scholarly journals TERRITORIAL INNOVATION CLUSTERS: WORLD LANDMARKS / UKRAINIAN REALITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
pp. 418-428
Author(s):  
N. Ridei ◽  
T. Hohol ◽  
V. Liubarets ◽  
Y. Zemlina ◽  
N. Rodinova
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Cluster Models ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Italian Model ◽  
Innovation Clusters

Abstract. The article investigates the formation of innovation clusters at the regional level, considering the practical world experience. Based on the analysis of current trends in the development of the national economy as a whole and its individual components in the form of regions, the need to use the processes of combining production with scientific institutions and government organizations has been proved. The analysis of theoretical approaches to the use of the economic category «cluster» showed a certain similarity of opinions of experts, but also allowed to identify a variety of approaches, based on which the author’s definition of the cluster is proposed. The analysis of cluster classification allowed to outline the classification features and identify possible types of innovation clusters. Research of features and differences of clusters from other territorial and administrative associations allowed to define their advantages and to find out lacks. Scientific approaches to the features, advantages, and prospects of formation of innovation clusters, the main driving force of which for the socio-economic systems of the regions is dynamism, adaptability, and synergy, are analyzed. The preconditions for the formation of innovation clusters at the regional level are systematized. Analysis of the experience of developed countries in the practice of clustering of the economy allowed to identify three geographically determined centers of development of innovation clusters and historically formed models of their formation. A detailed analysis of the latter allowed to determine their main characteristics, their typical features and to indicate examples of use in certain countries. Quantitative characteristics of existing innovation clusters in advanced countries by industry specificity are studied. Based on the analysis of the existing Development Strategies of individual regions of the country, a description of the state of formation and development of cluster models in certain sectors of the national economy is given. The existing obstacles to the active innovative development of the country’s regions have been identified, and the application of the Italian model, which has minimal obstacles to implementation, has been recommended as conclusions. Keywords: cluster, innovation, development, regions, synergetic effect, cluster models. JEL Classification G21, O33, F65 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 23.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND LEGAL MECHANISM FOR COMBATING LEGALIZATION (LAUNDERING) OF INCOME RESULTING FROM TAX EVASION IN THE CONTEXT OF DEOFFSHORIZATION OF UKRAINE’S ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
pp. 497-505
Author(s):  
``````M. Blikhar ◽  
N. Ortynska ◽  
О. Dufeniuk ◽  
M. Vinichuk ◽  
О. Matviienko
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
State Budget ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Legal Mechanism

Abstract. Growing trends in the shadowing of the international and national economy contribute to the strengthening of legalization of income resulting from tax evasion, using offshore zones, which have favorable fiscal and monetary and financial regimes, with a high degree of protection of banking and trade secrecy, as well as loyalty to institutional regulation. In recent years, the problem of legalization (laundering) of income from tax evasion in offshore zones has become more acute, caused by the violation of Ukraine’s national interests due to the reduction of tax revenues to the state budget and the outflow of capital outside the country. The offshoring of the national economy has reached alarming proportions as the country, in a prolonged financial and economic crisis, chronic underfunding of sectors of the national economy and acute shortage of financial resources, invests in highly developed countries. Given this situation, the problem of studying the mechanism of counteraction to legalization (laundering) of income received as a result of tax evasion in offshore zones becomes especially relevant. The article identifies the features and prerequisites for the functioning of offshore zones, outlines the main problems of effective counteraction to legalization (laundering) of income received as a result of tax evasion in offshore zones. The research of the basic schemes and methods of legalization (laundering) of the incomes received as a result of tax evasion with use of offshore zones is carried out; the economic and legal analysis of normative and legislative maintenance in the field of counteraction to legalization (laundering) of the incomes received as a result of tax evasion, in offshore zones is performed; the dynamics of the number of criminal offenses in the field of tax evasion with the use of offshore zones is analyzed. Measures of the system of counteraction to legalization (laundering) of incomes received as a result of tax evasion through offshore zones are systematized and improvement of the economic and legal mechanism of counteraction to legalization (laundering) of the incomes received as a result of tax evasion through offshore zones is offered. Keywords: legalization (laundering) of income, tax evasion, economic and legal mechanism, offshore zones. JEL Classification H26, O17  Formulas: 0; fig.: 4; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 13.

