diagnostic outcomes
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

113
(FIVE YEARS 42)

H-INDEX

16
(FIVE YEARS 4)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3558
Author(s):  
Jeann Leal de Araújo ◽  
Raquel Rubia Rech

Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a life-threatening neurological disease caused by parrot bornaviruses (PaBVs) that affects several species worldwide. PDD can be clinically manifested as either a central nervous system condition or a gastrointestinal condition if the nerves and ganglia of the gastrointestinal tract are compromised. We intend to provide a concise review for veterinary clinicians and diagnosticians with focus on the main tools available for PDD diagnosis, including gross and histopathology, immunohistochemistry, molecular techniques and serology. We suggest that a combination of different strategies can increase the success of diagnostic outcomes, as tools such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be implemented for identification of bornaviral infections in live patients, and gross pathology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR can provide reliable results for postmortem diagnosis of PDD.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quirine Bosch ◽  
Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana ◽  
Beza Ramasindrazana ◽  
Guillain Mikaty ◽  
Rado JL Rakotonanahary ◽  
...  

During outbreaks, the lack of diagnostic “gold standard” can mask the true burden of infection in the population and hamper the allocation of resources required for control. Here, we present an analytical framework to evaluate and optimize the use of diagnostics when multiple yet imperfect diagnostic tests are available. We apply it to laboratory results of 2,136 samples, analyzed with three diagnostic tests (based on up to seven diagnostic outcomes), collected during the 2017 pneumonic (PP) and bubonic plague (BP) outbreak in Madagascar, which was unprecedented both in the number of notified cases, clinical presentation, and spatial distribution. The extent of this outbreaks has however remained unclear due to non-optimal assays. Using latent class methods, we estimate that 7%-15% of notified cases were Yersinia pestis-infected. Overreporting was highest during the peak of the outbreak and lowest in the rural settings endemic to Yersinia pestis. Molecular biology methods offered the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity. The specificity of the rapid diagnostic test was relatively low (PP: 82%, BP: 85%), particularly for use in contexts with large quantities of misclassified cases. Comparison with data from a subsequent seasonal Yersinia pestis outbreak in 2018 reveal better test performance (BP: specificity 99%, sensitivity: 91%), indicating that factors related to the response to a large, explosive outbreak may well have affected test performance. We used our framework to optimize the case classification and derive consolidated epidemic trends. Our approach may help reduce uncertainties in other outbreaks where diagnostics are imperfect.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Mozdiak ◽  
JC Chambers ◽  
RAS Owusu ◽  
S Palaneer ◽  
B Kulendrarajah ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riana Pick ◽  
Koffi Kouame ◽  
Sylvester Rodgers Moyo ◽  
Yapo Guillaume Aboua

Abstract An estimated 851 340 women in Namibia are at risk of human papilloma viral (HPV) infection that may cause cervical cancer. Visual screening with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy have been proven highly effective. However, data associating with the impact of cervical cancer screening programmes lack. This study evaluated visual and cytology screening in preventing cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN) and cervical cancer in Namibia. Findings showed that women with HPV, cervicitis, koilocytosis and atypia are at an increased risk of testing positive for VIA. Older women, particularly with HIV are more likely to be diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). VIA procedure seems to be viable in screening, although colposcopy in patient follow-up in the Namibian context should be revised and used with positive HR-HPV results. Screening modalities incorporating HPV testing for different ages and risk populations (e.g. HIV positive, autoimmune disease) is recommended. Screening uptake can further be improved by interventions that adopt a model which uses previous diagnostic outcomes, women’s health objectives, up-to-date knowledge and practice relevant to national context.


Author(s):  
Henrik Ugge ◽  
Sebastian Jarl ◽  
Petros Georgouleas ◽  
Sven-Olof Andersson ◽  
Pernilla Sundqvist ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942110477
Author(s):  
Michael C. Shih ◽  
Christina Rappazzo ◽  
Caroline Hudson ◽  
Julina Ongkasuwan

Objectives: To evaluate videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) findings in infants with dysphagia and without prior diagnoses, and to characterize the outcomes and any diagnoses that follow. Methods: A chart review of all pediatric patients who received a VFSS at a tertiary children’s hospital from November 2008 to March 2017 was performed. Results: There were 106 infants (57 males and 49 females) with 108 VFSS. VFSS was normal in 18 (16.98%) infants. Regarding airway protection, 50 (47.17%) infants had laryngeal penetration, and 8 (7.55%) had tracheal aspiration; 3 (2.83%, 37.5% of all aspirators) exhibited silent aspiration. Of the 75 infants with minimum 2-year follow-up, 35 (46.67%) had no sequelae of disease and received no diagnoses. The most common diagnoses and pathologic sequelae were gastroesophageal reflux (n = 18, 24.00%), asthma (n = 8, 10.67%), laryngomalacia (n = 6, 8.00%), and tracheomalacia (n = 4, 5.33%), all consistent with United States pediatric data on prevalence. All infants (n = 51) with follow-up for dysphagia had resolution of symptoms within 9 months from VFSS order date. Conclusions: Otherwise healthy infants may show signs of dysphagia and not develop later illness. Parents can thus be counseled on the implications of dysphagia in a previously healthy infant. Our findings provide comparative statistics for future research in pediatric dysphagia.


Author(s):  
Jill Rafalko ◽  
Erica Soster ◽  
Samantha Caldwell ◽  
Eyad Almasri ◽  
Thomas Westover ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose Of 86,902 prenatal genome-wide cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening tests, 4,121 were positive for a chromosome abnormality. This study examines 490 cases screen-positive for one or more subchromosomal copy-number variants (CNV) from genome-wide cfDNA screening. Methods Cases positive for one or more subchromosomal CNV from genome-wide cfDNA screening and diagnostic outcomes were compiled. Diagnostic testing trends were analyzed, positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated, and the type of chromosomal abnormalities ultimately confirmed by diagnostic testing were described. Results CNVs were identified in 0.56% of screened specimens. Of the 490 cases screen-positive for one or more CNV, diagnostic outcomes were available for 244 cases (50%). The overall PPV among the cases with diagnostic outcomes was 74.2% (95% CI: 68.1–79.5%) and 71.8% (95% CI: 65.5–77.4%) for “fetal-only” events. Overall, isolated CNVs showed a lower PPV of 61.0% (95% CI: 52.5–68.8%) compared to complex CNVs at 93.9% (95% CI: 86.6–97.5%). Isolated deletions/duplications and unbalanced structural rearrangements were the most common diagnostic outcomes when isolated and complex CNVs were identified by cfDNA screening, respectively. Conclusion Genome-wide cfDNA screening identifies chromosomal abnormalities beyond the scope of traditional cfDNA screening, and the overall PPV associated with subchromosomal CNVs in cases with diagnostic outcomes was >70%.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki B. Benard ◽  
J. Elizabeth Jackson ◽  
April Greek ◽  
Virginia Senkomago ◽  
Warner K. Huh ◽  
...  

CHEST Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Matsumoto ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakai ◽  
Midori Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuya Imabayashi ◽  
Takaaki Tsuchida ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document