Application of photometry for diagnostics of nitrogen nutrition in spring barley

The article discusses a method for diagnosing nitrogen nutrition of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in different phases of the growing season using a photometric device (N-tester) Yara. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the Moscow region (Russia) on the Mikhailovsky spring barley variety on sod-podzolic medium loamy soils with a high and medium content of phosphorus and potassium and a low content of humus (1.9). The agrometeorological conditions of the growing season of spring barley were characterized by sharp fluctuations in air temperature and the amount of precipitation over decades of the month and in comparison with average long-term observations. Abundant and prolonged precipitation during the grain ripening phase led to lodging in most of the experiments, which affected the yield. To diagnose crops, a model experiment was laid with the introduction of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers into pre-sowing cultivation with a step of 30, at which the dose of nitrogen ranged from 30 to 150 kg/ha. Diagnostics was carried out in three phases of vegetation: tube emergence ((Z42), earing (Z55), milk ripeness of grain (Z73) with the Yara N-tester and with the help of stem diagnostics according to the modified method of V. Zerling. The results of photometric diagnostics in the stemming phase (Z42) have a strong correlation with the yield of spring barley grain and with the results of stem diagnostics (R = 0.85). Wherein, the N-tester readings in the earing phase (Z55) and milk ripeness of grain (Z73) with yield R = 0.23 and R = 0.17, respectively, have a weak correlation. This is possibly due to lodging of crops and a change in yield, not as a result of poor plant nutrition, but with difficult mechanized harvesting.

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Impact of nitrogen fertilizers on protein and amylose content in grain of rice varieties grown in different agrolandscapes of Krasnodar region

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017507009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 175 ◽

pp. 07009

Author(s):

Natalia Tumanian ◽

Tatyana Kumejko ◽

Svetlana Chizhikova ◽

Elina Papulova ◽

Sergey Garkusha

Keyword(s):

General Trend ◽

Nitrogen Nutrition ◽

Amylose Content ◽

Growing Season ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Growth Trend ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Polished Rice ◽

Krasnodar Region ◽

Slight Growth

The article presents the results of evaluation of rice varieties Flagman, Novator, Favorit, Olimp, Yubileyniy 85, Atlant, Kurazh, Rapan 2, Patriot, Azovsky, Polevik, Kazachok 4, Nautilus, Yakhont, bred in 1996-2019 by Russian breeders and grown in the Abinsky district, Krasnodar region by protein and amylose content in the grain due to the level of nitrogen nutrition during the growing season. The protein content in grain in all varieties with an increase in the applied nitrogen fertilizers from N90 to N120 increased by 0.03-0.56%. In 2016, the varieties Novator, Flagman, Olimp, Atlant, Kurazh, Kazachok 4 were 0.40% and higher; in the varieties Favorit, Polevik, Yubileiny 85, Patriot, Nautilus and Yakhont by 0.03-0.39%. The variety Patriot showed a slight growth trend in PC. In polished rice, PC decreased in two variants of the experiment to 78.991.9% PC, and the indicator was not dependent on the variant. Under the conditions of rice cultivation at N 120, a decrease in the amylose content in grain in varieties by 0.2-0.7% was observed. There was a general trend of a more significant decrease in AC in varieties in 2018. All varieties were assigned to the group of low amylose varieties with AC from 15.1 to 19.0%.

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Balance of potassium in two long-term field experiments with different fertilization treatments

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/109/2019-pse ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 225-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiří Balík ◽

Jindřich Černý ◽

Martin Kulhánek ◽

Ondřej Sedlář ◽

Pavel Suran

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Exchangeable K ◽

Negative Balance

Balance of potassium (K) was observed in long-term stationary field experiments (21 years) at two sites with different soil and climatic conditions (Luvisol, Cambisol). The following crops were rotated within the trial: potatoes- winter wheat-spring barley. All three crops were grown each year. The trial comprised 6 treatments: (1) no fertilization; (2) farmyard manure; (3) half dose of farmyard manure + nitrogen (N) in mineral nitrogen fertilizers; (4) mineral nitrogen fertilizers; (5) NPK in mineral fertilizers; (6) straw of spring barley + N in mineral nitrogen fertilizers. The recovery rate of potassium from farmyard manure by crops was 24–26%, from mineral fertilizers it was 27–52%. Different fertilization intensities were manifested by significant differences in the content of exchangeable K in soil. Changes in non-exchangeable K (Kne) were recorded only at the Luvisol site (850 mg Kne/kg), but not at the Cambisol site (3000 mg Kne/kg). The maximum negative balance (–2376 kg K/ha/21 years) was recorded at the mineral nitrogen fertilization treatment.

