scholarly journals Responses of Garlic Quality and Yields to Various Types and Rates of Potassium Fertilizer Applications

HortScience ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Manman Wang ◽  
Youliang Ye ◽  
Xv Chu ◽  
Yanan Zhao ◽  
Shuhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Potassium (K) is a critical plant nutrient that determines quality in a myriad of crops and increases production yields. However, excessive application of various types of K fertilizers can decrease both the food quality and yields, which translates as economic losses and food safety issues. The objectives of this study were to 1) elucidate the impacts of different application rates of various K fertilizers on garlic, with the aim to identify the optimal and most economical K fertilizer dosage and 2) compare the effects of applying two common K fertilizers (KCl and K2SO4) on garlic, to determine the optimal combination. From 2018 to 2020, we utilized two distinct K-fertilized fields to conduct our experiments. The results revealed optimal KCl fertilization increased the biomass and vegetation index in garlic, and promoted the transfer of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients from the stem and leaf to bulb, thereby increasing bulb production. The application of KCl fertilizer increased the number of cloves, the diameters of the cloves and bulbs, and reduced variations in bulb size. In addition, the application of KCl fertilizer improved the nutritional quality (Vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and allicin) of the garlic and reduced the accumulation of nitrate. However, excessive KCl fertilizer cause decreased yields, appearance traits, and nutritional quality. Applying the same rate of K fertilizer in the form of K2SO4 in isolation increased the garlic yield by only 0.1% to 22.5% when compared with KCl fertilizer. However, the results were not always significant. In this study, the highest yields, appearance traits, and nutritional quality were achieved with the ratio of K2SO4: KCl = 3:1. Consequently, to ensure the highest economic value (considering the market prices of K fertilizer, garlic sprouts, and bulbs), the authors recommend a K fertilizer rate of 252.5 kg·ha−1 K2O, with K2SO4 accounting for 61.6% for garlic production in field.

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for potatoes in Cyprus

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Krentos ◽  
P. I. Orphanos
Keyword(s):  
Potato Crop ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Plain Area ◽  
First Response ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
P Fertilizers

SUMMARYA number of experiments to test the effects of N and P fertilizers and a few testing K fertilizer were carried out mainly with Arran Banner and Up-to-Date potatoes in the major potato-growing area of Cyprus (Kokkinoohoria). The optimum nitrogen rate, all applied at planting in January-February, was 60–120 kg N/ha with yields reaching 50 t/ha. Phosphorus increased yields in only 4 out of 21 trials. In two of these cases the soil contained 8 mg bicarbonate-extractable P/kg soil or less. In the other two cases the soil contained 34 and 56 mg P/kg but irrigation was erratic. In only one experiment where soil potassium was depleted to 222 mg exchangeable K/kg through continuous cropping with irrigated crops, without potassium fertilizer, was a clear response to K fertilizer obtained; this, however, is the first response to K fertilizer by any crop reported in a plain area of Cyprus.Concentration of NO2·N in the petiole of the first mature leaf from the top sampled at 80 days from planting under the 120 kg N/ha rate, beyond which seldom were yields increased, was about 0·5%. In the only experiment where a response to K was obtained, concentration of K in entire leaves sampled as above was about 2·5%.It is argued that since growers in this area have used heavy dressings of P and K over recent years, they will seldom get any benefit from applying more than a maintenance dose of 70 kg P and 150 kg K/ha to the potato crop. It is suggested that since in semiarid regions leaching is limited, soil tests of NO3 content can aid farmers in choosing the optimum amount of N fertilizer for each crop.

scholarly journals Combined Application of Inoculant, Phosphorus and Potassium Enhances Cowpea Yield in Savanna Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Obianuju Chiamaka Emmanuel ◽  
Olayiwola Akin Akintola ◽  
Francis Marthy Tetteh ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Savanna Soils

