A Novel HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Quantification of (-)-Pseudosemiglabrin and Isoglabratephrin a Bioactive Prenylated Flavonoids Identified in Tephrosia Apollinea

Fingerprint analysis by HPTLC is an effective and powerful tool for linking the bioactive components profile of the plants with botanical identity and for estimation of chemical biomarkers. Tephrosia apollinea has been used in folk medicine to treat inflammation and relieving pain, as well as for diarrhea and abdominal pain. A densitometric High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting method has been developed for the simultaneous determination and quantification of (-)-pseudosemiglabrin (SSG) and isoglabratephrin (IGP) in different parts of Tephrosia apollinea collected in summer and winter. The study revealed that SSG and IGP are the major components in T. apollinea and found in all parts of the plant at different amount. The proposed HPTLC method was found to be convenient for rapid screening of active components present in ethanol extracts of T. apollinea and can be used for analysis and routine quality control of the raw materials as well as formulations containing Tephrosia species

Exogenous Production of Silver Nanoparticles by Tephrosia apollinea Living Plants under Drought Stress and Their Antimicrobial Activities

Nanoparticle (NP) synthesis by biological systems is more cost-effective, safe, and environmentally friendly when compared to currently used chemical and physical methods. Although many studies have utilized different plant extracts to synthesize NPs, few studies have incorporated living plants. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized exogenously by Tephrosia apollinea living plant system under the combined stresses of silver nitrate and different levels of drought stress simulated by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0, −0.1, −0.2, and −0.4 MPa for three and six days). Biomass, cell death, and H2O2 content were evaluated to determine the toxicological effect of the treatments on the plant. More severe effects were detected in day 6 plants compared to day 3 plants, and at higher drought levels. UV-visible spectrum, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to detect and characterize the T. apollinea synthesized NPs. The shapes of the NPs were spherical and cubic with different phytochemicals being the possible capping agents. Broth microdilution was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the NPs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In this case, antimicrobial activity increased at higher PEG concentrations. Bactericidal effects were observed against E. coli, while only bacteriostatic effects were detected against S. aureus.

In vitro oxidative stress regulatory potential of Citrullus colocynthis and Tephrosia apollinea

The present study investigates the potential role of medicinal plants Citrullus colocynthis and Tephrosia apollinea in ameliorating the oxidative stress developed during the generation of reactive oxygen species. Organic extracts of different organs (leaf, stem and root) of these medicinal plants obtained in n-hexane, chloroform, n-butanol and water were assayed for radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity, anti-lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione. The total phenolic content (TPC) of both selected medicinal plants was also evaluated. The results indicated that extracts of T. apollinea leaf, stem and root have higher TPC compared to those of C. colocynthis. Similarly, the results of the present study revealed higher bioactivity of C. colocynthis than that of T. apollinea in various antioxidant assays. Various plant parts of each plant were also compared.