Role of The Halal Industry in Recovering the National Economy in Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-214
Author(s):  
Cucu Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Online News ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Business Sectors

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia is attacking not only public health but also the economy. The presence of Covid-19 has many important impacts on developed countries. There are at least four industries most impacted by this pandemic, including households, MSMEs, companies and the financial industry. However, the halal industry is believed to be more resilient to the Covid-19 pandemic. This durability is because of the principles attributed to the halal sector, namely the importance of fairness, balance and openness. The author’s goal is therefore to carry out more in-depth research on the role of the halal industry in supporting the national economy, which is under pressure because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of study is a literature review with a material analysis approach that explores the conditions of the halal industry in Indonesia in depth. The material received is as books, published information, and online news. The findings of this study reveal that there are three halal business sectors that are believed to be more vulnerable to the Covid-19 pandemic in order to facilitate national economic recovery. Halal finance, halal food and halal fashion industries are among them. Halal finance from both the banking sector and the Islamic stock market has proved to be more robust than the mainstream financial sector. Besides guaranteed halal food, its wellbeing is also guaranteed, and halal fashion is now on the rise as Muslim fashion is increasingly innovative and global. We believe the three of them to have experienced vigorous growth, and also to continue to draw customers. And also after the Covid-19 pandemic, these three sectors could survive. Thus the halal industry also contributes to Indonesian economy.

On the issue of the revitalization and modernization of the engineering in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
A. E. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Products

Currently, one of the important tasks of the economic policy of Russia is the formation of a hightech image of the national economy, capable of effective functioning in the changing global geopolitical and geoeconomic conditions. In this context, the issue of revitalization of mechanical engineering, which plays a key role in the development of the country’s economy, is of particular relevance. This sector is a link between scientific and technological progress and the level of provision of domestic producers with domestic machines and equipment, allowing them to produce competitive products and to a lesser extent depend on the state of the external environment. The example of the developed countries of the world shows that the development of advanced engineering technology significantly increases the efficiency of the national economy, helps to accelerate its growth. At the same time, in Russia, in order to unleash the scientific and technical potential and activate engineering, it is necessary to initiate modernization processes in it. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of the study is to analyze the state of Russian engineering from the position of its role in the country’s economy. It is shown that at present a significant barrier to the development of this sector is the predominance of imported equipment, due to technical and operational characteristics, often superior to domestic counterparts.

The Influence of Growth, Asset Tangibility, Cost of Debt, Profitability and Business Risk On Debt Capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Erika Jimena Arilyn ◽  
Beny Beny
Keyword(s):  
Firm Growth ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Market Condition ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
Debt Capital

Objective –The aims to identify the significant factors that influence a company’s decision to use debt capital. Methodology/Technique – This study uses 5 independent variables namely; firm growth (growth rate in total gross assets), asset tangibility (ratio of net fixed assets to total assets), cost of debt (interest before tax / long term debt), profitability (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) / Total Asset), and business risk (standard deviation of EBIT to total assets). The dependent variable in this study, debt capital, is measured by the ratio of long-term debt to total assets. A purposive sampling method is used to select 11 out of 18 textile and garment companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2014 and 2018 that report their annual financial positions. A quantitative method, panel data analysis technique and SPSS tools were also used in this study. Findings – The results show that debt capital is influenced by profitability, while the remaining factors do not influence debt capital. Novelty – This study adds to the existing literature on internal factors, market condition as an external factors, and debt capital in developed countries. The benefit of this study is to explore the potential capabilities of the industry in using its profit to minimize the use of debt as a source of capital to decrease business risk. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Profitability; Growth; Cost of Debt; Business Risk; Tangibility; Capital Structure. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Ariyln, E., J; Beny; 2019. The Influence of Growth, Asset Tangibility, Cost Of Debt, Profitability and Business Risk On Debt Capital, Acc. Fin. Review 4 (4): 120 – 127 https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2019.4.4(4) JEL Classification: G23, G32.