Low soil phosphorus levels in savanna soils of Ghana limit cowpea response to inoculation. A two-year experiment was carried out on 2 soil types of the Guinea and Sudan savanna zones of Ghana based on the hypothesis that Bradyrhizobia inoculant (BR3267) in combination with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer will significantly increase cowpea root nodulation, growth and yield. The study aimed to determine the effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on cowpea response to Bradyrhizobia inoculant. The treatments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, replicated four times. The plot size was 8 × 3 m, with the sowing distance of 60 × 20 cm. The treatment comprises of commercial Bradyrhizobia inoculant, phosphorus (0, 30, 40 kg P2O5 ha−1) and potassium (0, 10, 20, 30 K2O ha−1). Application of Bradyrhizobia inoculant with 30 kg P2O5 ha−1 and 20 kg K2O ha−1 gave the highest grain yield (1.68 and 1.86 tons ha−1) at both soils which did not differ from the yield obtained from BR-40-30 kg ha−1 P2O5 and K2O ha−1 on the Ferric Lixisol and BR-40-20 kg ha−1 P2O5 and K2O on the Ferric Luvisol. The same treatment also gave the highest nodule number and nodule dry weight. The results of this study have shown that the application of Bradyrhizobia inoculant followed by P and K fertilizer was effective for cowpea growth in field conditions.

scholarly journals Potassium fertilization for pineapple: effects on soil chemical properties and plant nutrition

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Junqueira Teixeira ◽  
José Antonio Quaggio ◽  
Heitor Cantarella ◽  
Estêvão Vicari Mellis
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
The City ◽  
Pineapple Leaves

A field experiment was carried out on an Ultisol located at the city of Agudos (22º30'S; 49º03'W), in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in order to determine the effects of rates and sources of potassium fertilizer on nutritional status of 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple and on some soil chemical properties. The experiment was a complete factorial design with four rates (0, 175, 350, and 700 kg ha-1 of K2O) and three combinations of K sources (100% KCl, 100% K2SO4 and 40% K2SO4 + 60% KCl). Soil samples were taken from the depths 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm at planting and 14 months after. Nutritional status of pineapple plants was assessed by means of tissue analysis. Soil K availability increased with application of K fertilizer, regardless of K sources. Soil chlorine and Cl concentration in pineapple leaves increased with application of KCl or K2SO4+KCl. Plant uptake of potassium was shaped by soil K availability and by the application rates of K fertilizer, independently of K sources.

scholarly journals Potassium Fertilizer Effects of Potato Yield and Petiole Sap Potassium Concentrations

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 592e-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Rosen ◽  
Wenshan Wang ◽  
David Birong
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Flame Emission ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Petiole Sap

A 2-year field study was conducted on a low- to medium-K testing sandy soil 1) to evaluate the effects of various K management strategies on potato (cv. Russet Burbank) yield and quality and 2) to calibrate a petiole sap test for determining plant K status. Treatments included banded applications of potassium chloride fertilizer at planting with K ranging from 0 to 300 kg·ha–1 in 75 kg·ha–1 increments. Comparisons of preplant broadcast + banded applications and evaluation of in-season applications of potassium nitrate also were made. In both years, tuber yield increased with increasing banded K fertilizer up to 150 kg ha-1 K the first year and 225 kg ha-1 K the second year. In-season applications of potassium nitrate increased tissue K levels, but at equivalent K application rates, timing of K application had no effect on yield. Petiole K concentrations, measured on a dry weight and sap basis, increased with increasing K fertilizer application. Potassium concentrations in nondiluted sap determined with the Cardy K electrode were ≈200 to 2500 ppm lower than those determined by flame emission. The greatest discrepancy occurred at the higher K sap concentrations. Potassium concentrations determined with the Cardy electrode in sap diluted with aluminum sulfate or deionized water were much closer to those determined by flame emission. These results suggest that dilution of the sap is necessary to obtain accurate K concentrations in petiole sap.

scholarly journals Detection of Rhodococcus fascians, the Causative Agent of Lily Fasciation in South Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Joon Moh Park ◽  
Jachoon Koo ◽  
Se Won Kang ◽  
Sung Hee Jo ◽  
Jeong Mee Park
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Rhodococcus Fascians ◽  
Different Strains

Rhodococcus fascians is an important pathogen that infects various herbaceous perennials and reduces their economic value. In this study, we examined R. fascians isolates carrying a virulence gene from symptomatic lily plants grown in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis using the nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA, vicA, and fasD led to the classification of the isolates into four different strains of R. fascians. Inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana with these isolates slowed root growth and resulted in symptoms of leafy gall. These findings elucidate the diversification of domestic pathogenic R. fascians and may lead to an accurate causal diagnosis to help reduce economic losses in the bulb market.

scholarly journals Extension Plant Pathology: Strengthening Resources to Continue Serving the Public Interest

