TURKISH TRANSLATIONS OF SHAKESPEARE’S WORKS: LITERARY INTEGRATION

The article is devoted to the analysis of the functioning of Turkish translations of Shakespeare's poetry and dramaturgy, the formation of a holistic picture of the stages of discovery of Shakespeare by the Turks. The aim of the study is to identify and present the main points related to the transfer of Shakespeare's word into Turkish culture through translations from European languages. The proposed study is focused on translation aspects, as translation has become the first link in the dialogue between English and Turkish literature during the contact and interaction of Turkish literature with the Western, the processes of familiarization of the Shakespeare with the Turks, the perception and reproduction of Shakespeare's creativity on Turkish soil. In this study we used such methods as the cultural-historical method, which focuses on the translation of Shakespeare's works in relation to the cultural-historical development of Turkish society; a comparative method aimed at comparing the original sonnets and dramas of Shakespeare with translations into Turkish; receptive-aesthetic method, focused on focusing on how the pictorial and expressive artistic means of Shakespeare's works in Turkish translations are projected on the recipient (reader), convey to him the author's idea. Particular attention is focused on the translation analysis of some sonnets and dramas. Working with factual material revealed the basic prerequisites for entry into the Turkish literature of Shakespeare's works (Divan literature, the period of reforms), made it possible to characterize the first stage of translation studies – namely, the translation of Shakespeare through the prism of the French language, and accordingly the translation from the French language. As a result, we conclude that no artistic translation, especially poetic one, can be definitive, since there are always unrealized reserves of the original hidden in the multifacetedness of its associative relations. And each translation is only a certain link, the voicing of voices in the process of functioning of the artistic image. This can be explained by the considerable number of translations in Turkish of both the poetic and dramatic works of Shakespeare from the second half of the 19th century to the present. Also the great potential of the Turkish youth in the translation field has been revealed, which is certainly facilitated by the popularity of English and literature in higher education. institutions.

University Students’ Preferences about Savings and Investments at Individual and National level in the 21st Century: The Case of Turkey

This paper aims to capture the favored both national and individual saving and investment perceptions of the Turkish youth. Also, the research contributes to the understanding of the common preferences of the youth and focuses on perceptions over their home country’s saving-investment decisions. We reason, it is important to evaluate views of the youth on national savings and investments as they will be both the decision-makers determining the economic and social policies of the near future and the ones that are directly impacted by these policies implemented today. For this purpose, a questionnaire is applied to randomly selected 550 university students in Turkey and the results are analyzed by the chi-square test. Accordingly, students have mostly preferred that investments should be primarily made to the education sector at national level while investment made for the social security system is placed on the last rank. In addition, education is the most important individual investment choice of participants. On the other hand, information technologies, energy, and agriculture are identified as the most significant investment areas, which could be potentially increased the global competitiveness of their home country. Another important outcome of this research is that students prefer to invest their individual savings in gold and real estate investments, respectively.

Youth and Politics in Turkey in the Context of Education and Cultural Policies

The educational and cultural policies in Turkey are among the important issues impacting Turkish society and inherited from the Ottoman period. These issues show themselves in Turkey’s conception of civilization and perception of the world in particular. Therefore, Turkey’s educational and cultural policies are the main factor in detecting and specifying this conception and perception. On the point where even the conceptual definition of education and culture is exceedingly difficult, these concepts turn into a policy at the practical level, which is a problem in itself. The Republic of Turkey has deeply experienced this problem, and the steps taken on this topic have brought together many new and different problems. This article will primarily address the relationship of education and culture with youth as well as examine the process of how they transform into a policy. Later the practical developments of these phenomena will be examined with a certain historical process. At that point, the educational and cultural policies dating from the foundation of the Republic to the present will be discussed both through the breaking points as well as through the governmental and political-party programs. Last but not least, the article will briefly examine the objectives of these policies and what effect it has had on the 21st century Turkish youth.

Juvenile Sex Offenders in Turkey: A Study on Offense Characteristics, Risk Factors, and the Differences between Juvenile Sex Offenders and Other Juvenile Offenders

Based on a data set ( n = 920) derived from court files of adjudicated youth in one of the largest court districts in Turkey, this study represents the first systematic attempt to understand juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) and their offenses in this contemporary urban context. The study results show, first off, that sexual offending among Turkish youth has been increasing at a rate comparable to that of other Western societies. Secondly, the victims of the sex offenses examined in the study were mostly of the opposite sex (female), were typically younger than the offenders, and commonly were acquaintances (friends, family, partners). Thirdly, the results indicated that the JSOs were significantly different from other juvenile offenders, and in terms of most of the risk factors used in juvenile justice assessments they had an advantage over the other juvenile offenders. These results are discussed in light of findings reported in previous studies, along with considerations relating to the public policy implications and the research recommendations arising from the outcomes of this foundational research.