CADASTRAL REGISTRATION OF REAL PROPERTY WITH DATA DIGITALIZATION

Problem statement. The transition in Ukraine from registration and accounting of land in the State Land Cadastre to registration and accounting of real estate in the multi-purpose cadastre requires research aimed at optimizing the information of the multi-purpose cadastre and the form of data representation based on their digitalization to limit the size of the database by technological support. The composition and scope of real estate accounting information data determine the purpose and functions of the multi-purpose cadastre. The problem is the huge amount of information about real estate and the great variety of objects. The difficulty of formalizing too much data for a multi-purpose cadastre information system makes it necessary to explore ways to reduce the amount of software memory involved by digitizing the data. Purpose of the article. Solving the problem of reducing the amount of memory for the database of registration and accounting of real estate through digitalization requires research on the composition of the necessary information about real estate in the multi-purpose cadastre to ensure the functions of the cadastre based on analysis of users' needs. In order to move from the information on real estate determined by the results of analysis to the basic and thematic geospatial data of the cadastre, it is necessary to perform multilevel structuring of cadastral objects at the level of real estate classification, including land plots, construction objects by characteristic legal, technical and value features. A significant reduction in the amount of memory used in the database of information technology support of the multi-purpose cadastre was achieved by coding the characteristics of real estate, including land, construction objects and other land improvements that are part of real estate. Conclusion. Digitization of real estate data in the multi-purpose cadastre allows you to: significantly reduce the amount of database memory used on the server; provide easy access to data on real estate properties; significantly increase the protection of identification of cadastral objects and their properties; opens new opportunities for real estate management, control over compliance with the law, the application of targeted measures to stimulate the desired development of real estate and prevent adverse use of territories.

Praktik Gadai Pohulo’o di Gorontalo dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam

Muslim communities believe that compliance with the law is not only in the field of worship but also in the field of muamalah. Therefore, people want what they practice to be legal and in accordance with Islamic teachings. One of the problems whose legal status continues to be questioned is the issue of pawning which is carried out under customary law. There have been many explanations regarding this problem by religious leaders, but their answers have not been able to satisfy the community. The answers available so far tend to conclude that the practice is not allowed, the law is haram. It is undeniable that the explanation of this in fiqh books is indeed the case because the collateral in the pawn cannot be used by the pawnee, who in this case is a creditor. A creditor may not take advantage of the pledged goods for reasons of riba (usury). However, the practice of pawning, which is carried out according to custom, has become a tradition in the community and is carried out with the pleasure of the pawnbroker and pawnee, and this tradition has become a means to get out of trouble to cover one's life. This article explains the problem of the pawn tradition in Muslim society through a sociological approach in addition to the usuliyah syar'iyah approach

Setting the Bar Low: Are Websites Complying With the Minimum Requirements of the CCPA?

On June 28, 2018, the California State Legislature passed the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), arguably the most comprehensive piece of online privacy legislation in the United States. Online services covered by the CCPA are required to provide a hyperlink on their homepage with the text “Do Not Sell My Personal Information” (DNSMPI). The CCPA went into effect on January 1, 2020, a date that was chosen to give data collectors time to study the new law and bring themselves into compliance. In this study, we begin the process of investigating whether websites are complying with the CCPA by focusing on DNSMPI links. Using longitudinal data crawled from the top 1M websites in the Tranco ranking, we examine which websites are including DNSMPI links, whether the websites without DNSMPI links are out of compliance with the law, whether websites are using geofences to dynamically hide DNSMPI links from non-Californians, how DNSMPI adoption has changed over time, and how websites are choosing to present DNSMPI links (e.g., in terms of font size, color, and placement). We argue that the answers to these questions are critical for spurring enforcement actions under the law, and helping to shape future privacy laws and regulations, e.g., rule making that will soon commence around the successor to the CCPA, known as the CPRA.

Implementation of mandatory opioid prescribing limits in North Carolina: healthcare administrator and prescriber perspectives