Features of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The World

The level of economic development of entrepreneurship in any country in the world is crucial in increasing the competitiveness of the national economy in the world market of goods and services. The activities of economic entities are the driving force for the sustainable development of regions and their suburban areas, and they also impact the welfare of population. The article dwells on the analysis of scientific approaches to the regulation of economic development of enterprises in suburban areas of the region. The article analyzes the scientific approaches to the regulation of economic development of enterprises in suburban areas of the region. According to the well-known classics of the fundamental economic theory of entrepreneurship development (A. Smith, D. Ricardo, V. Laungard, A. Loria) the peculiarities of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban territories of the region are determined by the possibility of distribution of surplus production, minimum production costs per unit of production, availability of labor resources. In modern economic theory (M. Weber, A. Pre, S.M. Kimelberg, E. Williams, C. Vlachou, O. Iakovidou, J. van Dijk, P. Pellenbarg) the development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region can be determined by institutional, innovation, technological, social, ecological and other features of the economy at the regional, state or world levels. The complex and comprehensive generalization of the features of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas is proposed. There are (1) the type of decision taken by an enterprise to carry out business activities in the relevant suburban area of the region, and (2) the influence of internal and external factors on economic activity. The article argues that large enterprises are guided by more objective decision-making reasons, attaching the most importance to the physical and innovative environment. Medium and small enterprises are mainly focused on getting benefits for the entrepreneur in the short-term time period and location in the nearest geographic area. The attention was paid to the tools of ensuring economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region, taking into account institutional changes in the national economy and the experience of developed countries of the world.

THEORIES OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AS A METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF RUSSIA'S REGIONAL POLICY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Наталия Александровна Иванова
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

Актуальность исследования для экономики усиливается такими явлениями, как влияние мирового финансового кризиса, усложнение отраслевой и территориальной структуры производства, усиление интеграции всех сфер общественной жизни, возрастание значения экологических, социальных и политических факторов развития общества, повышение трансакционных издержек принятия решений в сфере управления. Изучение литературы о территориях дает основание определить понятие региональной системы России как элемент, подсистему некоторой иерархической системы, в роли которой выступает национальная экономика. Процессы глобализации коренным образом изменяют роль регионов в национальной экономике. Регион постепенно становится не только отдельным экономическим агентом, но также вступает в мировые конкурентные процессы. Положение территориально-организованных систем оказывается зависимым не только от макроэкономических условий или возможностей самих регионов, но также от расстановки конкурентных сил, механизмов взаимодействия регионов с другими субъектами. В этой связи возникает необходимость системных исследований с целью выработки комплекса мер, которые будут способствовать повышению конкурентоспособности экономики в целом, ее регионов в частности. Существующий инструментарий региональной экономики является уже недостаточным для анализа такого рода проблем, а традиционный конкурентный анализ не рассматривает регионы в качестве субъектов конкуренции. Требуется расширение и применение новых теоретических подходов к анализу региональных экономических систем и эффективности их развития, формированию целостной концепции развития территориальной организации хозяйства, что обусловило актуальность данного исследования. The relevance of the study for the economy is enhanced by such phenomena as the impact of the global financial crisis, the complication of the sectoral and territorial structure of production, the strengthening of integration of all spheres of public life, the increasing importance of environmental, social and political factors in the development of society, the increase in transaction costs of decision-making in the field of management. The study of the literature on territories gives grounds to define the concept of the regional system of Russia as an element, a subsystem of some hierarchical system, in the role of which the national economy acts. The processes of globalization are fundamentally changing the role of regions in the national economy. The region is gradually becoming not only a separate economic agent, but also enters into global competitive processes. The position of geographically organized systems turns out to depend not only on the macroeconomic conditions or the capabilities of the regions themselves, but also on the alignment of competitive forces, the mechanisms of interaction of regions with other entities. In this regard, there is a need for systematic research in order to develop a set of measures that will contribute to improving the competitiveness of the economy as a whole, its regions in particular. The existing tools of the regional economy are no longer sufficient to analyze such problems, and traditional competitive analysis does not consider regions as subjects of competition. It requires the expansion and application of new theoretical approaches to the analysis of regional economic systems and the effectiveness of their development, the formation of an integral concept of the development of the territorial organization of the economy, which determined the relevance of this study.

