SYNTHESIS OF ACTIVATED CARBON AND CMC BEADS FROM CORN HUSK FOR EFFLUENT TREATMENT

Adsorption of dyes from the effluent is a well-known and feasible method been used in the industry. In the present work we are using corn husk agricultural waste as a sustainable raw material for synthesizing activated carbon using biopolymer carboxyl methyl cellulose for formation of beads. The beads formed are been used for removal of reactive ultra-orange RGB , acid telon yellow FG 01, basic coracryl red C2B. The surface area of beads is 39.87m2 /g. The maximum adsorption of reactive orange RGB , acid telon yellow and basic coracryl red is 68.25mg/g, 72.54mg/g and 30.21mg/g for 50ml of dye solution. The stock solution 0.4g/l of dye solution was prepared for each dye respectively. The beads formed shows a variable pH from 2 to 12 which is favourable for textile effluent. This is a green approach to use the agricultural waste for waste water treatment.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MAINSTREAMING: NEXUS BETWEEN POLICY PROCLAMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

Land-use planning, disasters and development are clearly related. Risk-sensitive development practices and responsible land use planning can contribute to resilience building. At the same time, poorly planned development can intensify social, economic, physical and environmental vulnerabilities of the population and can trigger devastating extreme events. Therefore, the process of disaster risk reduction has to be weaved into the developmental framework and India has given its commitment at national and international forums to ensure the same. However, since there is no specific policy on integrating DRR into development planning in India, this paper discusses the extent to which such integration is seen through one of the major projects- the Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA) in the planning and approval process, especially in the contexts of environmental vulnerabilities. The study suggests that there are serious gaps between the policy proclamations that seek to ensure sustainable development through DRR integration into development projects and its implementation. Thus, much more work is needed to enforce the idea of mainstreaming DRR in to foster risk aware or risk sensitive development. Data for this qualitative study was obtained from both primary as well as secondary sources.

SERVICE CENTRES IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT : A CASE STUDY OF JAUNPUR DISTRICT, UTTAR PRADESH

This paper attempts to deal with the identifying the service centers and calculation of the spatial arrangement with complementary area of service centres in Jaunpur district Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The study area is situated in Eastern Uttar Pradesh of the Middle Ganga Plain. The study is exclusively based on secondary data collected at block level from different offices. The centrality score has been calculated on the basis of three type of indices like functional centrality index, working population index and tertiary population index. There are 31 function or services selected judicially from five sectors (administrative, agricultural and financial, educational, health and transport and communication) to measure the centrality of service centre. The thissen polygon and berry breaking point method has been used for measure the complementary area. Total 88 service centres have been identified as first, second, third, fourth and fifth order service centre. The number of I, II, III, IV, and V order centres accounts for 43, 24, 16, 4, and 1 respectively.

21ST CENTURY LEARNERS OF HIGHER EDUCATION (ODL & CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM) IN RELATION TO THEIR LEVEL OF ASPIRATIONS: A CRITICAL STUDY

In the field of education motivation to learn is important for learners in all types of system in general and ODL (Open and Distance Learning) system is particular. In ODL system learners should take ownership of the learning process, should link what they are being taught and toward which they are directing their efforts. These can be characterized as their aspirations of learners. ODL institutions should know the aspirations of learners and have a mechanism to assess the level of aspiration of learners. It’s important to match between learner’s aspirations and behaviors. It is important for learners aspiring to careers, choice of courses, and enthusiasm for doing the kinds of things necessary to achieve their aspirations. Understanding learners’ aspirations is important to develop a learning culture of learners in any system of education. This type of a culture helps the learners to be a self learner, they need to consider their aspirations and make clearer and connect their plan of action with their goals. The ultimate aim is to improve the overall learning environment and supports to the success of learners. Knowing and understanding more about learner’s aspirations; valuing and implementing on such important information is crucial for any educational institution to improve learner’s outcomes and the quality of the educational process

WHISTLER-TRIGGERED VLF EMISSIONS RECORDED AT JAMMU DURING DAY TIME

Whistler-triggered VLF emissions recorded at low latitude station Jammu (Geomagnetic latitude = 220 26/ N; L = 1.17) during day time period on 19th February 1999 at 14:35 hrs. IST. The recorded data have been analyzed. Based on whistler-triggered VLF emissions spectrum, the VLF waves propagate along the path with L – values lying between L = 4.4 and 4.38. During the observation period, magnetic activity was very high. Mostly these types of emissions recorded at mid latitudes. These whistler-triggered emission waves propagate along the geomagnetic field lines either in a ducted mode or in a pro-longitudinal mode. Relative amplitude of whistlers waves is almost equal to relative amplitude of triggered emissions. The proposed generation mechanism explains through the dynamic spectra of the whistler-triggered emissions.

CHALLENGES AND BENEFITS OF ONLINE TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION

The present study highlights the challenges and benefits influencing the acceptance, and use of e-learning as tool for teaching within higher education. It will help to develop a strategic plan for the successful implementation of e-learning and view technology as a positive step towards evolution and change. An attempt has been made to find the effectiveness of online teaching-learning methods in Higher Education. A questionnaire has been specially designed and deployed among college faculties and students. About 200 faculties from university and Education colleges in Ujjain have taken part in the online survey and submitted responses. It was found that multimedia, digital collaboration with peers, video lectures delivered by faculty handling the subject, online quiz having multiple choice questions, interaction by the faculties during lecture and online materials provided by the faculty promoted effective online learning. Virtual classroom unlike traditional classroom, give unlimited scope for introducing teaching innovation strategies. The use of ICT tools promotes technological innovations and advances in learning and knowledge management. This paper explores the online teaching - learning tools, methods, and a survey on the innovative practices in teaching and learning. Challenges and benefits of online teaching, various components on the effective use of online tools, team- based collaborative learning, simulation and animation - based learning are discussed and explained in detail.

