Selecting optimal parameters for obtaining the extract of red grape pomace

Due to the industrial processing of grapes, large amounts of by-products are produced. The main varieties of by-products are pomace, which is comprised of skins, seeds and any other solid remaining after pressing process and sediments. It is necessary to implement new effective ways of processing to minimize these residues. This problem is relevant for all the wine-producing countries, including Georgia. It is well-known fact that pomace is an important source of phenolic compounds, which are characterized by high antioxidant activity and possess healing-prophylactic properties. It is also worth mentioning that pomace is an easily spoiled product, and without the proper processing, it cannot be stored for a long time. Thus, this research aimed to obtain optimal parameters for extraction, preserving the antioxidant characteristics. The optimal range of the following parameters for extraction was determined: the temperature for drying 45-50 °C, grinding level 1.5 mm, diluent concentration 70% ethanol/water solvent, extraction module 1:20, extraction temperature 50-55 °C, and duration 2 h. This determination of technological parameters of extraction was done according to the best physical-chemical measures and antioxidant activity level. The physical-chemical tests were performed according to the European Union standards. These parameters can produce an extract with distinct antioxidant characteristics that can be used in the food industry as a natural antioxidant. The extract with distinct antioxidant properties was obtained, which can be used in the food industry as a natural antioxidant.

FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND DETERMINATION OF THE DIFFUSION RATE STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT SERUM CONTAINING ASTAXANTHIN NANOEMULSION

Objective: Astaxanthin is one of the natural carotenoids with strong antioxidant characteristics which is widely used in skin care. The aim of this study was developed to formulate and characterize the antioxidant serum containing astaxanthin nanoemulsion and the diffusion rate studies using diffusion Franz method. Methods: Astaxanthin nanoemulsion (As-NE) was prepared by using the self-nanoemulsifying method, followed by incorporation into serum preparation with the using carbomer as a gelling agent. Evaluation of serum As-NE was performed by physical, chemical characterizations and diffusion assay. Stability study was carried out in both accelerated (temperature of 40±2 °C/75±5%RH) and non-accelerated (at ambient temperature) conditions. Results: These results suggest that antioxidant serum As-NE had good physical and chemical characteristics that are suitable for topical administration. Conclusion: For the study of diffusion and stability under different storage conditions, it was proven that antioxidant serum As-NE form was packed in a carbomer as a gelling agent that could enhance the stability and diffusion rate of the astaxanthin.

Anticancer Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract Fractions of Ipomoea horsfalliae Hook on DMBA- Induced Breast Cancer Model

The genus Ipomoea is distributed globally and honored as the largest genus of the family Convolvulaceae. Several varieties of this family have been shown to be effective in treating various diseases, including cancer. This research aimed to explore the anticancer activity of ethyl acetate fractions of Ipomoea horsfalliae Hook (EAIH) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) was used to produce breast cancer. The Fractions were selected based on the cytotoxicity analysis in vitro, which was reported in our earlier studies. The study employed two dosages of EAIH (25 and 50 mg/kg). Biochemical, hematological, and antioxidant characteristics were investigated. A decrease in mean tumor volume and tumor weight was detected in EAIH treated groups. The blood parameters were seen as normal. In both DMBA and doxorubicin groups, malondialdehyde was increased, and the level was significantly reduced in EAIH-treated groups. The effect of catalase was shown to be diminished in the groups given DMBA and doxorubicin but normal in the EAIH groups. Nitrate and nitrite levels increased in the DMBA control groups but were normal in the others. There was less necrosis and infiltration in breast tissues treated with doxorubicin as well as in EAIH. In animals treated with EAIH, the therapeutic effect was found to be dose-dependent. The therapies helped to repair some of the altered breast patterns. The study concludes that I. horsfolliae may be a potential anticancer candidate and need to explore further.

Comparative evaluation of antioxidant characteristics and selenium levels in seeds of Cichorium intybus L. and several representatives of Apiaceae plants

Relevance. Evaluation of nutritional value of seeds of agricultural crops is considered to be highly significant for revealing new sources of antioxidants for humans.Material. The aim of the present investigation was antioxidant status and selenium accumulation levels by chicory seeds (13 cultivars) and comparison of the results with antioxidants status of seeds of other root vegetables: celery (5 cultivars), parsley (2 cultivars), parsnip (3 cultivars) and carrot (7 cultivars).Results. Among agricultural crops studied chicory was characterized by 3-4 higher levels of selenium accumulation by seeds and relatively low total antioxidant activity and polyphenol content. Anomalously high protein content in chicory seeds may explain the efficiency of selenium accumulation while relatively low antioxidant activity may be connected with lower levels of essential oil. Direct correlations between polyphenol content and total antioxidant activity were demonstrated for carrot (r=+0.924; P<0.01) and chicory (r= 0.803; P<0.01) seeds.

Interaction between properties of commercial Australian honey and saliva: in vitro exploratory study of a potential mechanism in the treatment of oral mucositis

Objectives Oral mucositis is a debilitating oncology treatment side effect, with honey identified as a viable management option due to established wound-healing abilities. However, effects of saliva on properties attributed to honey’s wound-healing abilities is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify interactions between saliva, and antioxidant characteristics and pH of honey. Methods Saliva was collected from 15 healthy participants (Females n=9; mean age=34.1 ± 11.2 years). Centrifuged salivary supernatant, whole saliva, and water were independently used to dilute commercial Australian honeys (n=42). Antioxidant characteristics (DPPH and FRAP) and pH of diluted honeys were analysed, and differences between dilution conditions were determined. Results Honey and saliva dilutions increased antioxidant characteristics compared to water, and addition of honey to saliva reduced pH compared with saliva alone. There were significant differences between dilutions for FRAP and pH, and water and salivary conditions for DPPH (p<0.001). No difference was observed between salivary conditions for DPPH (p=0.931), suggesting smaller cells remaining in the supernatant possess antioxidant abilities. However, differences observed for FRAP suggest precipitable molecules, including epithelial and food debris, could provide additional antioxidant power. Conclusions The addition of saliva to honey may support properties attributed to honey’s wound-healing abilities and should be considered in the context of oral mucositis management.