords: cluster, innovation, development, regions, synergetic effect, cluster models. JEL Classification G21, O33, F65 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 23.

The New Italian Model Bit Between Current and Future Trends

In 2021, the new Italian Model Bilateral Investment Treaty has been published. It replaced the 2003 Model bit and can be considered as a significant example of the “new generation of bit s”, which try to better balance investor rights with the public prerogatives of States. The Model Treaty also introduces significant innovations as to the conduct of arbitrators and the corporate social responsibility of investors and is also aimed at coordinating Italian and European foreign investment policies. This article offers a view of this new Model bit and tries to insert it in the broader context of the proposed reforms regarding international investment law and arbitration.

Contractual networks and their Impact upon consumer well-being: legal regulation and prospects

The subject of this research is the contractual (business) networks and their impact upon consumer well-being from the perspective of current legal regulation and prospects. As an example, the author chose an Italian model il contratto di rete. Attention is focused on such questions associated with the activity of contractual networks as the advantages for the companies that are part of the network with or without legal capacity; consumers; the so-called “beneficiary members”, who are not the parties to the network creation agreement, but may have benefits or costs from interaction of its members. The novelty of this research consists in determination of the advantages and disadvantages of the activity if contractual networks. It is also noted that the current trend towards creating business networks on a contractual basis (legal entity or contract) is carried out in terms of complementarity and economic autonomy for the purpose of obtaining competitive advantages by increasing productivity, innovation potential, profitability, etc., and raises issues on the liability with regards to binding results of network cooperation through creating a special form of their secondary impact upon the beneficiary members.

Community Mental Health Services in Italy

In 1978, in Italy, approval of Basaglias reform law marked a shift from an asylum-based to a community-based mental health system. The main aim of the reform was to treat patients in the community and no longer in psychiatric hospitals. Following the Italian model, similar reforms of mental health care have been approved worldwide. The community-based model aims to promote integration and human rights for people with mental disorders on the basis of their freedom to choose treatment options. By 2000, all psychiatric hospitals had been closed and all patients discharged. Mental health care is organized through the Department of Mental Health, which is the umbrella organization responsible for specialist mental health care in the community; this includes psychiatric wards located in general hospitals, residential facilities, mental health centres, and day-hospital and day-care units. Approval of Law 180 led to a practical and ideological shift in the provision of care to patients with mental disorders. In particular, the reform highlighted the need to treat patients in the same way as any other patient, and mental health care moved from a custodialistic to a therapeutic model. Progressive consolidation of the community-based system of mental health care in Italy has been observed in the past 40 years. However, some reasons for concern still exist, including low staffing levels, potential use of community residential facilities as long-stay residential services, and a heterogeneity in the availability of resources for mental health throughout the country.

Dental Practice after COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Italian Guidelines and Current Literature to Propose Appropriate Protocols for Dental Practices

On March 11th, 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. This disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus that can be spread by symptomatic or asymptomatic carriers through contact, droplets and airborne transmission. Because of the transmission routes of this virus, dental treatments are considered “high risk” procedures, both for patients and operators. Italy was one of the most affected European countries and experienced a long lockdown period. Guidelines were provided by the Italian Health Ministry for a safe reopening of dental practices. In this article those guidelines are reported and compared with the available literature. The Italian model for reopening dental practice appears to be coherent with the indications provided by WHO and is supported by several studies.

FRI0184 ATTRIBUTION OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTATIONS TO SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN POLISH COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH THE USE OF THE ITALIAN MODEL

Background:Distinguishing primary NPSLE (neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus) from secondary causes remains challenging (1). Attribution models were developed in order to aim clinicians in correct classification of NPSLE cases (2).Objectives:To investigate the prevalence of primary NPSLE manifestations assigned with Italian model of attribution (2).Methods:We retrospectively assessed clinical details of 164 patients with SLE classified with 2012 SLICC (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics) classification criteria, 21 were excluded due to incomplete information. Data was gathered with a questionnaire comprising demographics, medical history, laboratory results (concentrations of antibodies against double stranded DNA – anti-dsDNA, complement components C3 and C4), disease activity measured with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and Physician Global Assessment (PGA) and damage determined with SLICC/ACR (American College of Rheumatology) Damage Index (SDI). Neuropsychiatric manifestations were categorized in accordance with 1999 ACR glossary and attribution of manifestations was performed with the use of Italian model with the score ≥7 out of 10 points enabling assignment to primary NPSLE group (2). Statistical analysis was conducted with Statistica v.13.3 using Mann-Whitney U, chi-square and Fisher exact test.Results:We encountered 155 NP manifestations in our cohort and 52 (34%) were attributed to SLE. Characteristics of the study groups are presented in Table 1. Exact manifestations and their attribution rates are presented on Graph 1. Patients with attributable NPSLE were younger, had earlier disease onset, presented higher disease activity, lower damage accrual without taking NP damage into account and more often had increased anti-dsDNA serum concentration.Table 1.Demographic and laboratory characteristics with disease activity and damage of the study groups, N(%) or mean(±SD).CharacteristicPatients with attributed NPSLE manifestationsPatients without attributed NPSLE manifestationsPatients34 (23.8%)109 (76.2%)Sex, female30 (88.2%)102 (93.6%)Age (years)37.6 (±11.7)44.3 (±13.9)*Age of disease onset (years)32.5 (±11.4)37.6 (±12.6)*Disease duration (years)5.1 (±4.1)6.8 (±5.6)SLEDAI-2K29.2 (±10.7)12.2 (±8.1)*patients with clinically active disease (defined as SLEDAI-2K≥6 in clinical manifestations)34 (100%)93 (85.3%)*SLEDAI-2K without NP manifestations14.8 (±8.4)11.0 (±6.7)*PGA2.1 (±1.0)1.2 (±1.0)*SDI0.5 (±0.8)0.7 (±1.1)SDI without NP damage0.3 (±0.6)0.7 (±1.1)*low C3/C4 complement component concentration in serum21 (61.8%)55 (50.4%)elevated anti-dsDNA autoantibody concentration in serum27 (79.4%)55 (50.4%)*NPSLE – neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, SLEDAI-2K – Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index version 2000, PGA – physician global assessment, SDI – SLICC/ACR (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology) Damage Index*p<0,05, Mann-Whitney U, χ2or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriateConclusion:Primary NP manifestations in patients with SLE occur mainly in young patients with high disease activity. Cerebrovascular disease, seizures, psychosis and cranial neuropathy are most frequent primary NPSLE manifestations.References:[1]The American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42(4):599–608.[2]Bortoluzzi A, Scirè CA, Bombardieri S, Caniatti L, Conti F, De Vita S, et al. Development and validation of a new algorithm for attribution of neuropsychiatric events in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2015;54(5):891–8.Disclosure of Interests:None declared