Background Recent increases in state laws to reduce opioid prescribing have demonstrated a need to understand how they are interpreted and implemented in healthcare systems. The purpose of this study was to explore the systems, strategies, and resources that hospital administrators and prescribers used to implement the 2017 North Carolina Strengthen Opioid Prevention (STOP) Act opioid prescribing limits, which limited initial prescriptions to a five (for acute) or seven (for post-surgical) days’ supply. Methods We interviewed 14 hospital administrators and 38 prescribers with degrees in medicine, nursing, pharmacy, business administration and public health working across North Carolina. Interview guides, informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, explored barriers and facilitators to implementation. Interview topics included communication, resources, and hospital system support. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, then analyzed using flexible coding, integrating inductive and deductive coding, to inform analytic code development and identify themes. Results We identified three main themes around implementation of STOP act mandated prescribing limits: organizational communication, prescriber education, and changes in the electronic medical record (EMR) systems. Administrators reflected on implementation in the context of raising awareness and providing reminders to facilitate changes in prescriber behavior, operationalized through email and in-person communications as well as dedicated resources to EMR changes. Prescribers noted administrative communications about prescribing limits often focused on legality, suggesting a directive of the organization’s policy rather than a passive reminder. Prescribers expressed a desire for more spaces to have their questions answered and resources for patient communications. While hospital administrators viewed compliance with the law as a priority, prescribers reflected on concerns for adequately managing their patients’ pain and limited time for clinical care. Conclusions Hospital administrators and prescribers approached implementation of the STOP act prescribing limits with different mindsets. While administrators were focused on policy compliance, prescribers were focused on their patients’ needs. Strategies to implement the mandate then had to balance patient needs with policy compliance. As states continue to legislate to prevent opioid overdose deaths, understanding how laws are implemented by healthcare systems and prescribers will improve their effectiveness through tailoring and maximizing available resources.

Some Means of Processing Electronic Text Documents

Introduction. Digitization of legislation is an important area today, which is identified by the government as a priority. Creating digital legal documents and verifying them for compliance with the law is a necessary task in all areas of jurisprudence. This sets the task of automatic formalizing a legal document created as an arbitrary text in natural language. Purpose. Preparing a document for storage in digital format for further processing may require prior work with an original text. When using automatic means of linguistic analysis of the texts submitted in natural language, in particular, legal, which processes the text in sentences (working up the text sequentially sentence by sentence), problems of local and global nature arise. The problem of local nature is created, in particular, by the presence in the text of the sentences, which due to their considerable length are difficult to process (with the help of one or another tool of text analysis). The problem of a global nature arises when the semantic connection between the components of different sentences should be taken into account during the automatic processing of the text. The purpose of this work is to develop means for overcoming these problems. Results. A model for structuring long sentences containing enumerations as well as a method for eliminating the synonymy of object names referred to in the text, which is intended for automatic analysis, has been developed. Conclusion. Marking up sentences containing enumerations is useful, especially when the text is intended for analysis using a procedure that processes the text sentence by sentence. Structuring a sentence with an enumeration enables, on the one hand, to prepare the sentence for processing in parts, and on the other hand, not to lose the integrity of the sentence when processing in parts. In the method of eliminating the synonymy of names proposed in this paper, both the step of identifying the names of objects and the step of revealing the identity of names requires semantic analysis. To control the correctness of these steps, Oracle was introduced to improve the reliability of the result.

Legal Compliance: Founding Elements of a Conception Based on Cultural Theory

The state of research on legal compliance in socio-legal studies is limited and partially outdated. Like theories on coercion, recognition, or legitimacy, notions around compliance with the law appear plausible in themselves. However, each of them hold only part of the explanation and yet they cannot be reconciled due to theoretical incompatibilities. Legal sociologists therefore speak of a theory gap regarding legal compliance. The following article takes on this research desideratum and attempts to formulate an alternative concept of legal compliance based on an entirely new terminology without, however, completely renouncing the previous findings of legal sociology. Relying on the above-mentioned theory gap alongside the introduction of this new terminology, I argue that it is possible to analyze legal compliance while heuristically integrating all previous theoretical concepts of its. As a starting point, the article draws on Bourdieu’s fragmentary sociology of law and, by extending it, proposes a larger practice and field-theory-based interpretation of compliance.

Inadmissibility of imitation of compliance with the law when concluding a state contract with a sole supplier (on the example of the penal system)

The legislation on the contract system allows in certain cases to make purchases from a sole supplier without using competitive procedures. One of the cases is the production of goods, performance of works, rendering of services performed by an institution or enterprise of the penal enforcement system in accordance with the list of goods, works, and services approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. The practice shows that in some cases, customers and (or) suppliers may unreasonably use the opportunity provided by the legislation, formally concluding a state (municipal) contract with an institution or enterprise of the penal system, bypassing competitive procedures, when actually a third-party business entity is engaged in the execution of the contract. The authors note that such situations actually constitute a circumvention of the competitive procedures for selecting a supplier provided for by law, and contradicts the principles and ideas of regulation laid down in the Law “On the contract system”.

Addressing Moral Confusion: Ethics Isn’t Law

Moral confusion in business ethics and corporate social responsibility often stems from treating ethics and law as if they were the same. Ethics and the law often overlap and sometimes conflict. They are distinct categories. Laws may enforce people’s ethical obligations. But they may also contravene them and require unethical action. Because the law has no independent moral authority, business people are always required to ask themselves whether compliance with the law is the right course of action. When the law prescribes oppressive or unjust conduct, they may have an ethical duty not to obey the law.