STATUS OF SANITATION FACILITIES AND ITS IMPACTS ON HEALTH IN MAINPURI CITY OF UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

Nearly 60 million people in urban areas lack access to improved sanitation arrangements, and more than two-thirds of wastewater is let out untreated into the environment, polluting land and water bodies. Urban sanitation in India faces many challenges. To respond to these environmental and public health challenges, urban India will need to address the full cycle of sanitation, i.e., universal access to toilets, with safe collection, conveyance and treatment of human excreta. There has been a significant increase in waste generation because of rapid population growth and economic development. Thus, waste management and sanitation became major environmental and health problem. In rainy season condition gets worse. This paper outlines these concerns, and highlights the need for focusing on access to water and the full cycle of sanitation for the urban poor, as fundamental to addressing the sanitation challenge. In this paper an attempt has been made to identify the sanitation related risk factors and its relationship with associated diseases in Mainpuri city. The study is based on primary sources of data collected through household surveys in Mainpuri city. Households belong to different income groups. The total sample size consists of 1836 households. The result showed that the sanitation condition and associated diseases or living standards and health conditions are related to each other. In this paper typhoid fever, cholera, malaria, etc. diseases were observed. The lower income group households are most vulnerable. They suffer most because of their poor sanitation conditions.

EXPEDITIOUS RESPONSE TO EPIDEMICS: THE CHRONICLE OF NIPAH IN KERALA

Kerala witnessed a catastrophic outbreak of the Nipah virus (NiV) in May 2018, with a fatality rate of 40-75 per cent. The Nipah virus is recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a significant public health concern, and it's one among the priority diseases for accelerated R&D due to the severe lack of available countermeasures against it. There is no vaccine or cure for the infection. The state of Kerala showed an exemplary response to the outbreak. This involved rapid and effective dissemination of necessary precautions to the broader public. Internet social media played a crucial role in spreading these messages. Although the disease claimed 21 lives, it could have been a lot worse if the state had not taken the measures for proper mitigation. This work gives a brief overview of the Nipah virus, followed by a comprehensive outline of the Kerala outbreak. Community and individual responses to the Nipah outbreak have been analysed to illustrate how various groups and individuals, from health care and tourism departments to religious leaders, played a role in successfully eradicating the virus. Kerala's experience in containing epidemics is expected to become a reference point for other states and regions that may find similar situations.

FOOD ENVIRONMENT: CONCEPTUALIZATION AND IMPORTANCE IN PERSPECTIVE OF URBAN INDIA

Food environment of an individual is characterized by the ‘availability of food’ and ‘affordability of food’. The latter determines the type of food available that is nutritious or nonnutritious nature of food while former determines the access to food in terms of purchasing power of people. These two components of food environment collectively play a major role in determining the food and nutritional security of any region. Country like India is characterized by the disparity in incomelevels, demography and development. Likewise, India is characterized by regions with varying degree of ‘food security’ and ‘nutritional security’. The present research article discusses the concept of ‘food environment’ in perspective of urban India. Further, the present research study investigates that how the above-mentioned concepts helpful in identifying the regions with food security and nutritional security or both. The study is based on secondary data collected from various governmental and non-governmental agencies.

CHANGES IN LEVELS OF MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY IN HIMACHAL PRADESH: 1990-91 TO 2014-15

The chief objective of the present study is to reveal spatial patterns of maize productivity and Changes in Himachal Pradesh during 1990-91 to 2014-15. For achieving this purpose, the study is divided into three parts. First part deals with spatial patterns of maize productivity. It is found that the index value of maize productivity varied from minimum of 47.55 percent in Spiti tehsil to 155.90 percent in Churah tehsil in 1990-91. While in 2002-03, it varied from 47.45 percent in Lahaul tehsil to 143.14 percent in Churah tehsil. Whereas in 2014-15, it is lowest of 47.97 percent in Spiti tehsil and highest of 141.51 percent in Churah tehsil. It is also observed that in all time periods, magnitude of maize productivity starts declining from west to east. In second part, it is found that in Himachal Pradesh, the highest index value of maize productivity has declined from 150.90 percent to 141.15 percent during 1990-91 to 2014-15 and registered overall negative change of 8.39 percent index value. Whereas the lowest index value of maize productivity has increased from 47.55 percent in 1990-91 to 47.97 percent in 2014-15 and experience 0.42 percent increase in lowest index value of maize productivity during study period, thus the gap between high and low magnitude of maize productivity has minimized which shows that sign of healthy maize cultivation. In third part, major problems are identified and suggestions are made to solve these problems for increasing the maize productivity in the state. The present study is empirical in nature and based on secondary sources of data. Three time periods are taken and averages are derived for each time period, because 1990-91 is the year of liberalization era and 2002-03 and 2014-15 are post liberalization period. Singh (1976), technique is used for deriving the results and choropleth method is applied for mapping the results.