Management of logistics and marketing behavior of innovation clusters in territorial communities in the context of digitalization of society and the online market

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3A) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Olena Lozhachevska ◽  
Tamara Navrotska ◽  
Olga Melnyk ◽  
Larysa Kapinus ◽  
Mykola Zos-Kior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Innovation Clusters ◽  
Post Industrial

The article considers the process of improving the management of logistics and marketing behavior of innovation clusters in territorial communities in the context of digitalization of society and the online market. Attention is focused on the need for territorial communities to form an institutional environment favorable for the development of innovation clusters. It is noted that the best synergetic effect from the functioning of innovation clusters is achieved mainly in a post-industrial economy with a supercompetitive environment.

scholarly journals Two theoretical approaches to human behavior and social institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-50
Author(s):  
Javier Aranzadi del Cerro
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Market Process ◽  
Ludwig Von Mises ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Von Mises

This paper deals with theoretical approaches to the real economic crisis we are suffering. I set out the poverty of the theoretical solutions offered by mainstream neoclassical economics and the necessity of a new theoretical approach, which is not obsessed by the positivist method. My argument is based on the work of Ludwig von Mises who was considered to give the best theoretical arguments in the debate on the impossibility of efficient economic calculation under centrally planned socialism. Although nowadays the Austrian School is considered old-fashion and lacking in scientific rigour, I agree with the late Professor Sumantra Ghoshal that it is necessary to escape from strait-jacketed methods and try to understand real economics problems. Our market economy is suffering from what he described as the consequences of bad theories destroying good entrepreneurial practices. For I do think that the triumph over communism is in danger of becoming a Pyrrhic victory if we lose our understanding of the market economy and its dynamic structure based on entrepreneurs and firms. Key words: Human action, Ludwig von Mises, Chicago School, entrepre - neurship, market process, social institutions. JEL Classification: A10; B41; B53; D00. Resumen: Este artículo compara los modelos teóricos con los que se analiza la crisis económica que estamos sufriendo. Planteo la pobreza teórica ofrecida por el paradigma neoclásico dominante y defiendo la necesidad de nuevas aproximaciones teóricas que no estén obsesionadas por el método positivista. Mi argumento se basa en la obra de Ludwig von Mises quien fue considerado el economista que esgrimió los mejores argumentos tóricos en el debate sobre la imposibilidad de una cálculo económico eficiente en una económica de planificación central. Aunque hoy en día se considera que la Escuela Austriaca está pasada de moda y falta de rigor científico, estoy de acuerdo con el difunto profesor Sumantra Ghoshal sobre la necesidad de abandonar los métodos encorsetados e intentar comprender los problemas económicos reales. Nuestra economía de mercado está sufriendo las consecuencias de lo que él describe como malas teorías que destruyen buenas prácticas empresariales. Son estas las razones por las que pienso que el triunfo sobre el comunismo está en riego de convertirse en una victoria pírrica si perdemos nuestra comprensión de la economía de mercado y su estructura dinámica basadas en la empresarialidad y la empresa privada. Palabras clave: Acción humana, Ludwig von Mises, Escuela de Chicago, empresarialidad, proceso de mercado, instituciones sociales. Clasificación JEL: A10; B41; B53; D00.

