Physico-Chemical Properties of Antiseptics in Surgery: What is not Taken into Account in Treating Long-Term Non-Healing Wounds

The treatment of long-term non-healing wounds in the conditions of purulent surgery departments, widely uses solutions of chemotherapeutic and antiseptic agents. The most common are the solutions of 3–6 % hydrogen peroxide and solutions of 2–10 % sodium chloride. As a rule, solutions of these drugs are used to treat non-healing, particularly, purulent wounds, bedsores and trophic ulcers. Therefore, solutions are injected into the wound area repeatedly in the form of course therapy. The findings show that the mechanism of action of these drugs and the effect of treating long-term non-healing wounds is largely determined by such physical and chemical factors of their local interaction as concentration of the main ingredients, osmotic, alkaline activity and local temperature. The findings point out the leading role of the local temperature and the dependence of the local effect on the concentration. They describe the essence of the innovative method of treatment.

The enzyme activity dynamic relationship with the content of structural polypeptides of enterocyte membranes in cattle fetal

The article performs new data on the relationship between the hydrolytic and transport enzyme activity at different poles of the enterocytes plasmolemma of cow's fetal large intestine with the content of individual fractions of polypeptides. An expressive direct dependence of enzyme activity dynamics on the apical and basolateral membranes of enterocytes containing low molecular weight proteins and an inverse relationship with the concentration of proteins with medium and large molecular weights has been proved. It was found that the alkaline activity of the phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase on the apical domain of enterocyte plasmolemma is directly related to the proteins content with molecular masses of 9.6–14.2 kD, 21 kD, 22.5 kD, 26 kD, 33 kD, 35 kD, 170–185 kD, and 205 kD (P ≤ 0.05–0.001). Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity is straightly related to protein quantity with molecular weights of 15.5 kDa and 39 kD (P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, alkaline phosphatase and GGT activity have inverse correlations with the content of polypeptides with molecular masses of 46 kD, 63 kD, and 250 kD in the apical membrane of enterocytes (P ≤ 0.01–0.001). The lactase activity in the cattle enterocytes apical membrane during the test period has significant direct correlations only with the amount of the polypeptide of polypeptides with molecular weights of 31 kD, 39 kD, and 100 kD (P ≤ 0.05–0.01) and inverse relationships containing proteins with molecular masses of 46 kD and 120 kD (P ≤ 0.05). A linear dependence of the different ATPase activity of the apical membrane of red blood cells containing proteins with molecular weights of 9.6–14.2 kD, 15.5 kD, 21 kD, 22.5 kD, 33 kD, 35 kD, 39 kD, and 205 kD (P ≤ 0.05–0.001) was observed. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the apical membrane of enterocytes is only directly related to the number of proteins with molecular weights of 17 kD and 24 kD (P ≤ 0.001) in this domain. It inversely depends on the content of proteins with molecular masses of 9.6–14.2 kD and 52 kD (P ≤ 0.001). G-glutamyltransferase activity is inversely related to protein content with molecular weights of 43 kD, 52 kD, 66 kD, 87 kD, and 100 kD and 155 kD (P ≤ 0.001). The Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase of the basolateral membrane activity of enterocytes is directly related to the protein amount with molecular weights of 26 kD (P ≤ 0.01), Mg2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase with protein content with the molecular value of 100 kD (P ≤ 0.05).

Alkaline Activity of Portland Cement with Additives of Waste Glass

The concept of the alkaline activity of powdered materials introduced into cement compositions has been proposed, along with methods for its determination. The possibility of using waste glass as an active additive to Portland cement was evaluated from the standpoint of alkaline activity. Replacing the Portland cement component with glass waste in the form of glass powder at amounts from 1 to 35% made it possible to maintain the cement composition’s alkaline activity at a level that met the standard requirements. The previously unknown effects of mixed alkali in Portland cement in the presence of glass waste are described. Portland cement has a high potassium alkaline activity; however, container glass has a high sodium alkaline activity and a fairly low potassium alkaline activity. When glass waste is introduced into the structure of cement compositions, potassium alkaline activity is reduced.

Unbaked materials from mixtures of waste sludge of a water purification plant, fly ash, and water glass

In water purification plants, a large area of urban land is using to store waste sludge (WS). The waste sludge from water filtration plants is aluminosilicate, which can be form a geopolymer. However, the waste sludge has low alkaline activity, so it must be used in combination with fly ash (FA) to create geopolymer products. Fly ash is a solid waste containing amorphous silica so that has high alkaline activity, suitable for treatment by geopolymer method. The geopolymerization of waste sludge from water purification plants is a relatively new method. The geopolymer is a binder formed by the chemical reaction between aluminosilicate materials and alkaline activated solutions. The alkaline activated solution used in these experiments was water glass (WG). The water glass is solution of sodium silicate (Na2O.nSiO2) dissolved in water. The research results of geopolymer materials from the mixture of fly ash, the waste sludge of Thu Duc water purification plant, Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), and water glass (WG) were introduced in this study. The activated Al2O3 and SiO2 oxides in the fly ash and the waste sludge can be dissolved in the water glass and polymerized into a geopolymer material. The test samples had pressed at a high pressure of 225 MPa to form cylindrical ones weighing approximately 3 grams, height about 18 mm, and 10 mm in diameter. These samples were then cured at 110 ◦C for 24 hours and at room temperature (30 +/- 5 ◦C). The methods of Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) had used to detect the microscopic structure and geopolymer bond formation of the samples. The compressive strength of the tested samples at 28 days old was higher than 3.5 MPa, the pH was less than 12.5, meeting the Vietnamese National Standards for unbaked materials (TCVN 6477:2016) and National Technical Regulation on environmental impact (QCVN 50:2013 / BTNMT), respectively. The results show a new approach of solidifying the waste sludge for further applications such as the manufacture of geopolymer concretes or landfill materials.

Non-redox doping boosts oxygen evolution electrocatalysis on hematite

The distinct beneficial effect of Zn-doping on the OER alkaline activity of Fe-based catalysts points towards an alternative and faster two-site mechanism.