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THE EFFECT OF SOWING DATES AND NITROGEN FOLIAR FERTILIZATION ON SPRING BARLEY PRODUCTIVITY UNDER CONDITIONS OF RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE

Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.37128/2707-5826-2020-2-5 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 51-63

Author(s):

Mihaylo Polishchuk

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Foliar Fertilization ◽

Yield Level ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Control Variant

In order to maximize the potential of productivity of spring barley varieties, it is important to optimize the conditions for plant growth and development, which are, first of all, provided by the latest intensive agricultural technologies, which provide for the correct placement of crops in crop rotation after the respective precursors; optimal supply of plants with nutrients, taking into account their content in the soil; fractional application of nitrogen fertilizers during the growing season by phases of growth and stages of organogenesis; the use of retardants, integrated protection of plants against weeds, pests, diseases, timely and quality implementation of all agrotechnical measures. Research to study the effectiveness of different terms of spring barley sowing and doses of nitrogen fertilizers were conducted during 2018 - 2019 in the conditions of the research field of VSAU v. Agronomichne of Vinnytsia region on gray ashed soils. Weather conditions during the years of the research differed from the average long-term data with high temperature conditions and low rainfall, and accordingly the most favorable year for the growth and development of spring barley was 2018. It is shown the 2-years investigation results on study the effect of sowing dates and nitrogen fertilizations on productivity elements and quality indexes of spring barley grain under conditions of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe on gray forest soils. Accordingly, the highest levels of harvest of barley cultivars at different sowing dates were obtained under conditions of 2018. t should also be noted that the delay of sowing by 6 days in the years of research leads to a decrease in the yield level on average for all varieties by 0,42 – 0,64 t / ha, and a delay of 14 days leads to a decrease by 1,37 – 1,80 t / ha. The use of nitrogen fertilizers leads to an increase in the yield level of both cultivated varieties, and the highest crop yields of the Svarog variety were obtained in the experiment where the background + N60 was applied in the foliar fertilization (4,87 t / ha), and the lowest respectively in the control variant 3,16 t /ha, in the Armax variety a similar situation is observed, however, with lower indicators respectively 4,54 and 3,06 t / ha. The lowest values of protein content in the grain were obtained in the control variant where only N17 P17 K17 was applied to rows when sowing, and the use of nitrogen fertilization leads to an increase in this indicator and the highest values obtained in the variant of experiment 4, where Background (N17 P17 K17) + N60 in the foliar fertilization on the feeding phase of the tube exit. Key words: spring barley, nitrogen fertilizers, elements of the crop structure, yield, quality of production.

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Productivity of spring barley when using retardants of various mechanisms of action in the conditions of the CRNZ of the Russian Federation

10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-75 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

P. D. Bugaev ◽

◽

D. A. Karpovich

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Growing Season ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Arid Conditions ◽

Phase 0 ◽

Processing Plants ◽

The Russian Federation

in arid conditions of the growing season, the use of growth regulators of the retardant type Moddus, CE and Hardy, P on barley crops reduces the lodging of plants and reduces the yield of spring barley. When treating seeds with Moddus, CE, the most intense shortening of the first and second internodes was noted (24 and 7%, respectively), while the diameter of the stem of the 2nd internode increased slightly compared to the control variant. Seed treatment with Moddus, CE reduced lodging by 3%, and treatment in the DC phase 0 (seed treatment)+DC 25-29 (mid-end tillering phase) proved to be ineffective, where the lodging of plants increased the lodging on the control variant.The treatment of seeds with Hardy, P at a dose of 50 ml / t, as well as the treatment of plants at a dose of 300 ml / ha more intensively affected the length of the second internode, reducing it by 22% and 3%, respectively, relative to the control. When processing Hardy plants, P lodging decreased by 12%, while when processing plants with Moddus, CE by only 5%. In conditions of lack of moisture during the growing season, the use of retardants led to a decrease in the yield of barley grain by 7 - 39%. A minimal decrease of 0.3 t/ha was observed in the variant with the treatment of seeds and plants with Hardy, P at a dose of 100 ml/t+300 ml/ha.

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The productivity and spring barley grain quality depending on mineral fertilizer systems

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20202700049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 00049

Author(s):

N. V. Sanina

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Middle Volga Region ◽

Arid Conditions ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽

Active Substances

The research purpose is to study the effect of systematic application of various doses of mineral fertilizers on productivity, grain quality, value of spring barley productivity elements, determine an optimal doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the arid conditions of the Middle Volga region. Improving nutrition with the use of fertilizers contributed to an increase in productivity values. The average yield was 0.18–0.76 t/ha. The use of maximum doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium did not increase productivity in arid conditions. Nitrogen plays a leading role in increasing barley productivity. The agronomic effectiveness of fertilizers depended on the doses of active substances. An increase was 2.1–5.8 kg of barley grain per 1 kg of active substances. The most stable increase was observed when applying N60Р0-60К0-30. Rational doses are as follows: nitrogen 60–90 kg a.e./ha when applying P60K30, phosphorus 30–60 kg a.e./ha when applying N60K30, potassium 30 kg a.e./ha when applying N60Р60. The best option is N60Р0-60К0-30.

