Steady State Thermal Effect on Static Characteristic of Copper Roller Shaft

The static analysis of a copper roller shaft is performed. The copper roller shaft consists of bushing, pen roll and roller. All of those components g4bconsist of different materials. Thermal steady state and statical analysis is performed in order to investigate the thermal effect of high temperature copper slab on the roller shaft. The copper slab temperature is 1200 OC. Based on this work obtained that the maximum total deformation is 0.0050523 m, maximum equivalent stress is 41600 MPa, maximum life cycle is 1011, total heat flux maximum is 879910 W/m2 and the maximum damage occur in the pen roll component.

Identification of DC Thermal Steady-State Differential Inductance of Ferrite Power Inductors

In this paper, we propose a method for the identification of the differential inductance of saturable ferrite inductors adopted in DC–DC converters, considering the influence of the operating temperature. The inductor temperature rise is caused mainly by its losses, neglecting the heating contribution by the other components forming the converter layout. When the ohmic losses caused by the average current represent the principal portion of the inductor power losses, the steady-state temperature of the component can be related to the average current value. Under this assumption, usual for saturable inductors in DC–DC converters, the presented experimental setup and characterization method allow identifying a DC thermal steady-state differential inductance profile of a ferrite inductor. The curve is obtained from experimental measurements of the inductor voltage and current waveforms, at different average current values, that lead the component to operate from the linear region of the magnetization curve up to the saturation. The obtained inductance profile can be adopted to simulate the current waveform of a saturable inductor in a DC–DC converter, providing accurate results under a wide range of switching frequency, input voltage, duty cycle, and output current values.

Comprehensive Thermal Analysis of Diamond in a High-Power Raman Cavity Based on FVM-FEM Coupled Method

Despite their extremely high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficients, thermal effects in diamond are still observed in high-power diamond Raman lasers, which proposes a challenge to their power scaling. Here, the dynamics of temperature gradient and stress distribution in the diamond are numerically simulated under different pump conditions. With a pump radius of 100 μm and an absorption power of up to 200 W (corresponding to the output power in kilowatt level), the establishment period of thermal steady-state in a millimeter diamond is only 50 μs, with the overall thermal-induced deformation of the diamond being less than 2.5 μm. The relationship between the deformation of diamond and the stability of the Raman cavity is also studied. These results provide a method to better optimize the diamond Raman laser performance at output powers up to kilowatt-level.

A thermal quantum classifier

We find that the additivity of quantum information channels enables one to introduce a quantum classifier or a quantum decision maker. Proper measurement and sensing of temperature are of central importance to the realization of nanoscale quantum devices. Minimal classifiers may constitute the basic units for the physical quantum neural networks. We introduce a binary temperature classifier quantum model that operates in a thermal environment. In the present study, first the mathematical model was introduced through a two-level quantum system weakly coupled to the thermal reservoirs and it was demonstrated that the model faithfully classifies the temperature information of the reservoirs in the thermal steady state limit. A physical model by superconducting circuits composed of transmon qubits was also suggested.

Thermal and structural history of underplated rocks from subduction initiation to thermal steady state: Easton Metamorphic Suite and related units, WA, USA

<p>Rocks of the Easton Metamorphic Suite and San Juan Islands preserve an inverted metamorphic sequence with ultramafic rocks underlain by amphibolite and high-temperature blueschist juxtaposed above low-temperature blueschists. The sequence is interpreted as a metamorphic sole and younger accreted rocks that formed during and after the initiation of Farallon plate subduction beneath North America in Jurassic time. Thermobarometry, Ar/Ar dating, and structural observations constrain a relatively continuous deformation history and the rheology of rocks during subduction.  The data suggest HT metamorphism and accretion of oceanic crust at the initiation of subduction was followed by rapid cooling, underplating, exhumation, and later underplating and HP/LT metamorphism that persisted for >30 m.y. at a thermal steady state.</p><p>The earliest deformation event in the metamorphic sole at ~10 kbar, 760 °C formed S<sub>1</sub><sup>A</sup> in amphibolite followed by cooling through hornblende closure temperature by 167 Ma. Strain was variable, with high strain in amphibolite interlayered with quartzite and quartz-mica schist and weaker S<sub>1</sub><sup>A</sup> fabric in homogeneous blocks of amphibolite. Metasomatism due to contact with hot hangingwall rocks may have occurred before, during, and after S<sub>1</sub><sup>A</sup>, as locally preserved blackwall assemblages occur at the contact of relatively undeformed amphibolite and ultramafic rocks, but metasomatic assemblages also overprint hornblende-dominated fabrics. Recrystallization during isoclinal folding of amphibolite formed a second fabric (S<sub>2</sub><sup>A</sup>) at 590°C, >165 Ma.  S<sub>2</sub><sup>A</sup> is mylonitic where amphibolite blocks are in contact with quartzite, quartz-mica schist, and tremolite schist; foliation in the schists is discordant to and wraps blocks.  The S<sub>2</sub><sup>A</sup> event overlaps with the earliest metamorphism and strong deformation (S<sub>1</sub><sup>N</sup>) of high-grade Na-amphibole schist at ~530°C, 10 kbar, which cooled below 400°C by 165 Ma. We interpret the Na-amphibole schist to have been underplated as a lower metamorphic sole during this event. Retrograde metamorphism, cooling, and partial uplift to ~350°C, 7 kbar by 157 Ma is evidenced by a crenulation cleavage in the Na-amphibole schist (S<sub>2</sub><sup>N</sup>) during brittle deformation in the amphibolite and metasomatic schist evidenced by glaucophane-filled fractures in hornblende. </p><p>Younger accretion and exhumation events occurred as HP/LT conditions persisted, including underplating of regional phyllite at ~7 kbar, ~320°C from ~154-142 Ma and metavolcanic greenschist-blueschist at ~7 kbar, 360°C at ~140 Ma.  Exhumation to ~5 kbar, ≤300˚C occurred between ~140-125 Ma during later deformation of greenschist-blueschist and underplating of structurally lower metagraywacke and greenstone.  Low-T fabrics are characterized by early pressure solution cleavage followed by tight to isoclinal folding and local shearing with weak to strong recrystallization in the second cleavage.  Strain partitioning at this stage was high, with non-coaxial strain focused in phyllite and flattening fabric dominant in metagraywacke.  No deformation is evident in the high grade rocks at this time, showing the locus of strain had stepped to lower structural levels.  Meso-scale and microstructures throughout the deformation history are consistent with initial high-T deformation and limited rheological differences between lithologies, rapidly followed by weakening of metasomatized rocks and lower-T ductile and ductile-brittle deformation where strong strength contrasts favored strain partitioning into weaker units.</p>