scholarly journals Methods of the Fiscal Mechanism for Regulating the Investment Development of the Ukrainian Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Rudenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Financial Mechanism

In market conditions, one of the main regulators of economic development is the financial mechanism, a key element of which is the fiscal mechanism for regulating the national economy investment development. Currently, the methods of the fiscal mechanism are not used effectively enough in Ukrainian practice, as evidenced by the low investment attractiveness of the economy and weak investment activity of economic entities. Therefore, the definition of the essence and components of methods of the fiscal mechanism is currently among the important financial and economic issues, the scientific substantiation of which largely depends on the economy investment development. The article is devoted to the study of theoretical approaches to the functioning of the methods of the financial mechanism and on this basis to determine the content and composition of the methods of the fiscal mechanism. It was determined that there are various approaches to understanding the essence of financial methods (as means, forms, methods, rules) and three conceptual approaches to the interpretation of the methods of financial mechanism: management (considers the methods of financial mechanism as processes in which implementation of financial policy); organizational (treats the methods of the financial mechanism as a means of organizing financial relations, which are formed in the process of implementing financial policy); complex (characterizes the methods of the financial mechanism as a process of organizing financial relations to achieve the objectives of financial policy). As a result of research of theoretical bases of functioning of financial methods the essence of methods of the fiscal mechanism of regulation of national economy investment development was substantiated. The main methods of the fiscal mechanism were identified, including planning, organization and control. The basic requirements to functioning of methods of the fiscal mechanism of regulation of the national economy investment development were considered.

scholarly journals SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CAPITAL AS THE BASIS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY: A REVIEW OF THE SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF THE Doctor of Philosophy, prof. Konstantin Viktorovich Vodenko

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Елена Геннадьевна Попкова
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Doctor Of Philosophy

Цель статьи - провести обзор научных трудов доктора философских наук, профессора Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation) Konstantin Viktorovich Vodenko - К.В. Воденко, отразить его научную школу и отметить вклад международных публикаций ученого в развитие теории национальной экономики через философское обоснование и научную проработку социально-культурного капитала. Большинство своих работ ученый посвятил философскому объяснению основ функционирования и развития современной экономики. Уникальность работ профессора К.В. Воденко состоит в том, что в них он с научно-философской точки зрения обосновывает ключевую роль социального капитала в развитии национальной экономики в современных условиях глобализации. Ученый доказал, что, независимо от того, в какой степени хозяйственная система вовлечена в процессы глобализации, ее стратегическая устойчивость и перспективы развития определяются социально-культурным капиталом - человеческими ресурсами и национальной культурой (культурной идентичностью народа). Ценность научной школы проф. К.В. Воденко состоит в ее мультидисциплинарности - труды ученого соответствуют области знания философии, социологии и экономики. В статье показано, что под влиянием тенденции глобализации усиливается неравенство стран и закрепляется (институционализируется) лидирующее положение развитых стран и отстающее положение развивающихся стран, которые унифицируются. Для успешной адаптации к современному всемирному ландшафту развивающимся странам необходимо сменить модель глобализации. Новая модель глобализации развивающихся стран должна предполагать сохранение их национальной культуры, которая должна поддерживаться на уровне страны и развиваться в ногу со временем наряду с глобальной культурой. Это позволит сохранить и нарастить социально-культурный капитал, в долгосрочной перспективе поддерживать национальную идентичность, то есть развивать таланты и удерживать их в стране. The purpose of this article is to review the scientific works of Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation) Konstantin Viktorovich Vodenko K.V. Vodenko, reflect The scientist devoted most of his works to a philosophical explanation of the fundamentals of the functioning and development of modern economics. Uniqueness of professor's works K.V. Vodenko is that in them, from a scientific and philosophical point of view, he justifies the key role of social capital in the development of the national economy in the modern conditions of globalization. The scientist proved that, regardless of the extent to which the economic system is involved in the processes of globalization, its strategic sustainability and development prospects are determined by socio-cultural capital - human resources and national culture (cultural identity of the people). The value of the scientific school prof. K.V. Vodenko consists in her multidisciplinary - the works of the scientist correspond to the field of knowledge of philosophy, sociology and economics. The article shows that the trend of globalization increases the inequality of countries and perpetuates (institutionalizes) the leading position of developed countries and the lagging position of developing countries, which are unifying. In order to adapt successfully to the modern global landscape, developing countries needed to change the model of globalization. The new model of globalization of developing countries should preserve their national culture, which should be maintained at the country level and developed in accordance with time, along with global culture. This will save and increase socio-cultural capital, in the long term maintain national identity, that is, develop talents and keep them in the country.

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