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Effect of long-term fertilizer application on yield and concentrations of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in grain of spring barley

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/159/2013-pse ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 329-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Hejcman ◽

M. Berková ◽

E. Kunzová

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Soils ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Risk Elements ◽

Application Rates

Little attention has been paid to the effect of long-term fertilizer application on concentrations of elements in grain of barley produced on the metal non-contaminated agricultural soil. In 2010, we analyzed yield and concentrations of elements in grain of spring barley in unfertilized control, mineral fertilizer application (N4P2K2 – 70, 60 and 100 kg N, P and K per ha) and combinations of farmyard manure or poultry litter with mineral fertilizer (FMN4P2K2 and PLN4P2K2) treatments in the Ruzyně Fertilizer Experiment established on Luvisol in 1955 in Prague (Czech Republic). The yield of grain ranged from 4.03 to 9.74 t/ha in the control and FMN4P2K2 treatment. There was a positive effect of fertilizer application on concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorusand potassium, but no effect on concentrations of calcium and magnesium. With the exception of iron, concentrations of micro (copper and zinc) and risk elements (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese and nickel) were not significantly affected by the fertilizer treatments. Long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers with appropriate application rates does not represent any risk for contamination of barley grain by risk elements on mineral rich and metal non-contaminated agricultural soils.

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137Cs accumulation in the yield of agricultural crops depending on the impact of agrochemical factors

Agroecological journal ◽

10.33730/2077-4893.1.2016.248211 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 140-145

Author(s):

O. Stupenko ◽

P. Vytrykhovs’kyy ◽

V. Hirnyk

Keyword(s):

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

The Impact ◽

Flax Crop

We summarized the results of long-term research of fertili zing system and chemical melioration on radio cesium transition info yield of agricultural crops. The effect of such heavy fertilizer elements as magnesium and sulfur, participating in the nitrogen, phosphoric and carbohydrate metabolism in plants, on the crop formation and quality is studied. The influence of liming, level of providing soil with phosphorus and potassium, doses of nitrogen fertilizers in top-dressing, on buildup of radionuclide in crop yields is shown. The influence of the complex nitrogen-free fertilizer «Ekoplant» and its inclusion doses on the straw flax crop is defined. It has been shown the possibility of using the angustifolins lupine on sod-podzolic sandy soils with 10 Ci/km2 radio cesium contamination. It has been shown the dependence of radionuclide accumulation on perennial grasses hay harvest that were grown on sod-podzolic sandy soils of Polissia with 10 Ci/km2 radio cesium contamination.

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Influence of foliar nutrition of barley plants on brewing quality of grain by Kolbach index

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-49-56 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

R. Klymyshena

Keyword(s):

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Growing Season ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Foliar Nutrition ◽

Beginning Of Flowering

The aim of the study was to determine the dependence of brewing quality of spring barley grain in terms of indicator of Kolbach number depending on the eff ect of foliar nutrition of plants during the growing season with micronutrients Wuxal on different backgrounds of mineral fertilization. Effectiveness of the infl uence of foliar nutrition of spring barley plants by microfertilizers Wuxal during the growing season on the brewing quality according to the Kolbach number was established. It is revealed that the eff ectiveness of the technological agricultural measure carried out depends on the number of agri-receptions, the rate of microfertilizers and the background of mineral nutrition. It was proved that when growing barley on the background of mineral nutrition N30P45K45 the best results were obtained with two and three times application of microfertilizers at the rate of 1.5 l/ha in accordance with the phenophases of tillering, stem elongation and fl owering. Maximum productivity on the background of N60P90K90 mineral nutrition is achieved by providing three times of crops spraying with a solution of microfertilizers in the amount of 2.0 l/ha each time in accordance with the above-mentioned phenophases of barley plants growth and development. The efficiency of foliar nutrition of spring barley plants by microfertilizers depends on the technological scheme of application, namely on the number of methods of the agro-measure carried out at the respective phenophases of development. The variants of double application microfertilizers were the best in growing barley on the background of mineral nutrition N30P45K45, – Wuxal P Max 1.5 l/ha during tillering and Wuxal Grain 1.5 l/ha at the beginning of flowering; Wuxal Grain 1.5 l/ha during the stem elongation and Wuxal Grain 1.5 l/ ha at the beginning of flowering. The optimal variant for three-times foliar nutrition of plants with microfertilizers was as follows: Wuxal P Max 1.5 l/ha during tillering, Wuxal Grain 1.5 l/ha during of stem elongation and Wuxal Grain 1.5 l/ha at the beginning of flowering, where the highest Kolbach number is obtained – 47.7; 47.5 and 48.0 %, respectively. On the background of N60P90K90 mineral nutrition, the highest parameters were established for three-time spraying of plants with microfertilizers Wuxal P Max 2.0 l/ha during tillering, Wuxal Grain 2.0 l/ha during of stem elongation and Wuxal Grain 2.0 l/ha at the beginning of flowering – 46.9 %. Key words: spring barley, grain quality, Kolbach number, microfertilizers, foliar nutrition.

