EFFECT OF ROOT OF VETIVER GRASS AND THE SHEAR STRENGTH OF ROOT IN PERMEATED SOIL

Recently, bioengineering has been approached as one of the slope stabilizations techniques as it is inexpensive compared to the mechanical stabilization technique. However, numbers of slope failure still reoccur due to the limitation of the bioengineering technique knowledge. Proper bioengineering material and methods must be carefully selected to overcome the problem. The objectives of this research are to determine the physical and mechanical properties of soil with Vetiver Grass roots as well as the root properties of the Vetiver Grass since these grass types have been applied widely for slope stabilization. The physical properties of soil lab tests have been determined such as compaction test, Atterberg limits test and sieve analysis test. The mechanical properties of soil with and without root grasses have been carried out through the shear box test. For the identification of the root properties of Vetiver Grass, the root morphology and the diameter of the root has been identified. The results for the lab tests conducted showed that the soil with roots have a higher shear strength compared to soil without roots included with FOS (Factor of Safety) calculation proving that the soil with the aid of Vetiver Grass will be effective in retaining soil.

Sentence-Final Particles in Chinese

Chinese has a rich system of Sentence-Final Particles (SFPs). Traditional grammar and descriptive linguistic studies attempt to capture the precise semantic interpretation and the discourse function of each particle. Much work related to this aspect tries to find out what the core semantic interpretation of a given SFP is, how the diverse interpretations of a given SFP are developed from its core interpretation, and in what context the use of a given SFP is licit. Linguists from different disciplines have made important observations and offered various explanations. On the other hand, diachronic studies trace the origin and the evolution of each SFP, which helps understand the core semantics of SFPs in modern Chinese. Studies on different Chinese dialects also help the understanding of the meaning and the function of SFPs from a comparative perspective. Under the generative framework, SFPs are analyzed as complementizers, which are located in the peripheral domain. Both traditional grammarians and generative syntacticians are interested in patterns like the rigid order that necessarily shows whenever SFPs co-occur. They attempt to establish the hierarchical order of SFPs and identify the general principle that regulates such an order. Recent studies show that such an order is regulated by a discourse constraint related to subjectivity, according to which the higher a functional projection is located, the more directly it is for such a projection to be linked to the speaker’s attitude, the more subjective the interpretation of such a projection becomes, and the less likely it is for such a projection to be embedded. This constraint offers an explanation to the question of why only some SFPs can appear in embedded clauses whereas the others demonstrate root properties. Syntacticians are also interested in the question of how to derive the final order of SFPs. Two analyses are available: disjunction analysis and complement-to-specifier raising analysis. A more recent finding is that under the minimalist framework, each SFP heads a phase and bears an EPP feature. Complement-to-specifier raising is required as a last resort to satisfy the Extended Projection Principle (EPP). The complement of an SFP is moved to the phase edge to postpone the transfer of the phrases that are embedded within the complement, which allows these phrases to be extracted later.

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL RESEARCH STUDY OF ROOT PART OF BAL (TENDER) AND VRIDDHA (BOLT) MOOLAK (Raphanus Sativus Linn.)

Ayurveda treatment faces negligible complication and positive health impact on the patients, even in Ayurveda usage of herbal medicine has its own significant advantage. According to ancient science there is nothing on this earth which is not medicine. Ayurveda considers all substances as medicine, if used for specific purpose in an appropriate way. Acharyas has also described about different season, Stages and Area for collection of different part of medicinal plant. Susrut has mentioned the collection method of Ahar dravyas Samgraha in Annapanavidhi - Adhyaya where mature root is said ideal for collection, Bal (Tender) and Vriddha (bolt) root should be avoided but in special case of moolak (Radish) root, properties of Bal and Vriddha moolak are mentioned separately and in some case of disease where moolak is used as medicine especially Balmoolak is taken. Aims & Objectives - The motive of this research is to compare both stages of moolak on the basis of literature review, pharmacognostical and phytochemical properties which further evaluates their pharmacological properties and also this study would serve as a useful gauge in isolation of medicinally important phytoconstituents, performing pharmacological investigation and ensuring quality formulations and standardization of the plant material. Materials & Methods - TLC plate spot, Quanitative analysis of phenolic contents and flavonoids. Result - All the laboratory experiments show clear difference between both the stages of moolak and presence of saponin defines hepatoprotective property of Balmoolak. Conclusion - The research study has shown that Balmoolak is good for GIT and biliary system but the properties of vriddha moolak are not suitable for GIT so it is called Tridoshakarak and balmoolak is called tridoshamak property. Keywords - Bal, Vriddha, Moolak, Ahardravya.

The assertion analysis of declarative Verb Second

This chapter addresses the assertion analysis of Mainland Scandinavian embedded declarative V2 clauses. These clauses are identified by having the finite verb preceding all sentence adverbials and/or having a non-subject in initial position. Whereas this word order is mainly found in that-clauses embedded under certain predicates in modern Mainland Scandinavian, it was more generally allowed in Old Scandinavian. The Old Scandinavian word order arguably involved verb movement to the inflectional domain. In modern Mainland Scandinavian it necessarily involves movement to the C-domain, which means that embedded V2 clauses have root properties. On this analysis, they are asserted, and both the illocutionary force and the V2 order are consequences of the presence of a Force head. For most speakers of modern Mainland Scandinavian, direct or indirect assertions can be embedded whenever they are compatible with the semantics of the matrix clause.

A Metallurgic and Mechanical Differentiation to Friction Stir Welding (FSW)

The objective of this research was to measure the material properties as well as the forces to orthodox friction stir welding (FSW) performed in air of AA6061. These results were compared by using ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and weld root properties such as joint line residue length at the crossing point between the welded aluminum alloy which allows crack initiation. Metallurgic cross sections of the AA6061 welds were prepared and the weld nugget hardness between the welding parameters was compared as well. Experiments such as this one and others enumerating the forces and process parameters must be achieved. A steady state model of temperature distribution has been put forward and is shown to precisely forecast trends in heat input using heat generation equations from [1,2]. Temperature distribution was measured and correlated to data by use of Micron Thermal Imaging camera.