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 652-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Everts ◽  
L. Osborne ◽  
A. J. Gevens ◽  
S. J. Vasquez ◽  
B. K. Gugino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Horticultural Crops

Extension plant pathologists deliver science-based information that protects the economic value of agricultural and horticultural crops in the United States by educating growers and the general public about plant diseases. Extension plant pathologists diagnose plant diseases and disorders, provide advice, and conduct applied research on local and regional plant disease problems. During the last century, extension plant pathology programs have adjusted to demographic shifts in the U.S. population and to changes in program funding. Extension programs are now more collaborative and more specialized in response to a highly educated clientele. Changes in federal and state budgets and policies have also reduced funding and shifted the source of funding of extension plant pathologists from formula funds towards specialized competitive grants. These competitive grants often favor national over local and regional plant disease issues and typically require a long lead time to secure funding. These changes coupled with a reduction in personnel pose a threat to extension plant pathology programs. Increasing demand for high-quality, unbiased information and the continued reduction in local, state, and federal funds is unsustainable and, if not abated, will lead to a delay in response to emerging diseases, reduce crop yields, increase economic losses, and place U.S. agriculture at a global competitive disadvantage. In this letter, we outline four recommendations to strengthen the role and resources of extension plant pathologists as they guide our nation's food, feed, fuel, fiber, and ornamental producers into an era of increasing technological complexity and global competitiveness.

scholarly journals Economic Impacts on Human Health Resulting from the Use of Mercury in the Illegal Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon: A Methodological Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11869
Author(s):  
Leonardo Barcellos de Bakker ◽  
Pedro Gasparinetti ◽  
Júlia Mello de Queiroz ◽  
Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Methodological Assessment

Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in the Amazon results in the dumping of tons of mercury into the environment annually. Despite consensus on the impacts of mercury on human health, there are still unknowns regarding: (i) the extent to which mercury from ASGM can be dispersed in the environment until it becomes toxic to humans; and (ii) the economic value of losses caused by contamination becomes evident. The main objective of this study is to propose a methodology to evaluate the impacts of ASGM on human health in different contexts in the Brazilian Amazon. We connect several points in the literature based on hypotheses regarding mercury dispersion in water, its transformation into methylmercury, and absorption by fish and humans. This methodology can be used as a tool to estimate the extent of environmental damage caused by artisanal gold mining, the severity of damage to the health of individuals contaminated by mercury and, consequently, can contribute to the application of fines to environmental violators. The consequences of contamination are evaluated by dose-response functions relating to mercury concentrations in hair and the development of the following health outcomes: (i) mild mental retardation, (ii) acute myocardial infarction, and (iii) hypertension. From disability-adjusted life years and statistical life value, we found that the economic losses range from 100,000 to 400,000 USD per kilogram of gold extracted. A case study of the Yanomami indigenous land shows that the impacts of mercury from illegal gold mining in 2020 totaled 69 million USD, which could be used by local authorities to compensate the Yanomami people.

scholarly journals Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer effects on cassava tuber yield in the coastal district of Dondo, Mozambique

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (42) ◽  
pp. 3112-3119
Author(s):  
B. Cuvaca Ivan ◽  
S. Eash Neal ◽  
M. Lambert Dayton ◽  
R. Walker Forbes ◽  
Rustrick William
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Coastal District

scholarly journals Effects of different nitrogen forms on the nutritional quality and physiological characteristics of Chinese chive seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Sun YD ◽  
Luo WR ◽  
Liu HC
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Chinese Chive ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Nitrogen plays a vital role in the growth, development and nutritional quality of Chinese chive, which is an important leafy vegetable. The effects of improved Hoagland nutrient solutions on the nutritional quality and physiological characteristics of three Chinese chive cultivars (Saisong, Pingjiu No. 4 and Pingjiu No. 8) were investigated by modulating the ratio of nitrite nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>-N) to ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N). Improved Hoagland nutrient solutions with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>-N to NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N ratios of 50:50 and 75:25 could effectively promote the accumulation of soluble protein, soluble sugar, vitamin C and proline; decrease the malondialdehyde content; and induce the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of the three cultivars. It is strongly suggested that NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>-N to NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N ratios of 50:50 and 75:25 improve nutritional quality and promote growth and are thus suitable for Chinese chive growth under hydroponic culture.

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