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The effects of cultivation method and timing, previous sward and fertilizer level on subsequent crop yields and nitrate leaching following cultivation of long-term grazed grass and grass-clover swards

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859602002502 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 139 (3) ◽

pp. 245-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. J. A. VINTEN ◽

B. C. BALL ◽

M. F. O'SULLIVAN ◽

J. K. HENSHALL ◽

R. HOWARD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrate Leaching ◽

Spring Barley ◽

N Uptake ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Winter Barley ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

No Tillage ◽

Fertilizer N

A 3-year field experiment was conducted in 1996–98 near Penicuik, Scotland, to investigate the fate of N released after cultivation of previously long-term grass and grass-clover swards. The effects of timing of cultivations (autumn and spring), tillage methods (no tillage, ploughing to 200 mm and ploughing to 300 mm) and fertilizer N for spring (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha) and winter barley (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N/ha) on yield, N uptake and nitrate leaching were measured.In 1996, after spring cultivation, on plots previously in grass, spring barley grain yield and N uptake did not respond to N fertilizer, but on plots previously in grass-clover there was a nearly linear response to N. In 1997, the spring barley responded to N fertilizer at all levels. Yields of 1997 winter barley after grass did not show a response above 60 kg N/ha, but increased with fertilizer N up to at least 120 kg N/ha after grass-clover. In 1998, there were strong effects of N fertilizer and cultivation method on grain yield and N uptake of both spring barley and winter barley. Winter barley grain yield was significantly higher in plots previously in grass than in plots previously in grass-clover in 1998, though not in 1997. Winter barley yields were higher than spring barley at the same fertilizer N level.Throughout the 3 years, the no-tillage plots had consistently lower yields than the ploughed plots, but there was no consistent difference between the ploughed and deep ploughed treatments. There were strong interactive effects between tillage and previous sward in 1997. No-tillage under spring barley generally yielded lower than ploughing due to difficulties in weed control and the frequent anaerobic conditions in the soil.Annual leaching losses were relatively small (6·4–19·6 kg N/ha). In 1996–97, more N was leached from the plots left in stubble following spring barley than from those planted with winter barley after either spring barley or grass in 1996, but in 1997–98 more N was leached from plots in winter barley than from those in over-winter stubble. Nitrate leaching was least under no-tillage, though the effect was not significant.

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SELECTION WORK TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVE AND BREWING QUALITIES OF SPRING BARLEY

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2018/6/38-40 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 38-40

Author(s):

О. V. Levakova ◽

L. М. Eroshenko ◽

А. N. Eroshenko

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Humus Content ◽

Stability Index ◽

Field Studies ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Extract Content ◽

Labile Phosphorus ◽

Loam Soil

The article presents and analyzes data of competitive varietal testing of promising varieties and lines of spring barley for yield and brewing qualities. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2017 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. Agrochemical parameters are total nitrogen – 0.24%, humus content in a layer of 0-40 cm (according to Tyurin) – 5.19%, hydrolysis nitrogen – 123.5 mg / kg, salt extract pH – 4.92 mg-eq / 100g; labile phosphorus - 34.6 mg / 100g, labile potassium – 20.0 mg / 100g. The forerunner is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in the years of research differed from each other and from the average long-term value. Barley samples were assessed by the protein content in the grain (GOST 10846-91), extract content (GOST 12130-77), weight 1000 grains (GOST 10842-89). Ecological plasticity was determined by the method proposed by E.D. Nettevich, A.I. Morgunov and M.I. Maksimenko, stability index (Ľ) by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator of stability level (Puss) by E. D. Nettevich and A. I. Morgunov. The main measure for assessing quality indicators is protein content. Many other biochemical and technological features of grain depend on its level. The experimental data convincingly testify to the significant influence of the soil and climatic conditions on the yield and, especially, on the brewing qualities of barley in the conditions of the Central Region of the Nonchernozem Zone. According to the studied traits, new valuable varieties Nadezhny, Sir, Noble and selection lines 141 / 1-09 h 746, 23 / 1-10 h 784, distinguished by high adaptability and resistance to adverse environmental factors, have been identified.

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